UNIT 3 INTERNET AND ITS

APPLICATIONS
Structure
3.0 Introduction to Internet
3.1 Objectives
3.2 TELNET
3.3 FTP
3.3.l FTP Commands
3.3.2 Steps to get/put Data from an Anonymous FTP Site
3.4 Gopher
3.4.1 Usenet
3.4.2 Classification of News Groups
3.5 Web Browsers
3.6 Search Engines
3.7 Google
3.7.1 Components of Google Search Engine
3.7.2. Search Tips Using Google
3.8 E-mail
3.8.l Steps to Create E-mail Account
3.8.2 Spam Mail
3.8.3 Voice Mail
3.9 Internet Chat Session
3.9.1 Instant Messaging
3.9.2 Voice Chat
3.10 Blog
3.11 Internet Development Tools
3.12 Internet Security and Security Measures
3.13 Summary
3.14 Further Readings

3.0 INTRODUCTION TO INTERNET

Internet is a collection of million of computers and computing devices that are
all connected using wire and wireless technologies with star, bus, ring or mesh
topologies. Internet basically operates on TCP lIP protocol. With help of internet
user can view results of examination, access bank account, view stock market
details, news, sports, etc, Ftp allows user to download/upload files across
multiple sites. Various web browsers provides facilities to search on a specific
topic, have email account, logs, etc., Internet security can be provided by firewall
and antivirus software.

3.1 OBJECTIVES
After studying this unit, the student is expected to be capable of the following:
• knows about TELNET;
62
• knows about FTP; Internet and Its
Applications
• knows about GOPHER;

• will be able to browse Internet;

• use search engines;

• able to give e-mail;

• able to chat;

• create a blog;

• exposure to Internet development tools; and

• exposure to Internet security.

3.2 TELNET
TELNET (TErminal NETwork) is a protocol that enables the user to log on a
different system and use the resources. The different system (remote) can be
located in same building, city, and country or geographically located in another
place of the world. The system where the user works physically (local system)
is called client and the remote system is called host. Therefore, telnet follows
client/server model. To access the .host system, user should know the JP address
of that system. Ifuser has login account-and password on remote system, then
it is called full-privilege telnet session, otherwise user can login as guest and
share resources (files, memory and CPU) Restricted telnet connection is called
anonymous/guest telnet session.

3.3 FTP
FTP(FileTransferProtocol) is a protocol to transfer file(s) from local machine
to remote machine or get file(s). FTP works on a client/server model. On the
local machine FTP client is installed and on the remote machine FTP server is
installed. Many FTP sites allow anyone to log on the server and download
I

related files. Such ftp sites are known as Anonymous FTP. In restricted ftp
sites, user should get login and password from the ftp server system.

3.3.1 FTP Commands

.account, append, ASCII, bell, binary, bye, case, cd, cdup, close, cr, delete, debug,
dir, discount, form, get, glob, hash, help, led, Is, macdef, mdelete, mdir, mget,
mkdir, mls, mode, mput, nmap, ntrans, open, prompt, proxy, sendport, 'put,
pwd, quit, quote, recv, remotehelp, rename, reset, rmdir, runique, send, status,
.struct, sunique, tenex, trace, type, user, verbose.

3.3.2 Steps to get/put data from an Anonymous FTP site

1) FTP to access file in Berkeley education web site. Type ftp

anarres.cs.berkeley.edu at command prompt. Login is anonymous and
password is guest. Anyone can access these files. Figure 3.1 depicts
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successful login.
Practicals - Lab Manual 2

Figure 3.1

2) Help at ftp prompt displays a list of'ftp commands (Figure 3.2).

Figure 3.2

3) Is displays list of files on Berkeley site; Here folders are pub and -ucb
(Figure 3.3).

64 Figure 3.3
"
4) cd pub. Change directory to pub (public) directory and Is displays list of Internet and Its
file on pub directory (Figure 3.4). . Applications

Figure 3.4

5) cd algebra, change directory to algebra. Is -al, displays list of file in long

format (Figure 3.5).

Figure 3.5 65
Practicals .:Lab Manual 2 6) pwd - print/present working directory. Binary to get/put files in binary
mode and ASCII to get/put files in ASCII mode. led to display local
directory path and get MixedVolume gets the file to local directory c:\.
Disconnet to close the connection to Berkeley. put file.txt is valid, provided
the anonymous user can put files on the destination site. Otherwise put is
not valid (Figure 3.6).

Figure 3.6

7) Once the ftp task is done" close/disconnect will close the web site
connection and bye will terminate ftp session (Figure 3.7).

Figure 3.7

3.4 GOPHER
Gopher is a tool to search, download and display related data from various
sites across the world. It is a client/server application similar to any web
browsers. Presently; WWW is used with much more search facilities and options
compared to gopher. A gopher space maintains all the related data of various
fields.

For a gopher session anyone of the following are used:

Browser for Gopher.

66
Client based gopher tool based on the operating system being used. Internet and Its
Applications
Archie - to search a file related to topic of interest. And later downloaded
using FTP.

Veronia - Used to access all gopher space for a search also use other
search engine features.

CWIS - Campus Wide Information Servers. Using gopher servers, data

related to campus of school, university, office, banks, corporates can be
maintained. Now-a-days much sophisticate www tools are used.

WAIS - Wide Area Information Server. Using Veronia detail searching is

not done and contents of documents are not referred. Using WAIS, details
search can be done over more than 10,000 data bases.

3.4.1 Usenet
Usenet is an application tool which enables the user(s) to join the user group(s)
and chat or discuss on any topic of interest. These groups are called Usenet
News Groups. There are more than 7000 Usenet groups. Each usenet site is
maintained by news server and managed by administrator. Newsgroups are
distributed around the globe through news servers.

3.4.2 Classification of News Groups

Comp - computer related features i.e., data bases, architecture, operating
systems, games, etc.,

News - news related network like announce, questions and ans",-ers etc.

Rec - recreational topics like sports, books, cinema, dance, music etc.

Biz - business and management related features.

Soc - society related issues.

sci - Scientific and technical features like physics, mathematics, chemistry,

biology, etc.

talk - group discussion and debate.

alt - wide range of subjects.

mise - miscellaneous topics.

3.5 WEB BROWSERS

An application that runs at user end and facilitates to access many intern et
resources like email, search engine, trainrair reservation, examination results,
net banking, online shopping, etc., Using URL, the corresponding web site is
found. Web browsers operate using HTTP protocol. Browsers support text,
audio, video, animation, etc., features for displaying web pages. Various types
of web browsers are Microsoft Internet Explorer, Netscape Navigator, Mozilla,
Konqueror, Firefox, Safari, Opera, Lynx, etc., With the help of web browsers
usercan access search engines, and access emails and use all the facilities of
internet.
67
Practicals - Lab Manual 2
3.6 SEARCH ENGINES
Search engines provide the facility to search on any topic across many sites in
various formats. Programs called spiders scan web periodically and maintain
latest update in search engines. Search engine operates on the architecture of
search query techniques. Various types of search engines are Alta Vista, Aesop
Search, ASK Jeeves, Direct Hit, Excite, Google, HotBot, Lycos, NorthenLight,
SearcfKing, WebCrawler,Yep,etc., Each search engine is application specific
and google search is wide generally used.

3.7 GOOGLE
Images, Video, Maps, News, Shopping, Gmail etc. are components of
Google search engine.

3.7.1 Components of Google Search Engine

1) Browse to http://www.google.com . Search can be done using in any
regional or national languages like Hindi. Default language is English
(Figure 3.8).

Figure 3.8

2) To search for any image on any topic, click on Images on

http://www.google.com (Figure 3.9).

68 Figure 3.9 .
3) To locate any part of the city in any country across the continents, click Internet and Its
Applications
on Maps on http://www.google.com (Figure 3.10).

Figure 3.10

4) To track latest news in various countries, click on News on

htlp://www.google.com (Figure 3.11).

Figure 3.11

5) With Orkut, user can create a community of friends and share text, audio,
video and instant message. Orkut mobile helps user to communicate
through VoIP (Figure 3.12).

Figure 3.12 69
Practicals - Lab Manual 2 6) Google Scholar is an advanced search engine useful for researchers to
search for articles etc. (Figure 3.13).

Figure 3.13

7) Google Translator will translate text from/to any language (Figure 3.14).

Figure 3.14

. 8) Google YouTube to share, upload and view video clips. Video clips can
be any movie clip, user generated sequence of slides, TV clips or any
clips. YouTube has video clips with audio facilities in built. Browse to
http://www.youtube.com (Figure 3.15)

70 Figure 3.15
3.7.2 Search Tips Using Google Internet and Its
Applications
For searching for any topic user has to type the relevant text and click on
search option. Various options used in google search are:

1) Quotes ("Mega Structures" ) - Searches for exact string Mega Structures

is shown in Figure 3.16.

!,
~,

Figure 3.16

2) Exclude words ( Bio' -Chemistry) - Searches for Bio and not related to
chemistry (Figure 3.17).

Figure 3.17 71
Practlcals - Lab Manual 2 3) Similar words (r-Wireless) - Searches for words like mobile, cell, laptop,
cellular, etc.(Figure 3.18).

Figure 3;18

4) Multiple Words (Quantum OR Nano Computing) - Searches for quantum

or nano computing (Figure 3.19).

72
Figure 3.19
5) Range (Global climate change 2001 ... 2005) - Searches for global climate Internet and Its
change from 2001 to 2005. Applications

6) Define (Define YouTube) - Searches for the definition of YouTube

(Figure 3.20)

Figure 3.20

7) Site Specific (VLSI Design site:.edu)- Searches for VLSI Design in all
educational institutions (Figure 3.21)

Figure 3.21 73
Practicals - Lab Manual 2 8) Link Page (MCA Course: www.ignou.ac.in) - Searches for MCA in ignou
web page (Figure 3.22)

. ,.
lfi,t,?U /le. '"
'<:Ofl'XI'

Co ••
,,.tIlHt ,1-4. t) 1' ••• ,.,.

". nU

Figure 3.22

3.8 E-MAIL
E-mail is Electronic Mail. E-mail works on Simple Network Management
Protocol (SNMP). Using e-rnail we can send text, audio and video files to one
person or a group of persons. Free E-mail can be created in Google, Yahoo,
Hotmail, Netscape, Lycos, etc., the following shows sequence of steps to create
email account in Gmail which is a part ofGoogle.com. To create email account
in yahoo site, hotmail site or any other site same sequence of steps can be
followed
3.8.1 Steps to Create E-mail Account
Steps to create E-mail account in Gmail from Google site:
1) In Internet Explorer or any other web browser, type wwW.google.com and
at top right corner click on sign in option and the'page as shown in Figure
3.23 appears.

•••
74 Figure 3.23
2) Click on Create an account option and fill your personal details, as shown Internet and Its
below. Here first name is Student, last name is IGN. Desired login name Applications
is student, and password is given by user and kept confidential
(Figure 3.24).

_'Ill ,.

'.,,,,.,.,,.

Figure 3.24

3) Security question can be entered as given by gmail or user can have his/
her own question and answer should be giv~n in the below answer option

In case user forgets hislher password, gmail will prompt user this question,
and user should give the correct answer given by him, otherwise gmail
will not access use to login to the system. Word verification meant for
confidentiality, so that no automated tool can create user em ail accourtt
(figure 3.25).

4) After reading terms and conditions, finally user has to click on I accept
create my account option and his email account is created (Figure 3.26).

5)

- 75
Figure 3.25
Practicals - Lab Manual 2

Figure 3.26

Therefore, account of studentign has been created.

The various components of e-mail are explained below:

1) Inbox - Consists of new mail that is not seen and old seen mails in a page.
Inbox is located on left column of gmail. Once the user clicks on the new
mail received, content of the mail is seen on new window (Figure 3.27).

Figure 3.27

2) Compose Mail - Meant of composing a mail to a person or group of

persons. In To: recerver' s email identity([email protected]) is
written.

Subject: Welcome you or any other subject regarding user and content of
message is written

Message Box: Here the content of the message is written and fonts, size and
color can be changed.

Once the message is typed, send button at top of In Box is clicked and message
is send to the receiver (Figure 3.28).
76
Internet and Its
Applications

,
- ..

Figure 3.28

3) Sent Mail- Gives a listofmessages sent by user studentign

(Figure 3.29).

_ .... "
~....

Figure 3.29

4) Trash - Consists oflist of mails deleted (Figure 3.30)

~-
..... ~.
-
. Figure 3.30
77
Practicals - Lab Manual 2 5) Contacts - Helps the user to add user name and their email address,
postal address, phone numbers,etc., of their friends, family members, etc.
(Figure 3.31) .

.•__.... !
-- I

Figure 3.31

6) Settings Change - Click settings option on top fight corner of the window
to,modify/update user account settings (Figure3.32) .

•••• _ ...--.' •• fP'!J\.,.... ••.¥.I'

,....... ·.". ••.,•••
~.n.6l~ai~

..
---
Figure 3.32

3.8.2 Spam Mail

Spam is unsolicited junk email send my commercial companies for advertising
or by any unknown person sending email through know email address. Spam
decreases email traffic due to the capacity of unnecessary email flooding. Few
spam mails can be' detected and for bulky of spam mails it is more difficult to
detect who actually is sending the spam. Web sites provide spam filter to restrict
unnecessary emails to your system.

3.8.3 VoiceMail
Normal e-mail has text, animation and images files. In voice e-mail.fhe user
must record hislher voice and send. When the receiver opens the e-rnail, voice
is heard. At both the ends voice mails need the audio hardware.
78
Internet and Its
3.9 INTERNET CHAT SESSION Applications

Chat is meant forlive discussion using text and multimedia features. On the
left bottom of the window, click on chat option; add user email identity with
whom we want to chat. Confirmation comes from the recipient and the chat
becomes a two way process.

Internet chat provides a facility to have live chat between many persons or
group of persons. It is a multi way chat technique. Internet Relay Chat (IRC)
provides the facility of internet chat. Each chat group has as separate channel
maintained my IRC architecture. It is normally not meant for one-to-one chat.

3.9.1 Instant Messaging

Mainly meant for one-to-one private communication through messengers or
SMS. services in mobile phones. Using instant message text, picture can be
send.

Tools that provide instant message features are Microsoft Messenger, Netscape
AOL Instant Messenger, Yahoo Messenger, etc.

3.9.2 Voice Chat

In instant message we can send message, but in voice chat we can have live
audio communicationbetween two persons or group persons using the features
of IP telephone and VoIP (Voice over IP). Many messenger tools support the
feature of voice chat also.

Let us assume there are two users given below want to login:

1) Student-MCA

2) Student-IGN

For these two users, email account has to be created in any email provider
(yahoo mail, gmail, hotmail, etc.,) and their respective email identity should
be added in each chat options.

1) Figure 3.33 shows a live chat between two students

Figure 3.33
79
Practicals - Lab Manual 2 2) Using left bottom option users can start voice chat and/or video chat. In
this slide, both the systems do not have audio and video peripherals, as
the text appears on the chat area (Figure 3.34).

Figure 3.34

3) Users can use smiley faces for better dialogue (Figure 3.35).

Figure 3.35

4) Above three slides indicate a separate chat window for each user. Here
the chat window is docked out to gmail user, to have full length chat.
Docked option is shown with middle arrow option on right top of chat
window. Once the user minimizes the chat window, it gets docked in to
the gmail window as given in (Figure 3.36).

80 Figure 3.36
Internet anfl Its
3.10 BLOG Applicatr, 'If.

A blog is a type of internet website, usually maintained by an individual or a

small company with frequent entries to descriptions of their interest, events,
news, game, movies or to any person sharing his/her views. Material such as
text, graphics, audio and video can also be shared using blog. Blog is normally
a one way communication, where user gives his ideas or comments on that
blog site. There are various types ofblogs like science blog, social blog, movie
blog, political blog, news channel blogs, etc.

3.11 INTERNET DEVELOPMENT TOOLS

Java - A programming language enables to run applications from internet,
Java applets provide the facility of GUI and audio/video features. Supports
various types of operating systems and it is operating system independent.

Active X - Active X components and controls are downloaded and run on the
computer. Active X supports all features of internet, IE supports Active x
technology.

JavaScript - Script for internet application to create forms, tables and GUI
components. Java script lacks the complexity of programming skills. Java script
can call components create by Java programming.

ASP and .NET also enhances the development of internet.

3.12 INTERNET SECURITY

Computer viruses provide major threat to the system and hamper users work.
Memory and data gets lost and corrupted. Virus slows down CPU and I/O
performance. Virus attack systems data from internet or portable devices like
pen drive, CD/DVD drive, etc.

The solution is to have full updated antivirus software.

Cookies are bits of data put on disk when someone visits web site. Cookies
keep track of user login and password and list of files opened by the user.
Hackers can access the cookies and trace personal details about the person.

The following are some of the security measures possible:

• Access control software - Software should be license certified and

permission should be given to users having login accounts

• Antivirus software - Various types of antivirus and spyware software are

to installed to keep system secure

• Firewall - Acts as a protection between computer and external network.

Firewall can be a combination of hardware and software. It is normally
installed on the servers and routers. List of web sites can be listed in the
firewall table, restricting unwanted programs to access the system.

• User login and password - Only users having login and password should
use the systems. Users should 110tbe given any administrator permission
to modify any files.
81
Practicals - Lab Manual 2 Session-l (3 hours)
Question 1 : Search for information on CIT programme using atleast two
search engines.

Question 2: Download a video related to the topic titled "How to browse

Internet" or any other technical topic of your interest from
Internet.

Question 3 : Create an e-mail account using any website which enables

creation of free e-mail accounts.

Question 4: Create your own blog, include information about the seven
wonders of the world on it.

Question 5 : Chat with any of your friends.

3.13 S·UMMARY
This unit gives practical idea of Internet and their applications. Using FTP user
can download/upload any file from .edu or any other site. Main functionality
of Web Browsers are explained. Various features of Google search engin and
its option are explained with screen outputs. User can try these and get familiar
with google search options. Various steps to create email account in google are
given and the same may be followed for any email provider. Chat, instant
message and voice chat are explained briefly. Definition of blog and its
applications are given. Further, various types of programming development
tools are mentioned briefly to enhance the feature Internet and its applications.
Lastly, Internet securityand various security measures are explained.

3.14 FURTHER READINGS

- Internet 101: A Beginner's Guide to Internet and World Wide Web by
Elizabeth Castro and Wendy G Lehnert; 1998; Addison Wesley
Publications

-How the Internet Works:Millenium Edition by Preston Gralla, Sarah

Ishida, Mina Reimer and Stephen Adams; Techmedia Publications

.- http://www.google.com

- http://www.wikipedia.org

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