Anx-A

Ser SLO Sec A / B Questions Answer

1. Write some programs using: A Q.1 Write a program that #include <iostream>
• Cin finds out a sum of digits using namespace std;
• Cout of a 4 digit number, say int main() {
• Escape sequences 1234. int n, r1,r2,r3,r4,sum;
• Setw cout<<”Enter any four digit number:”;
cin>>n;
r1=n%10; n=n/10;
r2=n%10; n=n/10;
r3=n%10; n=n/10;
r4=n%10; n=n/10;
sum =r1+r2+r3+r4;
cout<<”Sum of 4 digits number is:”<<sum;
return 0;}
Q.2 This program #include <iostream>
calculates the Body Mass using namespace std;
Index (BMI) given weight int main() {
and height. float weight, height;
cout << "Enter your weight in kilograms: ";
cin >> weight;
cout << "Enter your height in meters: ";
cin >> height;
float bmi = weight / (height * height);
cout << "Your BMI is: " << bmi << endl;
return 0;}
Q.3 Write a program that #include <iostream>
calculates the volume of a using namespace std;
cylinder given its radius int main() {
and height. float radius, height;
const float PI = 3.14159;
cout << "\n Enter the radius of the cylinder: ";
cin >> radius;
cout << "\n Enter the height of the cylinder: ";
cin >> height;
float volume = PI * radius * radius * height;
cout << " \n The volume of the cylinder is: " <<
volume << endl;
return 0;}
Q.4 Write a program to #include <iostream>
calculate the perimeter of using namespace std;
a triangle given the lengths int main() {
of its three sides. float side1, side2, side3;
cout << "Enter the lengths of the three sides of the
triangle: ";
cin >> side1 >> side2 >> side3;
float perimeter = side1 + side2 + side3;
cout << "The perimeter of the triangle is: " << perimeter
<< endl;
return 0;}
Q.5 What will be the OUTPUT:
output of following 25
program segment?
int main() {
int x = 5;
x *= 2 + 3; cout << x
<< endl;
return 0; }
2. i) Explain the use of the A Q.1 Write a program that #include <iostream>
following decision statements: should input a gender (F orusing namespace std;
• If M) and an age (1 to 100) int main() {
• If-else and output a message char gender;
• Else-if “Retirement Age”, if the int age;
• Switch-default input is female and over 50 cout << "Enter gender (F/M): ";
ii) Know the concept of nested if years of age or male and cin >> gender;
iii) Use break statement and exit over 65 years of age, cout << "Enter age (1-100): ";
function otherwise it should display cin >> age;
the message “Not if ((gender == 'F' || gender == 'f') && age > 50) {
Retirement Age” cout << "Retirement Age" << endl;
}
else if((gender == 'M' || gender == 'm') && age>65) {
cout << "Retirement Age" << endl;
} else {
cout << "Not Retirement Age" << endl;
}
return 0; }
Q.2 Write a C++ program #include <iostream>
that determines whether a using namespace std;
given year is a leap year. int main() {
A leap year is divisible by int year;
4, but not by 100, unless cout << "Enter a year: ";
it's also divisible by 400. cin >> year;
if ((year % 4 == 0 && year % 100 != 0) || year % 400 ==
0)
cout << year << " is a leap year." << endl;
else
cout << year << " is not a leap year." << endl;
return 0;
}
Q.3 Create a C++ program #include <iostream>
that asks the user for a using namespace std;
temperature in Celsius or int main() {
Fahrenheit and converts it int choice;
to the other scale based double t,f, celsius;
on user choice. cout << "Choose the conversion:\n
1. Celsius to Fahrenheit\n
2. Fahrenheit to Celsius\n";
cin >> choice;
if (choice == 1) {
cout << "Enter temperature in Celsius: ";
cin >>t;
f = (t * 9.0 / 5.0) + 32;
cout << "Temperature in Fahrenheit: " << f << endl;
} else if (choice == 2) {
cout << "Enter temperature in Fahrenheit: ";
cin >> t;
celsius = (t - 32) * 5.0 / 9.0;
cout << "Temperature in Celsius: " << celsius <<
endl;
} else {
cout << "Invalid choice!" << endl;
}
return 0;
}
Q.4 Write a C++ program #include <iostream>
that converts a given using namespace std;
amount in US Dollars to
Rupees, EUR, GBP, or int main() {
INR based on user choice. double amount;
Use exchange rates: int choice;
1 USD = 0.85 EUR,
1 USD = 278 Rs cout << "Enter amount in USD: ";
1 USD = 3.76 Saudi Riyal cin >> amount;

cout << "Convert to:\n1. EUR\n2. RUPEES

\n3. Saudi Riyal\n Choose an option: ";
cin >> choice;
switch (choice) {
case 1:
cout << "Amount in EUR: " << amount *0.85 <<
endl;
break;
case 2:
cout << "Amount in Rs: " << amount * 277 << endl;
break;
case 3:
cout << "Amount in Riyal: "<<amount *3.76 <<
endl;
break;
default:
cout << "Invalid option!" << endl;
}
return 0;
}
Q.5 Write a program to #include <iostream>
read a number and find using namespace std;
out whether it is a prime or int main() {
composite. int number;
bool isPrime = true;
cout << "Enter a positive integer: ";
cin >> number;

for (int i = 2; i <= number / 2; i++) {

if (number % i == 0)
{
isPrime = false;
break;
}
}
if (isPrime)
cout << number << " is a prime number." <<
endl;
else
cout << number << " is a composite number." <<
endl;
return 0;}
3. Explain the use of the following A Q.1 Write a C++ program #include <iostream>
looping structures: to find the factorial of a using namespace std;
• For given number using a int main() {
• While loop. int num, factorial = 1;
• Do-while cout << "Enter a number: ";
cin >> num;
for (int i = 1; i <= num; i++) {
factorial = factorial * i;
}
cout << "Factorial of " << num << " is: " << factorial
<< endl;
return 0;
}
Q.2 Write a C++ program # include <iostream>
to print natural numbers using namespace std;
from 1 to 10 in reverse int main( )
order { int i;
for (i=10; i>=1; i--)
cout<<i<<" ";
return 0; }
Q.3 Write C++ Program to #include<iostream>
print table of any number. #include<conio.h>
using namespace std;
int main()
{ int i,n;
cout<<"Enter number for which you want to generate
table:";
cin>>n;
cout<<"\n\n";
for(i=1;i<=10;++i) cout<<"\t"<<n<<"*"<<i<<"="<<n*i<<"\n";
return 0;}
Q.4 Write a program that #include <iostream>
takes an integer input and using namespace std;
outputs its reverse.
int main() {
int num, digit, reversed = 0;
cout << "Enter an integer: ";
cin >> num;

while (num != 0) {
digit = num % 10;
reversed = reversed * 10 + digit;
num /= 10;
}

cout << "The reversed number is: " << reversed <<
endl;
return 0;
}
Q.5 Write a program to #include <iostream>
calculate the sum of the using namespace std;
following series using int main() {
while loop: double sum = 0.0;
1/1+1/2+1/3+1/4+…+1/10 int i = 1;
while (i <= 10) {
sum += 1.0 / i;
i++; }
cout << "The sum of the series is: " << sum << endl;
return 0; }
Q.6 Write a program to #include <iostream>
keep asking the user to using namespace std;
enter a positive number int main() {
until the user enters a int num;
valid number. do
{
cout << "Enter a positive number: ";
cin >> num;
if (num < 0)
cout << "Invalid input! Try again." << endl;
}
while (num < 0);
cout << "You entered: " << num << endl;
return 0; }
Q.7 Guessing Game – #include <iostream>
Write a program that will #include <cstdlib> // For rand() and srand()
generate a random #include <ctime> // For time()
number, and the user has using namespace std;
to keep guessing until they int main()
get it right. {
srand(time(0)); // Seed random number enerator
int randomNumber = rand() % 100 + 1; // Random
number between 1 and 100
int guess;
do
{
cout << "Guess the number (between 1 and
100): ";
cin >> guess;
if (guess < randomNumber) {
cout << "Too low! Try again." << endl;
} else if (guess > randomNumber) {
cout << "Too high! Try again." << endl;
}
} while (guess != randomNumber);
cout << "Congratulations! You guessed the number!"
<< endl;
return 0; }
Q.8 Calculate the greatest #include <iostream>
common divisor (GCD) of using namespace std;
two numbers using a do- int main() {
while loop. int num1, num2;
cout << "Enter two numbers: ";
cin >> num1 >> num2;

do {
if (num1 > num2)
num1 = num1 - num2;
else
num2 = num2 - num1;
} while (num1 != num2);
cout << "GCD = " << num1 << endl;

return 0;
}
Q.9 A simple text-based #include <iostream>
calculator that repeatedly using namespace std;
asks the user to perform int main() {
operations until they char choice;
choose to quit. double num1, num2, result;
do {
cout << "Enter first number: ";
cin >> num1;
cout << "Enter second number: ";
cin >> num2;
cout << "Choose operation (+, -, *, /): ";
char op;
cin >> op;
switch(op) {
case '+': result = num1 + num2; break;
case '-': result = num1 - num2; break;
case '*': result = num1 * num2; break;
case '/':
if (num2 != 0)
result = num1 / num2;
else {
cout << "Division by zero is not allowed!" <<
endl;
continue; // Skip to next iteration if division by
zero
}
break;
default:
cout << "Invalid operation!" << endl;
continue; }
cout << "Result: " << result << endl;
cout << "Do you want to perform another
operation (y/n)? ";
cin >> choice;

} while (choice == 'y' || choice == 'Y');

cout << "Calculator closed." << endl;
return 0;}
Q.10 Simulate an ATM #include <iostream>
machine where the user using namespace std;
can withdraw, deposit, or int main() {
check their balance. The double balance = 1000.00; // Initial balance
program should run until int choice;
the user chooses to exit. double amount;
do {
cout << "\nATM Menu:" << endl;
cout << "1. Check Balance" << endl;
cout << "2. Deposit Money" << endl;
cout << "3. Withdraw Money" << endl;
cout << "4. Exit" << endl;
cout << "Enter your choice: ";
cin >> choice;
switch (choice) {
case 1:
cout << "Current balance: Rs << balance <<
endl;
break;
case 2:
cout << "Enter amount to deposit: Rs";
cin >> amount;
balance += amount;
cout << "Deposit successful! New balance: Rs."
<< balance << endl;
break;
case 3:
cout << "Enter amount to withdraw: Rs";
cin >> amount;
if (amount <= balance) {
balance -= amount;
cout << "Withdrawal successful! New
balance: Rs" << balance << endl;
} else {
cout << "Insufficient balance!" << endl;
}
break;
case 4:
cout << "Thank you for using the ATM.
Goodbye!" << endl;
break;
default:
cout << "Invalid choice! Please try again." <<
endl;
}
} while (choice != 4);
return 0;
}
4. 1. Explain how to access and A Q.1 A one-dimensional array is a simple #include <iostream>
write at an index in an array list of elements. using namespace std;
2. Explain how to traverse an Write a program that initializes a one-
array using all loop structures dimensional array, calculates the sum int main() {
of its elements, and displays them. int arr[5] = {10, 20, 30, 40, 50};
int sum = 0;
for(int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
sum = sum + arr[i]; }
cout << "Array elements: ";
for(int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
{
cout << arr[i] << " ";
}
cout << endl;
cout << "Sum of array elements: " << sum << endl;
return 0; }
Q.2 Write a program that finds the #include <iostream>
maximum element in a one-dimensional using namespace std;
array. int main() {
int arr[6] = {12, 45, 23, 78, 67, 89};
int max = arr[0];
for(int i = 1; i < 6; i++)
{
if(arr[i] > max)
{
max = arr[i];
}
}
cout << "Maximum element in the array: " << max
<< endl;
return 0;
}
Q.3 Write a C++ program that reads the #include <iostream>
temperatures for a whole week into an #include <string>
array and then determines the hottest day using namespace std;
of the week.
int main() {
const int DAYS = 7; double
temperatures[DAYS]; // Array to hold the
temperatures
string daysOfWeek[DAYS] = {"Monday",
"Tuesday", "Wednesday", "Thursday", "Friday",
"Saturday", "Sunday"};

cout << "Enter the temperatures for the week:"

<< endl;
for (int i = 0; i < DAYS; i++) {
cout << daysOfWeek[i] << ": ";
cin >> temperatures[i];
}

double maxTemp = temperatures[0];

int hottestDayIndex = 0;

for (int i = 1; i < DAYS; i++)

{
if (temperatures[i] > maxTemp)
{
maxTemp = temperatures[i];
hottestDayIndex = i;
}
}

cout << "The hottest day of the week is " <<

daysOfWeek[hottestDayIndex]
<< " with a temperature of " << maxTemp << "
degrees." << endl;

return 0; }
Q.4 Write a C++ program that reads 5 #include <iostream>
elements and reverses the elements of using namespace std;
an array using a for loop. int main()
{
int arr[5] = {10, 20, 30, 40, 50};
int n = 5; // Size of the array
cout << "Original array: ";
for(int i = 0; i < n; i++)
{ cout << arr[i] << " "; }
cout << endl;
// Reversing the array using a for loop
for(int i = 0; i < n / 2; i++) {
int temp = arr[i];
arr[i] = arr[n - 1 - i];
arr[n - 1 - i] = temp;
}
cout << "Reversed array: ";
for(int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
cout << arr[i] << " ";
}
cout << endl;
return 0; }
Q.5 Write a program that reads 10 #include <iostream>
elements in a list and then sorts the list in using namespace std;
ascending order. int main() {
int arr[10], n=10 ;
for(int i = 0; i < n; i++)
cin>> arr[i] ;

// Bubble Sort algorithm for sorting

for(int i = 0; i < n-1; i++) {
for(int j = 0; j < n-i-1; j++) {
if(arr[j] > arr[j+1]) {
int temp = arr[j];
arr[j] = arr[j+1];
arr[j+1] = temp;
}
}
}
cout << "Sorted numeric list: ";
for(int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
cout << arr[i] << " ";
}
return 0; }
5. 1. Explain how to define and A Q.1 Write a C++ program that initializes a #include <iostream>
initialize a two dimensional 2D array of integers, calculates the sum of using namespace std;
array of different sizes and its values, and displays the result on the
data types screen. int main()
2. Explain how to access and {
write at an index in a two int test[2][3] =
dimensional array {
{1, 2, 3}, // First row
{4, 5, 6} // Second row
};

int sum = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++)
{
for (int j = 0; j < 3; j++)
{
sum += test[i][j];
}
}

cout << "The sum of the values in the 2D array is: "
<< sum << endl;
return 0; }
Q.2 Write a program that will take input for #include <iostream>
the elements of two 3 x 3 matrices, perform using namespace std;
the multiplication, and display the result. int main() {
int matrix1[3][3], matrix2[3][3], result[3][3];
cout << "Enter elements of first 3x3 matrix:" << endl;
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < 3; j++) {
cin >> matrix1[i][j];
}
}
cout << "Enter elements of second 3x3 matrix:" <<
endl;
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < 3; j++) {
cin >> matrix2[i][j];
}
}
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < 3; j++) {
result[i][j] = 0;
}
}
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < 3; j++) {
for (int k = 0; k < 3; k++) {
result[i][j] += matrix1[i][k] * matrix2[k][j];
}
}
}
cout << "Result of 3x3 matrix multiplication:" << endl;
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < 3; j++) {
cout << result[i][j] << " ";
}
cout << endl;
}
return 0; }
Q.3 A two-dimensional array is like a matrix #include <iostream>
with rows and columns. using namespace std;
Write a program that initializes a 2D array int main() {
of 3x3 matrix, calculates the sum of int arr[3][3] = {
elements in each row, and displays the {1, 2, 3},
matrix. {4, 5, 6},
{7, 8, 9}
};
cout << "2D array elements (matrix):" << endl;
for(int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
for(int j = 0; j < 3; j++) {
cout << arr[i][j] << " ";
}
cout << endl;
}
cout << "Sum of each row:" << endl;
for(int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
int rowSum = 0;
for(int j = 0; j < 3; j++) {
rowSum += arr[i][j];
}
cout << "Row " << i + 1 << ": " << rowSum <<
endl;
}
return 0;}
Q.4 Write a program to compute the #include <iostream>
transpose of a 2D matrix. using namespace std;
int main() {
int matrix[3][3] = { {1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6},{7, 8, 9}};
cout << "Original matrix:" << endl;
for(int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
for(int j = 0; j < 3; j++) {
cout << matrix[i][j] << " ";
}
cout << endl;
}
cout << "Transpose of the matrix:" << endl;
for(int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
for(int j = 0; j < 3; j++) {
cout << matrix[j][i] << " "; }
cout << endl;
}
return 0; }
Q.5 Write a program to add two 3 x 3 #include <iostream>
matrices and display the result. Use a third using namespace std;
two-dimensional array to store the result of int main() {
the addition. const int rows = 3;
const int cols = 3;
int sumArray[rows][cols];
int array1[rows][cols] = {
{1, 2, 3},
{4, 5, 6},
{7, 8, 9}
};
int array2[rows][cols] = {
{9, 8, 7},
{6, 5, 4},
{3, 2, 1}
};
for (int i = 0; i < rows; i++)
{
for (int j = 0; j < cols; j++)
{
sumArray[i][j] = array1[i][j] + array2[i][j];
}
}
cout << "Sum of the two 2D arrays:" << endl;

for (int i = 0; i < rows; i++) {

for (int j = 0; j < cols; j++) {
cout << sumArray[i][j] << " "; }
cout << endl;
}
return 0; }
6. 1.Explain how to define a string A Q.1 Write a C++ program to input any #include <iostream>
2. Explain the techniques of string and calculate its length using string #include <cstring>
initializing a string functions. using namespace std;
3. Explain the most commonly int main() {
used string functions char cString[100];
cout << "Enter a string: ";
cin.getline(cString, 100);
int lengthC = strlen(cString);
cout << "Length of the string is: " << lengthC << endl;
}
return 0; }
Q.2 Write a program to search a string #include <iostream>
item out of a list of strings #include <string>
using namespace std;
int main() {
string arr[5] = {"apple", "banana", "grape", "mango",
"cherry"};
int n = 5;
string searchItem = "mango";
bool found = false;

for(int i = 0; i < n; i++) {

if(arr[i] == searchItem)
{
cout << "String item \"" << searchItem << "\"
found at index " << i << endl;
found = true;
break;
}
}

if(!found) {
cout << "String item \"" << searchItem << "\" not
found." << endl;
}
return 0; }
Q.3 Write a program to sort a list of string #include <iostream>
items using strcmp() and strcpy() #include <cstring>
functions. using namespace std;
int main() {
char arr[5][20] = {"banana", "apple", "grape",
"mango", "cherry"};
int n = 5;
char temp[20];
for(int i = 0; i < n-1; i++)
{
for(int j = 0; j < n-i-1; j++)
{
if(strcmp(arr[j], arr[j+1]) > 0)
{
strcpy(temp, arr[j]);
strcpy(arr[j], arr[j+1]);
strcpy(arr[j+1], temp);
}
}
}
cout << "Sorted string list: ";
for(int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
cout << arr[i] << " ";
}
return 0; }
Q.4 Write a C++ program that allows you to #include <iostream>
input 10 student names into a list (array) #include <cstring>
and then search for a particular student’s using namespace std;
name using Linear Search. The program int main() {
takes names as input from the user. The char students[10][50];
program should output name along with char searchName[50]; bool found = false;
index. cout << "Enter the names of the students:" << endl;
for(int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
{
cout << "Student " << i + 1 << ": ";
cin.get(students[i], 50);
}
cout << "Enter the name of the student to search: ";
cin.get(searchName, 50);

// Searching the student name using Linear Search

for(int i = 0; i < 10; i++)

{
if(strcmp(students[i], searchName) == 0) {
cout << "Student " << searchName << " found at
index " << i<< endl;
found = true;
break;
}
}
if(!found) {
cout << "Student " << searchName << " not found
in the list." << endl;
}
return 0; }
Q.5 Write a program that demonstrates the #include <iostream>
concatenation of two strings using string #include <cstring>
function. using namespace std;

int main() {
char str1[100], str2[100], char Str3[200];
cout << "Enter the first string: ";
cin.getline(str1, 100);
cout << "Enter the second string: ";
cin.getline(str2, 100);
strcpy(Str3, str1);
strcat(Str3, str2);
cout << "Concatenated string: " <<Str3 ;
return 0; }
7. i)Pass the arguments: B Q.1 Write a program that inputs two #include <iostream>
• Constants numbers and finds out the larger of two using namespace std;
• By value numbers using function. int findmax (int a, int b)
• By reference {
ii) Use default argument return (a > b) ? a : b;
iii) Use return statement }
int main()
{
int num1, num2;
cout << "Enter two numbers: ";
cin >> num1 >> num2;
cout << "The maximum number is: " <<
findmax(num1, num2) ;
return 0;
}
Q.2 Write program to convert the Celsius #include <iostream>
temperature into Fahrenheit temperature using namespace std;
using function.
double convertt(double celsius) {
return (celsius * 9.0 / 5.0) + 32;
}

int main() {
double celsius;
cout << "Enter temperature in Celsius: ";
cin >> celsius;
cout << celsius << " Degrees Celsius: "<<
convert(celsius) <<" Degrees Fahrenheit."; return 0;
}
Q.3 Write a program to calculate the sum of #include <iostream>
an array of size n using function. A program using namespace std;
asks the user to enter the number of
elements and then passes it to the function // Function to calculate the sum of an array
as argument. int sumArray(int arr[], int size)
{
int sum = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++)
{
sum += arr[i];
}
return sum;
}

int main() {
const int SIZE = 5;
int numbers[SIZE];

// Input elements of the array from the user

cout << "Enter " << SIZE << " numbers: ";
for (int i = 0; i < SIZE; i++) {
cin >> numbers[i];
}

// Call the function and display the result

cout << "The sum of the array is: " <<
sumArray(numbers, SIZE) << endl;

return 0;
}
Q.4 Write a program to find the Least #include <iostream>
Common Multiple (LCM) using a function. using namespace std;
int gcd(int a, int b)
{
while (b != 0)
{
int temp = b;
b = a % b;
a = temp;
}
return a;
}
int lcm(int a, int b)
{
return (a * b) / gcd(a, b);
}

int main( )
{
int num1, num2;
cout << "Enter two numbers: ";
cin >> num1 >> num2;
cout << "The LCM of " << num1 << " and " <<
num2 << " is: " << lcm(num1, num2) << endl;
return 0; }
Q.5 Write a program to find a cube of a int cube(int num)
number using function {
return num * num * num;
}

int main()
{
int number, c;
cout << "Enter a number: ";
cin >> number;
c= cube(number);
cout << "The cube of "<< number <<" is: " << c <<
endl;
return 0;
}
8. Use of local and global variables Q.1 Write a program that defines a global #include <iostream>
constant representing a tax rate. The using namespace std;
program should use a function that
calculates and prints the total price of an const float TAX_RATE = 0.05; // Global constant
item by adding the tax to the local variable
representing the price. void calculatePrice(float price)
{
float totalPrice = price + (price *TAX_RATE);
cout << "Price before tax: \n" << price;
cout << "Price after tax: \n"
<< totalPrice;
}

int main()
{
float price;
cout << "Enter the price of the item: ";
cin >> price;

calculatePrice(price);

return 0;}
Q.2 Write a C++ program that calculates #include <iostream>
the sum and average of three numbers using namespace std;
inside a function. The average is stored in
a global variable, and the sum is returned float average;
from the function. Both the sum and the
average are printed in the main () int Sum(int num1, int num2, int num3) {
function.. int sum = num1 + num2 + num3;
average = sum / 3.0
return sum;
}

int main( )
{
int a, b, c;

cout << "Enter three numbers: ";

cin >> a >> b >> c;

int sum = Sum(a, b, c);

cout << "Sum: " << sum << endl;
cout << "Average: " << average << endl;
return 0; }
Q.3 Predict the output: Sum: 15
int add(int a, int b) {
return a + b;
}

int main() {
int result = add(5, 10);
cout << "Sum: " << result << endl;
return 0;
}
Q.4 What is the output? Value: 15
void printValue(int a, int b = 10) { Value: 20
cout << "Value: " << a + b << endl;
}

int main() {
printValue(5);
printValue(5, 15); arguments
return 0; }

Q.5 Predict the output OUTPUT

#include <iostream>
using namespace std; Square of 4: 16
inline int square(int x) { Square of 5: 25
return x * x;
}
int main() {
cout << "Square of 4: " << square(4) <<
endl;
cout << "Square of 5: " << square(5) <<
endl;
return 0; }
9. Understand the use of function B Q.1 Write a program to sum two and three #include <iostream>
overloading with: numbers of different data types using using namespace std;
• Number of arguments function overloading.
• Data types of arguments int sum(int a, int b)
• Return types {
return a + b;
}

float sum(float a, float b)

{
return a + b;
}

int sum(int a, int b, int c)

{
return a + b + c;
}

float sum(float a, float b, float c)

{
return a + b + c;
}

int main()
{
int x = 5, y = 10;
float p = 3.5, q = 4.5;
cout << "Sum of two integers: "
<< sum(x, y) << endl;

cout << "Sum of two floats: "

<< sum(p, q) << endl;

int a = 1, b = 2, c = 3;
cout << "Sum of three integers: "
<< sum(a, b, c) << endl;

float m = 1.1, n = 2.2, o = 3.3;

cout << "Sum of three floats: "
<< sum(m, n, o) << endl;
return 0;}
Q.2 Write a program that overloads a #include <iostream>
function max() to find the maximum of two using namespace std;
numbers and three numbers.
int max(int a, int b)
{
return (a > b) ? a : b;
}

int max(int a, int b, int c)

{
return (a > b && a > c) ? a : (b > c ? b : c);
}

int main() {
int x = 5, y = 10, z = 3;

cout << "Maximum of " << x << " and " << y << " is: "
<< max(x, y) << endl;
cout << "Maximum of " << x << ", " << y << ", and "
<< z << " is: " << max(x, y, z) << endl;

return 0;}
Q.3 Write a program that overloads a #include <iostream>
function area() to calculate the area of a using namespace std;
circle, rectangle, and triangle.
double area(double radius)
{
return 3.14159 * radius * radius;
}

double area(double length, double width)

{
return length * width;
}

double area(double base, double height, int dummy)

{
return (0.5 * base * height);
}

int main() {

double radius = 5.0, length = 10.0, width = 4.0, base =

6.0, height = 3.0;

cout << "Area of circle: " << area(radius);

cout << "Area of rectangle: "
<< area(length, width);
cout << "Area of triangle: " << area(base, height, 0);
return 0; }
Q.4 Write a program that overloads a #include <iostream>
function calculate() to calculate the square using namespace std;
of one number and the cube of two
numbers. int calculate(int num) {
return num * num;
}

int calculate(int num1, int num2) {

return num1 * num2 * num2;
}
int main() {
int x = 3, y = 2;
cout << "Square of " << x << ": " << calculate(x) <<
endl;
cout << "Cube with " << y << " base: " <<
calculate(x, y) << endl;

return 0; }
Q.5

10. Know the use of reference B Q1.Write a program to display the #include <iostream>
operator ( & ) address and the value of a variable using using namespace std;
Know the use of dereference pointer
operator ( * ) int main() {
Declare variables of pointer
int num = 25;
types
Initialize the pointers int* ptr = &num;
cout << "Address of num: " << ptr << endl;
cout << "Value of num: " << *ptr << endl;
return 0;
}
Q2. Write a program to initialize pointer include <iostream>
variable and modify value of variable using namespace std;
using pointer. int main() {
int num = 15;
int* ptr = &num;
cout << "Original value of num: " << num << endl;
*ptr = 25; // Modifying the value of 'num' using
pointer
cout << "Value of num after modification: " << num
<< endl;
return 0;
}
Q3. Show the output of the following: OUTPUT:

int main() { Value of num: 10

int num = 10; Value of ptr: 0x7fffd0000000 (address of num)
Value pointed to by ptr: 10
int *ptr = &num;
cout << "\n Value of num: " << num ;
cout << "\ n Value of ptr: " << ptr;
cout << "\ nValue pointed to by ptr: " <<
*ptr
}
Q4. Predict the output: OUTPUT:

int main() { Before increment: 7

int num = 7; After increment: 8:
int* ptr = &num;
cout << "Before increment: " << num <<
endl;
(*ptr)++;
cout << "After increment: " << num <<
endl;
return 0;}

Q5. Modify the following code so that it int main() {

increments the value of num by 5 using a int num = 7;
cout << "Before increment: " << num << endl;
pointer:
int main() { int* ptr = &num;
int num = 7;
*ptr += 5
cout << "Before increment: " << num <<
endl; cout << "After increment: " << num << endl;
int* ptr = &num;
return 0; }
(*ptr)++;
cout << "After increment: " << num <<
endl;
return 0; }

11. Q1. Design a class called Circle with a #include <iostream>

 Declare object to access B
private data member for the radius. using namespace std;
• Data members
Include public member functions to set the
• Member functions class Circle {
radius, calculate the area, and display it.
 Understand and access
private:
specifier:
• Private double radius;
• Public public:
 Know the concept of data
hiding void setRadius(double r)
{
radius = r; }
double calculateArea()
{
return 3.14 * radius * radius; }
void displayArea() {
cout << "Area of Circle: " << calculateArea() <<
endl;
}
};
int main() {
Circle c;
c.setRadius(5.0);
c.displayArea();
return 0;
}
Q2. Write a program to create and display #include <iostream>
student object with data members as using namespace std;
name, age and class. class Student {
private:
string name; // Data member for name
int age; // Data member for age
string studentClass; // Data member for class
public:
// Public member function to set student details
void setDetails(string n, int a, string c) {
name = n;
age = a;
studentClass = c;
}
// Public member function to display student details
void displayDetails() {
cout << "Student Name: " << name << endl;
cout << "Student Age: " << age << endl;
cout << "Student Class: " << studentClass <<
endl;
}
};
int main() {
Student student1; // Creating an object of class
Student

// Setting student details

student1.setDetails("Jawad", 16, "10th Grade");

// Displaying student details

student1.displayDetails();
return 0;
}
Q3. Create a class Rectangle with private #include <iostream>
data members for length and width. Write using namespace std;
public member functions to set the
dimensions and calculate the area. class Rectangle {
Demonstrate this with two objects of the private:
class. int length;
int width;
public:
void setDimensions(int l, int w) {
length = l;
width = w;
}
int calculateArea() {
return length * width; // Calculating area
}
};
int main() {
Rectangle rect1, rect2; // Creating two objects
rect1.setDimensions(5, 3);
rect2.setDimensions(7, 4);
cout << "Area of Rectangle 1: " <<
rect1.calculateArea() << endl;
cout << "Area of Rectangle 2: " <<
rect2.calculateArea() << endl;
return 0;
}
Q4. Program to manage student grades #include <iostream>
with data members for name, subject, and using namespace std;
grade. class Student {
private:
string name; // Student name
string subject; // Subject name
char grade; // Grade

public:
// Function to set student details
void setDetails(string n, string s, char g)
{
name = n;
subject = s;
grade = g;
}
// Function to display student details
void displayDetails() {
cout << "Student Name: " << name << endl;
cout << "Subject: " << subject << endl;
cout << "Grade: " << grade << endl;
}
};
int main() {
Student student1;
student1.setDetails("Alia", "Mathematics", 'A');
student1.displayDetails();
return 0; }
Q5. Program to manage product details #include <iostream>
with data members for product name, using namespace std;
price, and stock status. use classes and class Product {
objects to model real-world situations, private:
string productName;
double price;
bool inStock; // Stock status
public:
// Function to set product details

void setDetails(string name, double p, bool stock)

{
productName = name;
price = p;
inStock = stock;
}

// Function to display product details

void displayDetails() {
cout << "Product Name: " << productName <<
endl;
cout << "Price: $" << price << endl;
cout << "Availability: " << (inStock ? "In
Stock" : "Out of Stock") << endl;
}
};

int main() {
Product product1;
product1.setDetails("Wireless Headphones",
99.99, true);

product1.displayDetails();
return 0; }
12. Define constructor and Q1.. Write a C++ program that defines a #include <iostream>
destructor class Box that has a constructor to using namespace std;
• Default constructor/destructor initialize its dimensions and calculate its
• User defined constructor volume. class Box
• Constructor overloading {
private:
double length;
double width;
double height;

public:

Box(double l, double w, double h)

{
length = l;
width = w;
height = h;
}

double volume() {
return length * width * height;
}
};

int main() {
Box myBox(3.5, 2.0, 1.5);

cout << "Volume of the box: " << myBox.volume();

return 0; }
Q2. Write a program to create a class #include <iostream>
Circle with a data member radius. Use a using namespace std;
parameterized constructor to initialize the
radius. Also, create a function to calculate class Circle {
and display the area of the circle. private:
double radius; // Data member for radius

public:
// Parameterized constructor
Circle(double r)
{
radius = r; // Initializing radius
}
// Function to calculate and display area

void displayArea() {
double area = 3.14 * radius * radius;
cout << "Area of Circle: " << area << endl;
}
};

int main() {
Circle circle(5.0); // Creating an object with a radius
of 5.0
circle.displayArea(); // Display the area
return 0;
}
Q3. Write a program to create a class #include <iostream>
Student that can be initialized using two using namespace std;
different constructors: one for initializing
name and age, and another for initializing class Student {
only name (default age as 18). private:
string name;
int age;

public:
// Constructor for name and age
Student(string n, int a) {
name = n;
age = a;
}

// Constructor for name only (default age 18)

Student(string n) {
name = n;
age = 18; // Default age
}

// Function to display student details

void displayDetails()
{
cout << "Name: " << name << ", Age: " << age <<
endl;
}
};

int main()
{
Student student1("Alia", 20); // Using 1st
constructor
Student student2("Bushra"); // Using 2nd
constructor

student1.displayDetails();
student2.displayDetails();

return 0; }
Q4. Write a program to calculate the area
of two rectangles using both a default #include <iostream>
constructor and a parameterized using namespace std;
constructor.
class Rectangle {
private:
double length;
double width;

public:
// Default constructor
Rectangle() {
length = 1.0; // Default length
width = 1.0; // Default width
}

// Parameterized constructor
Rectangle(double l, double w) {
length = l;
width = w;
}

double area()
{
return length * width;
}
};

int main() {
// Create an object using the default constructor
Rectangle rect1;
cout << "Area of rectangle 1 (default): " <<
rect1.area() << endl;

// Create an object using the parameterized

constructor
Rectangle rect2(4.0, 5.0);
cout << "Area of rectangle 2 (parameterized): " <<
rect2.area() << endl;

return 0;
}
Q5. Write a program to create a class #include <iostream>
Triangle with data members base and using namespace std;
height. Use a constructor with default
arguments to initialize the values. Also, class Triangle {
create a function to calculate and display private:
the area float base;
float height;

public:
// Constructor with default arguments
Triangle(float b = 5.0, float h = 10.0) {
base = b;
height = h;
}

// Function to display the area of the triangle

void displayArea() {
cout << "Area of Triangle: " << (0.5 * base *
height) << endl;
}
};

int main() {
Triangle tri1; // Uses default values
Triangle tri2(6.0, 8.0); // Uses custom values

tri1.displayArea(); // Display area of tri1

tri2.displayArea(); // Display area of tri2
return 0;
}
13. B Q1. Write a program to open a file named #include <iostream>
 Open the file and write the following lines into a file: #include <fstream>
• Modes of opening file Hello, World! using namespace std;
 Know the concept of
• BOF Welcome to file handling in C++. int main() {
• EOF ofstream file("output.txt", ios::out);
if (file.is_open())
{
file << "Hello, World!" << endl;
file << "Welcome to file handling in C++." <<
endl;
file.close();
} else
{
cout << "Error opening the file!" << endl;
}
return 0; }
Q2. Write a C++ program that copies the #include <iostream>
contents of a file ABC.txt to another file #include <fstream>
XYZ.txt. using namespace std;

int main() {
string line;
ifstream inputFile("ABC.txt");
ofstream outputFile("XYz.txt");

// Check if the input file is open

if (!inputFile) {
cout << "Error opening ABC.txt!" << endl;
return 1; // Exit with error code
}

// Check if the output file is open

if (!outputFile) {
cout << "Error opening XYz.txt!" << endl;
return 1;
}
while (getline(inputFile, line))
{
outputFile << line << endl; // Copy each line from
ABC.txt to XYz.txt
}

inputFile.close();
outputFile.close();
return 0; }
14. Write a program to create and read B #include <iostream>
a data file
Q1. Write a program to write any five
single character to a file. #include <fstream>
Use the following streams using namespace std;
• Single character
• String int main() {
ofstream file("single_char.txt", ios::out);

if (file.is_open()) {
char ch;
cout << "Enter 5 characters to write to the file: "
<< endl;
for (int i = 0; i < 5; ++i) {
cin >> ch;
file.put(ch); // Write a single character to the
file
}
file.close();
cout << "Characters written to file successfully."
<< endl;
} else {
cout << "Error opening the file!" << endl;
}

return 0;
}
Q2. Write a program to read a file #include <iostream>
character by character and display the #include <fstream>
read characters on screen. using namespace std;
int main() {
ifstream file("example.txt");

if (!file.is_open()) {
cout << "Error opening the file!" << endl;
return 1;
}

char ch;
cout << "Reading the file character by character:" <<
endl;

while (!file.eof())
{
file.get(ch);
cout << ch << " ";
}

file.close();
cout << endl << "End of file reached!" << endl;
return 0;}

Q3. Write a program that inputs a string #include <iostream>

and then writes string to a file. #include <fstream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
ofstream file("string.txt", ios::out);

if (file.is_open()) {
string input;
cout << "Enter a string to write to the file: ";
getline(cin, input);
file << input << endl;
file.close();
cout << "String written to file successfully." <<
endl;
} else {
cout << "Error opening the file!" << endl;
}
return 0; }

Q4. Write a program to read string from a #include <iostream>

file and display it on a screen #include <fstream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
ifstream file("string.txt", ios::in);

if (file.is_open()) {
string line;
cout << "Reading string from file: ";
while (getline(file, line))
{ cout << line << endl;
}
file.close();
cout << "File read successfully." << endl;
} else {
cout << "Error opening the file!" << endl;
}

return 0;
}