SESSION 22

GERUND OR INFINITIVE?
(TO -V OR V-ING)
1. Khi nào dùng to – V
a. Chỉ mục đích:
I get up early to do my homework.
Cấu trúc tương tự: in order to, so as to

b. Trong một số cấu trúc đặc biệt:

- That/it/there + to be + N + to do
That was a stupid thing to say.
There is lots of work to do.
- Too ... to, so ... to, enough ... to
She’s too young to drive motorbike
She’s not young enough to drive motorbike
I am so happy to see you again.

- It’s adj to do
It’s important to master English.

c. Sau một số động từ

V + to V
afford fail promise
agree hope refuse
aim learn seem
appear manage tend
arrange neglect threaten
attempt offer wait
choose omit wish
decide plan would like/love/prefer
demand prepare
deserve pretend

I decided to take a look at the new computer.

She refused to hand in the report.
Note: I decided not to take a look at the new computer

Instructor: Ms. Trang Page 1

SESSION 22

V + O + to V
dare persuade
encourage remind
force teach
invite tell
order warn
Her father taught her to play the piano.
The teacher reminded the students to revise the lessons at home.
Lưu ý:
want beg
ask help
expect intend ...

có cả tân ngữ đi kèm và không

We wanted to stay longer # We wanted them to stay longer.

2. Khi nào dùng V-ing

- Chủ ngữ của câu
Swimming is very good for you.
- Tân ngữ
My favorite sport is swimming.
- Sau before, after, without, because of, instead of, inspite of, dispite
Before leaving the house, she checked all the windows.
- Khi đi kèm tính từ sở hữu => dùng như danh từ
I don’t mind your coming late (văn trang trọng) => I don’t mind you coming late (trong
văn nói dùng tân ngữ thay cho tính từ sở hữu)
- Trong mệnh đề quan hệ rút gọn
The girl standing next to the bus stop is my girlfriend.
- Trong participle clause with adverbial meaning
Arriving at the party, we saw Jim and his wife at the VIP seats
- Sau một số tính từ
be interested in = be fond of = be keen on
be busy with
be afraid of
be good/bad/excellent/brilliant at

Instructor: Ms. Trang Page 2

SESSION 22

- Sau động từ
V+ V-ing
admit enjoy postpone
appreciate fancy practice
avoid finish risk
confess imagine resist
consider involve suggest
delay keep can’t face
deny mention can’t help
detest mind can’t stand
dislike miss

I enjoy baking cupcakes.

I suggest adding a little lemon juice in the soup.
Can you imagine not having a cell phone nowadays?

V + prep + V-ing
thank for
look forward to
insist on
carry on
feel like
give up
keep on
put off
dream of
succeed in
apologize for

Instructor: Ms. Trang Page 3

SESSION 22 2020

3. To V or V-ing?

- Khác nhau:
To V V-ing
remember/forget to do: nhớ/quên phải remember/forget doing: nhớ/quên là đã làm gì
làm gì
I remember locking the door before I left.
Remember to lock the door before you
I’ll never forget going to school on my own for
leave.
the first time.
Don’t forget to lock the door before you
leave.
try to do: cố gắng làm gì try doing: thử làm gì
She tried to finish the work as soon as she She tried eating the Mexican food.
could
stop to do: dừng lại để làm gì stop doing: dừng việc đang làm lại
She stopped to take a rest She stopping singing when he came in.
mean to do: ý định làm gì mean doing: bao gồm, có nghĩa là
They don’t mean to hurt you. The long journey means staying on the train all
day.
go on to do: dừng 1 việc lại và chuyển go on doing: tiếp tục hành động đang làm
sang việc khác
They went on cycling until they reach the farm.
He went on to tell them how to make a
cake.
regret to do: rất tiếc khi sắp phải làm gì regret doing: tiếc là đã làm gì trong quá khứ
We regret sending the letter to Juliet.

Instructor: Ms. Trang Page 4

SESSION 22 2020

Ex 1: Chia dạng đúng của động từ trong ngoặc

1. I want ---- (finish) work tonight.

2. I hate ---- (wait) for buses in the rain.

3. I’m going to the café ---- (meet) Alex.

4. Sam is really good at ---- (climb)

5. I really need ---- (have) a holiday soon.

6. ---- (park) a car in the centre of town is always really difficult.

7. We miss ---- (live) by the sea.

8. Thank you for ---- (be) so helpful.

9. Don’t forget ---- (lock the door).

10. I enjoy ----- (listen) to the radio while I’m doing the cooking.

11. ---- (share) a flat with friends is cheaper than ----- (live) alone.

12. Let’s go now. I’m worried about ----- (miss) the train

13. It was getting dark when we finished ---- (play) football.

14. They’ve worked very hard ---- (get) this party ready.

15. He refused ----- (help) me.

Ex 2: Put the verb in the gerund or the infinitive

1. --- is really good fun (fly)

2. We stopped at the motorway services ---- something ----- (get/eat)

3. What’s this for? – It’s for ---- vegetables (cook)

4. I can’t get used to ---- before the dawn (get up)

5. I’m sorry about ---- you (not invite)

6. There’s a lot of work ---- on the new building (do)

7. I really love ---- with the children (play)

8. ---- is a good form of exercise (swim)

Instructor: Ms. Trang Page 5

SESSION 22 2020

9. There are some very interesting things ---- in the British Museum (see)

10. You’re lucky you haven’t got a child ---- (look after)

11. We managed ---- the exam by ---- each other every evening (pass/test)

12. Dave decided ---- Sheila for a week or two (not phone)

13. I can’t stand ---- the washing-up (do)

14. I think I’m going to have to give up ---- football (play)

15. It really is time ---- (go)

16. I’ve decided ---- here for another year (not stay)

17. I know the keys are here: I remember ---- somewhere (put them down)

18. We were getting tired, so we stopped ---- lunch (have)

19. I tried ----- some salt, but it didn’t help (add)

20. I’m looking forward to ---- the programme (see)

21. I went home ---- that the children were all right (check)

22. You’re much too young ---- in there (go)

23. I was surprised ---- about the new baby (not hear)

24. We’re very keen on ---- the team (join)

25. It was a very odd thing ---- (say)

26. We decided ---- until the end of the film (not stay)

27. I miss ---- to see my parents every day (be able)

28. They wouldn’t let me ---- in the driving seat (sit)

29. It’s your last chance ----- you’re sorry (say)

30. We agreed ---- any more work (not do)

Instructor: Ms. Trang Page 6

SESSION 22 2020

Ex 3: Complete with the full infinitive or bare infinitive

1. We’d better ---- (tidy) up the kitchen, or mother will be furious!

2. I’ll never ---- (speak) to him again!

3. I haven’t been able ---- (finish) that article.

4. You should ---- (stay) in bed if you’re not feeling well.

5. Students are not allowed ---- (use) the library.

6. Why don’t we ---- (go) to a restaurant tonight?

7. I’d rather ---- (wait) a bit longer if you don’t mind.

8. It was great ---- (hear) from you!

9. Mum made me ---- (clean) my room this morning.

10. You ought ---- (talk) to your boss about this.

11. We’re going to the cinema. Would you like ---- (join) us?

12. I’m really sorry ---- (hear) that your mum isn’t feeling well.

13. Do you think Ralph will let us ---- (borrow) his car?

14. Are you willing ---- (give up) your spare time to help us?

15. I’d better ---- (tell) my parents I’ll be home late tonight.

Instructor: Ms. Trang Page 7