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Speech Forgery Detection Using QML

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sai nadh
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12 views14 pages

Speech Forgery Detection Using QML

Uploaded by

sai nadh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Project Overview

Speech forgery detection aims to identify altered or fake


speech, such as deepfakes or manipulated audio, using
advanced machine learning techniques. Quantum machine
learning (QML) can potentially offer faster and more efficient
solutions compared to classical approaches due to quantum
computing's inherent properties.
Key Components
1. Speech Data Collection:
o Collect a dataset containing both genuine and forged
speech samples. Sources include publicly available
databases like ASVspoof, FakeAVCeleb, or creating
synthetic speech using tools like Google Text-to-
Speech.
2. Preprocessing:
o Convert speech samples to a suitable format
(e.g., .wav).
o Extract features such as Mel-frequency cepstral
coefficients (MFCCs), spectral flux, and pitch using
libraries like Librosa.
o Normalize the data and split it into training,
validation, and test sets.
3. Classical vs. Quantum Machine Learning Models:
o Start with classical models like Convolutional Neural
Networks (CNN) or Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM)
networks to establish a performance baseline.
o Implement QML models such as Quantum Support
Vector Machines (QSVM) or Variational Quantum
Circuits (VQC) using quantum libraries like Qiskit or
PennyLane.
4. Quantum Model Integration:
o Design quantum circuits to process the feature
vectors extracted from speech data.
o Optimize quantum gates to minimize errors and
improve accuracy using techniques like gradient
descent on quantum circuits.
o Train and test the quantum models using a quantum
simulator or actual quantum hardware (if accessible).
5. Forgery Detection Pipeline:
o Create a pipeline that takes in a speech sample,
preprocesses it, and feeds it into the QML model for
classification (genuine or forged).
o Compare the performance (accuracy, speed) of
quantum models against classical counterparts.
6. Evaluation Metrics:
o Use accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, and
confusion matrix to evaluate the models.
o Highlight the advantages of quantum models, such
as faster training times or improved detection
accuracy on complex datasets.
Tools and Technologies
 Programming Languages: Python for data processing,
feature extraction, and model training.
 Quantum Frameworks: Qiskit, PennyLane, or TensorFlow
Quantum for building and training QML models.
 Classical Machine Learning Libraries: TensorFlow,
PyTorch, scikit-learn for initial model development.
 Audio Processing: Librosa for feature extraction from
speech samples.
Potential Challenges
 Quantum Hardware Access: Limited access to real
quantum hardware may require reliance on simulators.
 Model Optimization: Quantum models are still
experimental; tuning them for high accuracy is complex.
 Dataset Limitations: Finding high-quality forged audio
datasets might be challenging.
Expected Outcomes
 A working prototype that effectively distinguishes between
genuine and forged speech samples.
 Performance comparison showing the potential benefits of
quantum machine learning over classical methods in
speech forgery detection.

ALGORITHM
Algorithm for Speech Forgery Detection Using Quantum
Machine Learning
Step 1: Data Collection
1. Collect speech data containing both genuine and forged
samples.
2. Label the samples accordingly (0 for genuine, 1 for
forged).
Step 2: Data Preprocessing
1. Convert Audio to Uniform Format: Ensure all audio
files are in the same format (e.g., WAV, 16kHz, mono).
2. Feature Extraction: Extract audio features such as:
o Mel-frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCCs)
o Chroma features
o Spectral contrast
o Tonnetz
3. Normalization: Scale the extracted features to a range
(e.g., [0, 1]) for consistency.
4. Data Augmentation (Optional): Augment data using
noise addition, pitch shifting, or time-stretching to
increase dataset size and variability.
Step 3: Classical Machine Learning Baseline
1. Train a classical model (e.g., CNN, LSTM) using the
preprocessed features to establish a baseline
performance.
2. Evaluate the model using metrics such as accuracy,
precision, recall, and F1-score.
Step 4: Quantum Feature Mapping
1. Feature Encoding: Encode classical features into
quantum states using methods like:
o Amplitude Encoding
o Basis Encoding
o Angle Encoding (Phase or Rotation-based)
2. Quantum Circuit Design:
o Design a quantum circuit with parameterized
quantum gates (e.g., RX, RY, RZ rotations).
o Use entangling gates (e.g., CNOT, CZ) to capture
complex relationships between qubits.
Step 5: Quantum Machine Learning Model Training
1. Quantum Model Architecture: Create a variational
quantum circuit (VQC) that functions as a quantum
classifier.
2. Loss Function: Define a loss function (e.g., cross-
entropy) for the classification task.
3. Training: Use a hybrid classical-quantum approach:
o Feed classical features into the quantum circuit.
o Use a classical optimizer (e.g., gradient descent) to
minimize the loss by adjusting quantum gate
parameters.
4. Quantum Backpropagation: Compute gradients using
methods like the parameter-shift rule to update the
parameters of the quantum circuit.
Step 6: Model Evaluation
1. Evaluate the trained QML model on a test dataset.
2. Compare the performance of the quantum model with the
classical baseline using the same metrics.
3. Analyze the confusion matrix to identify the model's
strengths and weaknesses in detecting genuine vs. forged
samples.
Step 7: Performance Optimization
1. Optimize the quantum circuit's depth and the number of
qubits to balance performance and computational
efficiency.
2. Fine-tune the feature encoding scheme to maximize
information retention in the quantum states.
Step 8: Deployment
1. Deploy the model in a real-time or batch processing
pipeline for speech forgery detection.
2. Implement a feedback loop to refine the model using new
data and adapt to evolving forgery techniques.
Quantum Circuit Example (Pseudocode)
# Example pseudocode using Qiskit for a
basic quantum classifier

# Import necessary libraries


from qiskit import QuantumCircuit, Aer,
execute
from qiskit.circuit.library import EfficientSU2
from qiskit_machine_learning.algorithms
import VQC

# Step 1: Initialize a quantum circuit


num_qubits = 4 # Number of qubits based
on feature size
qc = QuantumCircuit(num_qubits)

# Step 2: Feature encoding (e.g., angle


encoding)
for i in range(num_qubits):
qc.ry(feature_vector[i], i)
# Step 3: Define a variational ansatz
ansatz = EfficientSU2(num_qubits,
entanglement='linear')

# Step 4: Combine feature encoding and


ansatz
qc.compose(ansatz, inplace=True)

# Step 5: Define a VQC model and train it


vqc = VQC(ansatz=ansatz, feature_map=qc,
optimizer='SPSA')
vqc.fit(X_train, y_train)

# Step 6: Evaluate the model


accuracy = vqc.score(X_test, y_test)
print(f"Model Accuracy: {accuracy}")

This algorithm leverages quantum


computing's potential to explore high-
dimensional spaces and find patterns that
may be missed by classical models. Let me
know if you need further clarifications or
assistance with the implementation!
SAMPLE CODE:

# Required Libraries
import numpy as np
import librosa
from sklearn.model_selection import
train_test_split
from sklearn.preprocessing import
StandardScaler
from sklearn.metrics import accuracy_score,
classification_report, confusion_matrix
from qiskit import QuantumCircuit, Aer,
execute
from qiskit.circuit.library import EfficientSU2
from qiskit_machine_learning.algorithms
import VQC
from qiskit_machine_learning.kernels import
QuantumKernel
from qiskit.utils import QuantumInstance
from qiskit.algorithms.optimizers import
SPSA

# Function to Extract Features from Audio


Files
def extract_features(file_path, n_mfcc=13):
# Load audio file
y, sr = librosa.load(file_path, sr=None)
# Extract MFCC features
mfcc = librosa.feature.mfcc(y=y, sr=sr,
n_mfcc=n_mfcc)
# Compute mean of MFCCs across time
mfcc_scaled = np.mean(mfcc.T, axis=0)
return mfcc_scaled

# Dataset Preparation: Replace with actual


paths and labels
file_paths = ['path/to/real_speech.wav',
'path/to/forged_speech.wav']
labels = [0, 1] # 0 for real, 1 for forged
# Feature Extraction
features = [extract_features(file) for file in
file_paths]

# Convert to numpy array


X = np.array(features)
y = np.array(labels)

# Split Data into Training and Testing Sets


X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test =
train_test_split(X, y, test_size=0.2,
random_state=42)

# Standardize the Features


scaler = StandardScaler()
X_train = scaler.fit_transform(X_train)
X_test = scaler.transform(X_test)

# Define Quantum Circuit for Feature


Encoding
def feature_map_circuit(feature_vector):
num_qubits = len(feature_vector)
qc = QuantumCircuit(num_qubits)
# Angle encoding using Ry gates
for i in range(num_qubits):
qc.ry(feature_vector[i], i)
return qc

# Define the Quantum Model: Variational


Quantum Classifier (VQC)
num_qubits = X_train.shape[1] # Number
of qubits = number of features
ansatz = EfficientSU2(num_qubits,
entanglement='linear') # Variational ansatz
feature_map =
feature_map_circuit(np.zeros(num_qubits))
# Placeholder feature map
# Optimizer for the quantum circuit
optimizer = SPSA(maxiter=100)
# Quantum instance setup with Aer
simulator
quantum_instance =
QuantumInstance(backend=Aer.get_backen
d('aer_simulator'), shots=1024)

# Initialize VQC
vqc = VQC(feature_map=feature_map,
ansatz=ansatz, optimizer=optimizer,
quantum_instance=quantum_instance)

# Training the Model


vqc.fit(X_train, y_train)

# Testing and Evaluation


y_pred = vqc.predict(X_test)

# Performance Metrics
accuracy = accuracy_score(y_test, y_pred)
report = classification_report(y_test, y_pred)
conf_matrix = confusion_matrix(y_test,
y_pred)
# Print Results
print(f"Accuracy: {accuracy}")
print("Classification Report:")
print(report)
print("Confusion Matrix:")
print(conf_matrix)

REQUIRED LIBRARIES :
 Install the required libraries using pip:
bash
“pip install qiskit qiskit-machine-learning
scikit-learn librosa”
Explanation of the Code
1. Feature Extraction: The
extract_features function extracts MFCCs
from audio files and computes the mean
across time frames.
2. Preprocessing: Features are
standardized using StandardScaler to
ensure consistent input for the model.
3. Quantum Circuit: The
feature_map_circuit function creates a
quantum circuit that encodes the feature
vector using Ry rotations.
4. Quantum Model (VQC): The VQC
uses an EfficientSU2 ansatz and SPSA
optimizer to train the quantum circuit.
5. Evaluation: The model is evaluated
on accuracy, precision, recall, and a
confusion matrix.

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