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Relational Database

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Muthu Raman Chinnadurai
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24 views2 pages

Relational Database

Uploaded by

Muthu Raman Chinnadurai
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as TXT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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https://www.sqlservertutorial.

net/sql-server-administration/sql-server-system-
databases/

Relational Database

A relational database uses relations or 2 dimensional tables to store information.

Each table contains data that describes exactly one entity.Because data about
different entities is stored in different tables, you may need to combine 2 or more
tables to answer a particular question.With an RDBMS you can relate the data in one
table to the data in another by using the foreign keys.A foreign key is a column or
a set of columns that refer to a primary key in the same table or another table.

A relational database can contain one or many tables.A table is the basic storage
structure of an RDBMS.

Each row in a table should be identified by a primary key, which allows no


duplicate rows.The order of rows is insignificant; specify the row order when the
data is retrieved.

A primary key must contain a value,and the value must be unique.

A foreign key is a column that defines how tables relate to each other.A foreign
key refers to a primary key or a unique key in the same table or in another table.

A field may have no value in it.This is called a null value.

To access the database,you execute a structured query language (SQL) statement,


which is the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) standard language for
operating relational databases.The language contains a large set of operators for
partitioning and combining relations.The database can be modified by using SQL
statements.

SQL Statements

SELECT :- Retrieves data from the database

Data retrieval

INSERT :- Enters new rows,changes existing rows, and removes unwanted rows from
tables in the database.Collectively known as data manipulation language (DML)
UPDATE
DELETE
MERGE

CREATE :- Sets up, changes, and removes data structures from tables.Collectively
known as data definition language (DDL)
ALTER
DROP
RENAME
TRUNCATE

COMMIT :- Manages the changes made by DML statements.Changes to the data can be
grouped together into logical transactions.
ROLLBACK
SAVEPOINT Transaction control

GRANT :- Gives or removes access rights to both the Oracle database and the
structures within it.Collectively known as data control language (DCL)
REVOKE

To extract data from the db, you need to use SQL SELECT statement.

A SELECT statement retrieves information from the db.Using a SELECT statement,you


can do the following:-

Projection:- You can use the projection capability in SQL to choose the columns in
a table that you want returned by your query.
You can choose as few or as many columns of the table as you require.

Selection:- You can use the selection capability in SQL to choose the rows in a
table that you want returned by a query.
You can use various criteria to restrict the rows that you see.

Joining:- You can use the join capability in SQL to bring together data that is
stored in different tables by creating a link between them.

SELECT Statement

SELECT identifies what columns

FROM identifies which table

Keywords typically are entered in uppercase; all other words, such as table names
and columns, are entered in lowercase.

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