10 Pythagoras’ Theorem and Irrational Numbers

Solutions (Homework Sheet)

6. (a) 19 = 4.36 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
10 Pythagoras’ Theorem and
Irrational Numbers
(b) − 28 = − 5.29 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)

Basic Worksheet 10.1

(c) 4.93 = 2.22 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
1. (a) 72 = 49 , 49 = (7)
5
(b) 10 2 = (100) , 100 = (10) (d) − = −0.645 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
12

(c) 36 = (6) 7. (a) ∵ 33 = 27

∴ 3
27 = 3
(d) − 49 = (−7)

(b) ∵ (−6)3 = −216

(e) 132 = (13)
∴ 3
−216 = −6

(f) (−17)2 = (17)

8. (a) 3
4 = 1.59 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)

2. (a) ∵ (2) = 4 and (−2) = 4

2 2

∴ The square roots of 4 are (2) and (–2). (b) 3

−17 = −2.57 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)

(b) ∵ 82 = 64 and (−8) 2 = 64 (c) 4

11 = 1.82 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
∴ The square roots of 64 are 8 and –8.
5
(c) ∵ 182 = 324 and (−18)2 = 324 (d) 4 = 1.14 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
3
∴ The square roots of 324 are 18 and –18.

(d) ∵ 202 = 400 and (−20) 2 = 400 Basic Worksheet 10.2

∴ The square roots of 400 are 20 and –20.
1. x 2 = 32 + 42 (Pyth.theorem)

3. (a) 9 + 16 = 25 x= 3 +4 2 2

=5 = 25
=5
(b) 100 − 64 = 36
=6 2. y 2 = 9 2 + 40 2 (Pyth.theorem)
y = 9 + 40 2 2

4. (a) ∵ (3) 2  14  (4) 2

= 1681
∴ (3)  14  (4) = 41
∴ 14 lies between (3) and (4).
3. m 2 = ( 6 ) 2 + ( 10 ) 2 (Pyth.theorem)
(b) ∵ 5  32  6
2 2

5  32  6
m = ( 6 ) 2 + ( 10 ) 2
∴
∴ 32 lies between 5 and 6. = 16
=4
5. (a) ∵ 6  40  7
2 2

∴ 6  40  7 4. 12 2 + n 2 = 37 2 (Pyth.theorem)

∴ The integral part of 40 is 6. n = 37 2 − 12 2

= 1225
(b) ∵ 82  72  92 = 35
∴ 8  72  9
∴ The integral part of 72 is 8.

Junior Secondary Mathematics in Action 1 © Pearson Education Asia Limited 2021

10 Pythagoras’ Theorem and Irrational Numbers

5. a 2 + 16 2 = 20 2 (Pyth.theorem) Perimeter of △ABC

= AB + AC + BC
a = 20 2 − 16 2
= (74 + 24 + 70) cm
= 144 = 168 cm
= 12

6. b 2 + 2 2 = 2.5 2 (Pyth.theorem) Basic Worksheet 10.3

b = 2.5 2 − 2 2 1. PQ 2 + QR 2 = 12 2 + 16 2
= 2.25 = 144 + 256
= 1.5 = 400
PR = 20 = 400
2 2

7. ∵ ABCD is a rectangle. ∵ PQ 2 + QR 2 = PR 2
∴ ABC = 90 ∴ △PQR is a right-angled triangle, where
In △ABC, PQR = 90°. (converse of Pyth. theorem)
AB 2 + BC 2 = AC 2 (Pyth. theorem)
2. MN 2 + NO 2 = 4 2 + 7 2
AB = AC 2 − BC 2 = 16 + 49
= 132 − 122 cm = 65
= 5 cm MO 2 = 102 = 100
CD = AB ∵ MN 2 + NO2  MO2
= 5 cm ∴ △MNO is not a right-angled triangle.

8. Let x cm be the length of AB. 3. AB 2 + AC 2 = 7 2 + 24 2

AB 2 + AC 2 = BC 2 (Pyth.theorem) = 49 + 576
x + x = ( 98 )
2 2 2 = 625
2 x = 98
2 BC 2 = 252 = 625
∵ AB 2 + AC 2 = BC 2
x 2 = 49
∴ △ABC is a right-angled triangle, where BAC = 90°.
x=7
(converse of Pyth. theorem)
∴ The length of AB is 7 cm.
4. XY 2 + XZ 2 = 7 2 + 7 2
9. (a) In △PQS,
= 49 + 49
PQ 2 + QS 2 = PS 2 (Pyth.theorem)
= 98
QS = PS 2 − PQ 2 YZ 2 = 9.82 = 96.04
= 17 2 − 82 cm ∵ XY 2 + XZ 2  YZ 2
= 15 cm ∴ △XYZ is not a right-angled triangle.

5. Sum of the squares of the lengths of the two shorter sides

(b) In △QRS,
= (10 2 + 24 2 ) cm 2
QR 2 + RS 2 = QS 2 (Pyth.theorem)
= (100 + 576) cm 2
RS = QS − QR 2 2
= 676 cm 2
= 15 − 9 cm
2 2 Square of the length of the longest side
= 12 cm = 26 2 cm 2
= 676 cm 2
10. (a) ∵ Area of △ABC = 840 cm2 ∵ Sum of the squares of the lengths of the two shorter
1 sides is equal to the square of the length of the
∴  BC  AC = 840 cm 2 longest side.
2 ∴ The triangle with the given side lengths is a
1 right-angled triangle. (converse of Pyth. theorem)
 BC  24 cm = 840 cm 2
2
BC = 70 cm 6. Sum of the squares of the lengths of the two shorter sides
= (122 + 152 ) m 2
(b) AB 2 = AC 2 + BC 2 (Pyth. theorem) = (144 + 225) m 2
AB = AC 2 + BC 2 = 369 m 2
Square of the length of the longest side
= 242 + 702 cm = 182 m 2
= 74 cm
= 324 m 2

Junior Secondary Mathematics in Action 2 © Pearson Education Asia Limited 2021

10 Pythagoras’ Theorem and Irrational Numbers
∵ Sum of the squares of the lengths of the two shorter 3. Let x m be the horizontal distance the school bus travelled.
sides is not equal to the square of the length of the 30 2 + x 2 = 782 (Pyth.theorem)
longest side.
∴ The triangle with the given side lengths is not a x = 782 − 30 2
right-angled triangle. = 5184
= 72
7. (a) AC 2 + BC 2 = (31.52 + 302 ) cm 2 ∴ The horizontal distance the school bus travelled is
= (992.25 + 900) cm 2 72 m.
= 1892.25 cm 2
AB = 43.5 cm 2 = 1892.25 cm 2
2 2 4. AB 2 = OA2 + OB 2 (Pyth.theorem)
∵ AC 2 + BC 2 = AB 2 AB = 20 + 21 km2 2

∴ △ABC is a right-angled triangle, where

= 841 km
ACB = 90°. (converse of Pyth. theorem)
= 29 km
∴ The distance between the two ships is 29 km now.
(b) Area of △ABC
1
=  BC  AC 1
2 5. Length of a string = 160 cm
2
1
=  30  31.5 cm 2 = 80 cm
2
x 2 + 40 2 = 80 2 (Pyth.theorem)
= 472.5 cm 2
x = 80 2 − 40 2

8. (a) In △ABC, = 4800

AB + BC = 12 + 5
2 2 2 2 = 69.3 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
= 144 + 25
= 169 6. (a) AC 2 + BC 2 = (55 2 + 48 2 ) m 2
AC 2 = 132 = 169 = 5329 m 2
∵ AB + BC = AC
2 2 2
AB = 73 m2 = 5329 m2
2 2

∴ △ABC is a right-angled triangle, where ∵ AC 2 + BC 2 = AB 2

ABC = 90°. (converse of Pyth. theorem) ∴ △ABC is a right-angled triangle with
ACB = 90°. (converse of Pyth. theorem)
(b) In △ABD,
AD 2 = AB 2 + BD 2 1
(Pyth.theorem) (b) Area of the garden =  AC  BC
2
AD = 12 2 + (5 + 17.5) 2 1
=  55  48 m 2
= 144 + 506.25 2
= 650.25 = 1320 m 2
= 25.5
Basic Worksheet 10.5
Basic Worksheet 10.4 1. (a) 4=
4
(1)
1. In △ACB,
AC 2 = AB 2 + BC 2 (Pyth.theorem)
−9  9 
AC = 45 2 + 60 2 m (b) −9 =  or 
1  −1 
= 5625 m
= 75 m 1 3
∴ The distance between A and C is 75 m. (c) 1 =
2 2

2. x 2 + 3.6 2 = 4.5 2 (Pyth.theorem)

1 16
(d) 3 =
x = 4 .5 − 3 .6 2 2
5 5
= 7.29
= 2 .7 4
(e) 0.4 =
10
2
=
5

Junior Secondary Mathematics in Action 3 © Pearson Education Asia Limited 2021

10 Pythagoras’ Theorem and Irrational Numbers

(f) −2.25 = −2
1 5. − 0.25 = − 25  0.01
4
= − 25  0.01
−9  9 
=  or  = − 52  0.12
4  −4 
= −5  0.1
= −0.5
1 1
2. (a) 10 , 16 , , 3
36 , 3
64 , 3 −
5 512
212 ( 21) 2
(b) yes 6. =
72 (7) 2
3. (a) rational (b) irrational 21
=
7
(c) rational (d) rational =3
(e) irrational (f) rational
16 16
7. =
4. (a) 35 = 5.92 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.) 81 81
4
− 10 = − 3.16 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.) =
9

(b)
1 49
8. 12 =
4 4
5. 13 = 3.6055... 49
=
4
7
=
2
16
6. = 5.3333... and − 22 = −4.6904...
3
9 25
9. − 1 =−
16 16
25
=−
Basic Worksheet 10.6A 16
5
=−
1. 2 2  32 = (2) 2  (3) 2 4
= 23
=6
0.25 0.25  10
10. =
0.81 0.81  10
2. 25 16 = 52  4 2 25
=
= 5  4 2 2
81
= 5 4 25
=
= 20 81
5
=
9
3. 676 = 22  132
= 22  132
= 2  13 9.8 9.8  10
11. − =−
= 26 24.2 24.2  10
98
=−
242
4. − 324 = 22  92 49
=−
=− 2  9 2 2
121
= −2  9 49
=−
= −18 121
7
=−
11

Junior Secondary Mathematics in Action 4 © Pearson Education Asia Limited 2021

10 Pythagoras’ Theorem and Irrational Numbers

25 25
19. − =−
1 1 7 7 7
12. = 
7 7 7 5 7
=− 
7 7 7
=
7 5 7
=−
7
2 2 5 5 7
13. =  =−
5 5 5 7
2 5
=
5 20. (a) Yes (b) No

(c) No (d) Yes

22 22 11
14. = 
11 11 11 (e) Yes (f) No
22 11
=
11
21. 20 = 2 2  5
= 2 11
=2 5

7 7 2
15. = 
2 2 2 22. − 24 = − 23  3
7 2 = − 22  2  3
=
2 = −2 6
14
=
2
23. − 54 = − 2  33
10 10 3 = − 32  2  3
16. − =− 
3 3 3
= −3 6
10  3
=−
3
24. 135 = 33  5
30
=−
3 = 32  3  5
= 3 15
7 7
17. =
3 3
25. 2 8 = 2 23
7 3
=  = 2 22  2
3 3
7 3 =4 2
=
3
21 27 33
= 26. =
3 3 3
32  3
=
15 15 3
18. − =−
2 2 3 3
=
15 2 3
=− 
2 2 = 3
15  2
=−
2
30
=−
2

Junior Secondary Mathematics in Action 5 © Pearson Education Asia Limited 2021

10 Pythagoras’ Theorem and Irrational Numbers

40 40 9. 3 − 27 = 3 − 3 3
27. =
3 3 = (1 − 3) 3
40 3 = −2 3
= 
3 3
40  3 8 + 50 = 2 2 + 5 2
= 10.
3
= (2 + 5) 2
2 10  3
= =7 2
3
2 30
=
3 11. 75 − 12 = 5 3 − 2 3
= (5 − 2) 3
8 8 =3 3
28. − =−
5 5

=−
8

5 12. 2  6 = 26
5 5 = 2 23
8 5
=− =2 3
5
2 2 5
=− 13. 7  28 = 7  28
5
2 10 = 7  ( 2 2  7)
=−
5 = 27
= 14

Basic Worksheet 10.6B

14. 8  2 10 = 2 8  10
1. (a) No (b) Yes
= 2 23  (2  5)
(c) Yes (d) No = 2 22  22  5
= 2 2 2 5
2. 4 5 + 2 5 = (4 + 2) 5
=8 5
=6 5

15. 3 2  6 50 = 3  6 2  50
3. 5 7 − 2 7 = (5 − 2) 7
= 18 2  (2  52 )
=3 7
= 18 22  52
= 18  (2  5)
4. 2 3 + 3 5 + 4 5 = 2 3 + (3 + 4) 5
= 180
=2 3+7 5

20 20
5. 5 3 + 3 7 − 7 3 = (5 − 7) 3 + 3 7 16. =
5 5
= −2 3 + 3 7
= 4
=2
6. 5 + 20 = 5 + 2 5
= (1 + 2) 5
17. 40 2 2  10
=3 5 =
10 10
2 10
=
7. 18 − 2 = 3 2 − 2 10
= (3 − 1) 2 10
=
=2 2 5

8. 63 + 7 = 3 7 + 7
= (3 + 1) 7
=4 7

Junior Secondary Mathematics in Action 6 © Pearson Education Asia Limited 2021

10 Pythagoras’ Theorem and Irrational Numbers

9 3
18. =
8 2 2 2

3
=
2 2
3 2
= 
2 2 2
3 2
=
4

60 60
19. =
45 45
4
=
3
4
=
3
2
=
3
2 3
= 
3 3
2 3
=
3

Junior Secondary Mathematics in Action 7 © Pearson Education Asia Limited 2021