ABSTRACT

An electronic voting machine is a convenient and quick method of electing a representative in a

systematic manner. It's a simple technology that's taken the role of traditional ballot sheets for
recording votes. Furthermore, the ballot system failed in big populations, whereas EVMs proved
to be successful and dependable. This project is about a real-time voting machine that was
created with the AT89C51 microcontroller and an assembly language software programme. It is
a real-time operating device with fewer faults and is simple to use. After the votes have been cast,
the result can be obtained quickly by pressing the result button.

OBJECTIVES

Design and Implement a Secure Voting System: Develop a reliable and secure electronic
voting system using an 8051 microcontroller.

Incorporate User-Friendly Interface: Design an intuitive interface with push buttons for voter
input and an LCD display for result visualization.

Implement Security Measures: Implement robust security measures to prevent tampering,

unauthorized access, and fraudulent voting.

Ensure Accurate Vote Counting and Result Display: Develop algorithms to accurately count
votes and display the final results on the LCD.
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION

India is the world's largest democratic country. The public's active participation in the
establishment of the government is an important feature of democratic government. . Elections
in a densely populated country like India are tough to organize. It's a trial run for holding
elections to select candidates to represent the people of the country at various levels. Even
more crucial is the timely release of results. This is necessary for the nation's administration to
be stable and its financial growth to be stable. An EVM (electronic voting machine) is a
solution to all of these issues. Several governments around the world have expressed an interest
in understanding more about the mechanism behind this formidable machine. It has a very
user-friendly interface, is tamper-proof, prevents false voting, and has assisted in eliminating
the time-consuming task of counting. Furthermore, the EVM aids in maintaining vote
confidentiality, and the result is 100% tamperproof. Since its introduction in 1982, electronic
voting machines (EVMs) have shown to be quite useful in India, where they have also grown
in popularity. It is extremely user-friendly because it provides the outcome with only one
button click, and voters only have to press one button to vote.[4] AT89C51 is a high-
performance, low-power 8-bit microcontroller with 4K bytes of programmable flash memory.
The voting total is saved in EEPROM memory. This memory has the advantage of retaining
data even when the power is switched off. The microcontroller has the following capabilities:
128- bit RAM, 32-bit I/O lines, two 16-bit counters/timers, full-duplex UART serial channel,
and on-chip oscillator and clock circuit The CPU is turned off in Idle Mode, while the RAM,
serial port, timers, and interrupt system continue to work. [1]
CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE SURVEY
To gain a comprehensive understanding of the existing research and technological
advancements related to electronic voting machines (EVMs), we conducted a thorough
literature survey. The following table summarizes the key findings from the literature review:

Journal/Conference Title Methods Used Key Inferences

IEEE Transactions on "Securing Electronic Literature review, Discusses various security

Information Forensics Voting Systems: A security analysis threats to electronic voting
and Security Comprehensive systems, including ballot
Survey" stuffing, voter
impersonation, and vote
buying. Proposes security
measures like
cryptographic techniques,
biometric authentication,
and blockchain
technology.

International Journal of "A Secure and Blockchain Explores the use of

Computer Science and Verifiable Electronic technology, blockchain technology to
Information Security Voting System Based cryptography ensure the security,
on Blockchain transparency, and
Technology" verifiability of electronic
voting systems.

International Journal of "A Review of Literature review, Identifies common

Computer Science and Electronic Voting system analysis challenges in electronic
Engineering Systems: Challenges voting systems, such as
and Opportunities" security vulnerabilities,
privacy concerns, and
usability issues. Discusses
potential solutions like
biometric authentication,
zero-knowledge proofs,
and homomorphic
encryption.

Communications of the "The Future of Expert opinions, case Examines the potential
ACM Electronic Voting" studies benefits and risks of evm .
CHAPTER 3
SYSTEM DESCRIPTION
HARDWARE SPECIFICATIONS

Arduino Uno
It is an easy USB interface. This allows interface with USB as this is like a serial device. The
chip on the board plugs straight into your USB port and supports on your computer as a virtual
serial port. The benefit of this setup is that serial communication is an extremely easy protocol
the microcontroller brain which is the ATmega328 chip. It has more number of hardware
features like timers, external and internal interrupts, PWM pins and multiple sleep modes.

Fig .1
Liquid Crystal Display
A liquid-crystal display (LCD) is a flat-panel display or other electronically modulated optical
device that or reflector to produce images in color or monochrome. LCDs are available to display
arbitrary images (as in a general-purpose computer display) or fixed images with low
information content, which can be displayed or hidden, such as preset words, digits, and seven-
segment displays, as in a digital clock

Fig .2
8051 microcontroller

The AT89C51 is a versatile 8-bit microcontroller commonly used in embedded systems. It

features an 8-bit CPU, 4KB of flash memory for program storage, 256 bytes of RAM for data
storage, and various peripherals like timers, counters, and serial communication interfaces. Its
low power consumption, ease of programming, and cost-effectiveness make it ideal for a wide
range of applications, including industrial automation, robotics, consumer electronics, and more.

Fig.3

Crystal Oscillator
A 12 MHz crystal oscillator is an electronic circuit that generates a precise 12 million cycles per
second signal. It utilizes a quartz crystal, which vibrates at a specific frequency when an electric
current is applied. This vibration is amplified and fed back to the crystal, creating a stable
oscillation. This highly accurate timing signal is crucial for the operation of microcontrollers like
the AT89C51, ensuring precise timing for tasks like program execution, data transfers, and
peripheral operations.

Fig. 4
Push Buttons
Push buttons are electromechanical switches that are activated by physical pressure. They
typically consist of a button that, when pressed, closes an electrical circuit, allowing current to
flow. Push buttons are used in a wide range of applications, from simple on/off switches to
complex control systems. They are commonly used in electronic circuits and microcontrollers to
provide user input and control various functions.

Fig. 5
SOFTWARE SPECIFICATIONS

Arduino ide
Arduino is an open-source platform used for building electronics projects. Arduino consists of
both a physical programmable circuit board (often referred to as a microcontroller) and a piece of
software, or IDE (Integrated Development Environment) that runs on your computer, used to
write and upload computer code to the physical board. The Arduino platform has become quite
popular with people just starting , and anyone interested in creating interactive objects or
environments. Arduino can interact with buttons, LEDs, motors, speakers, GPS units, cameras,
the internet, and even your smart-phone or your TV! This flexibility combined with the fact that
the Arduino software is free, the hardware boards are pretty cheap, and both the software and
hardware are easy to learn has led to a large community of users who have contributed code and
released instructions for a huge variety of Arduino-based projects.There are many varieties of
Arduino boards (explained on the next page) that can be used for different purposes. Some
boards look a bit different from the one below, but most Arduinos have the majority of these
components in common.[2]
Circuit diagram of Four Party Electronic Voting Mchine
CHAPTER 4

METHODOLOGY

Hardware Design and Implementation:

STEP 1 : Microcontroller Selection: Choose an AT89C51 microcontroller for its suitable features like
flash memory, RAM, timers, and I/O ports.

STEP 2 : Input and Output Devices:

Input: Six push-button switches: Two for start and stop functions (active low)Four for candidate selection
(active high)

Output: 16x2 LCD display to show voting status, candidate names, and vote counts

STEP 3 : Circuit Design:

Connect the push-button switches to the input ports of the microcontroller.

Connect the LCD display to the output ports of the microcontroller.

Ensure proper power supply and grounding for all components. [3]

Software Design and Implementation:

STEP 1 : Initialization:

Configure the microcontroller's ports and timers for input and output operations.

Initialize the LCD display to clear the screen and set the cursor position.

STEP 2 : Voting Process:

Start:

Monitor the start switch.

When pressed, start the voting process and display a message on the LCD.
STEP 3 : Candidate Selection:

Monitor the four candidate selection switches.

When a switch is pressed, increment the corresponding candidate's vote count.

Display a "Thank You" message on the LCD.

STEP 4 : Stop

Monitor the stop switch.

When pressed, stop the voting process and display the final vote counts for each candidate on the LCD.

Result Display:

Calculate the total number of votes cast.

Determine the winner based on the highest vote count.

Display the final results on the LCD, including the winner's name and vote count. [3]

Hardware model development

CHAPTER 5

CONCLUSION

The development of the Quad Party-Electronic Voting Machine has successfully demonstrated
the feasibility of implementing a reliable and secure electronic voting system using an 8051
microcontroller. The system effectively utilizes push buttons for voter input and an LCD display
for result visualization. By incorporating robust security measures, the Quad Party-Electronic
Voting Machine aims to enhance the integrity of the electoral process. The Quad Party-
Electronic Voting Machine can be further improved by implementing advanced cryptographic
techniques to enhance security, expanding the system to accommodate more candidates and
voters, integrating network connectivity for remote monitoring and result transmission, and
enhancing the user interface with features like audio feedback and visual cues. These
improvements will contribute to the development of a more sophisticated and secure electronic
voting system, modernizing electoral processes.
REFERENCES

[1] Mazidi, M. A., Mazidi, J. G., & McKinlay, R. D. (2021). The 8051 microcontroller and
embedded systems using assembly and C. Dept. of Computer Science and Information
Engineering National Cheng Kung University, TAIWAN

[2] [2] Ali, M. M. (2020). The 8051 Microcontroller and Embedded Systems: Using Assembly
and C. Pearson Education India .

[3] S. M. Ali et al., "Micro-controller based smart electronic voting machine system," IEEE S. M.
Ali et al., "Micro-controller based smart electronic voting machine system," IEEE

[5]Anamika Sen, "Improved Electronic Voting Machine with Real Time Data Analysis",
Foundation of Computer Sciences, 2023.