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Lecture 3

OOP Lecture 3

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15 views15 pages

Lecture 3

OOP Lecture 3

Uploaded by

Noor Ghazi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Object Oriented Programming –

CS/CE 224/272
Nadia Nasir

Habib University, Fall 2024


Content
• Switch statements
• Enum
• Functions
• Cast and type conversion
Switch
• C++ provides switch construct for decisions
• Anywhere you use switch, you can if/else if/else blocks
• However, switch block is a more concise representation
• They are useful when conditions are simple and a variable takes on
predetermined number of values e.g.
Enumerations – named ints
• Enums can be treated as named ints (old way).
• We will consider this
• Modern and better way is to use ‘enum class’
• I will leave this as a reading for you

• Unless specified, the first item in


enum list is assigned a value of 0
implicitly as shown below

enum DAYS {MONDAY = 0, TUESDAY, WEDNESDAY,


THURSDAY, FRIDAY, SATURDAY, SUNDAY};
Enumeration – named ints
• What should happen with the following code?
Casting
• We have seen type conversion in python.
• Casts are used to obtain a different type e.g.
• If you want to convert int type to double type
• Or float type to double type
• There are quite a few casts available in C++.
• For now we will only use ‘static_cast<typename>(var)’
Comparing double and float
• Floating point equal comparisons are unreliable!!

Fall 2023, Page 3


Comparing double and float
• You should compare floating point to a certain precision

• You can read up on other ways to do floating point comparison


Fall 2023, Page 4
Functions revisited

We will come back to functions in this course many times!


Functions in C++ = functions in python
• Functions help organise your code logically
• Prevents duplication of code
• C++ function syntax
Parameter Parameter 3
Function Parameter 1
Function 2 name & name &
Parameter 1 Parameter return Function name & type
return Function 2 name & name type
name & type type
type name type
type

Body of the
function
Declaration vs definition

• A function without body is called a declaration


Note semicolon

• Where is the function body?


Declaration vs definition
• Declaration and definition in one shot
• computeArea is declared prior to call from main. This is what you have seen before
Declaration vs definition
• In LHS code, function declared and defined in one shot
• Error: FUNCTION MUST BE DECLARED before it is called
• In RHS code, function declared first and defined after main
• NoError: because computeArea DECLARED BEFORE the call to main

CODE COMPILES
CODE DOESN’T
COMPILE
Declaration vs definition
• We usually “DECLARE” functions in the header file

• and the function is “DEFINED” in the source file

• Separating declaration and definition


• reduces code pollution hence improves readability
• Improves compile time
• Enables you to hide implementation details

• We will see separating declaration and definitions in different files in


future! But remember this concept
Your Task:

Write a program for the following output using switch case:

Sample output 1: Sample output 2:


------------------------- -------------------------
MENU CARD MENU CARD
1.COFFEE Rs:15 1.COFFEE Rs:15
2.TEA Rs:10 2.TEA Rs:10
3.COLD COFFEE Rs:25 3.COLD COFFEE Rs:25
4.MILK SHAKE Rs:50 4.MILK SHAKE Rs:50
Enter Your choice : 2 Enter Your choice : 4

You have selected Tea Milkshake Flavors:


Enter the quantity : 5 1.Pina Colada Rs:200
2. Strawberry marshmallow Rs: 250
Total amount :50 3. Blueberry cheesecake Rs: 320
4. Vanilla special Rs: 540

Enter Your choice : 2


You have selected Strawberry marshmallow
Enter the quantity : 2

Total amount :500

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