Brief description of Gas turbine

Two numbers of gas turbine units (GI-301, GI-401) manufactured by Hitachi

Ltd. Japan, as per design of General Electric Company U.S.A are installed
here.
ISO base rating of the machine are 25,280 kW (for type-6 natural gas at the
ambient condition 101.3 kPa, 15 ͦC & 60 % relative humidity for 8760 hrs of
run and 25 starts per annum average).
ISO peak rating of the machine are 27,130 kW (for type-6 natural gas at the
ambient condition 101.3 kPa, 15 ͦC & 60 % relative humidity for 2000 hrs of
run and 500 starts per annum average).
Design data:
Type & form: PG 5361
Rating (natural gas): 18,020 kW
Altitude: 162 meters from sea level
Compressor stage: 17
Turbine stage: 2
Turbine speed: 5100 rpm
Generator speed: 3000 rpm
Starting system: 500HP diesel engine
Accessory gear: type A500
Control system: Speedtronic mark VI control and Interface is mark VIe
Performance at site condition of (976 milibar) at 46 ͦC on simple cycle mode
with type-6 natural gas at different ambient temperatures. (Inlet guide
vane modulation is not done during simple cycle mode operation).
Expected parameters:
Net power output at generator terminal: 18,320 kW
Inlet temperature: 46◦C
Exhaust temperature: 514◦C
Air flow: 101 kg/sec Exhaust gas flow: 101.7 kg/sec
Firing temperature: 957 ◦C (At exhaust of 1st stage nozzle as per GE design)
Heat rate: 3414 Kcal/kW-hr
Pressure loss in the inlet system: 139.7 mmWC
Pressure loss in the exhaust system: 114.3 mmWC
Fuel consumption: 7214 Nm3/hr
Fuel consumption in the heat value: 62.55 x 106 kcal/hr
Gross power developed including power fed to the compressor is around 65
MW but net power available at the turbine shaft coupling after deducting
compressor input power is 25.28 MW.
Description of the major components of gas
turbine unit
Air compressor unit:
Gas turbine is equipped with an axial air compressor having 17 stages. It is
capable of developing a relatively high compressor ratio in a single casing
and ensures adequate air supply to the combustors. Air is sucked through
suction filters unit to remove dust and the suspended material from air.
Necessity of removing these atmospheric contaminants drawn in with
compressed air is to reduce fouling erosion and physical damage to the
compressor blades.
Filter house is multistage, low velocity, EPA (Efficient particulate Air) filter
which subscribe to EN 779:2002 standard, with inclined hood with mesh to
arrest big foreign particles and restrict ingress of rain water. Air sucked
through this filter house goes via inlet duct to the suction of air compressor
through inlet guide vanes.
During initial starting and stopping/tripping of the compressor, inlet guide
vane is rotated to 42◦ position so that load on compressor is less. Also the
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bleed valve provided at 10th stage is kept opened during starting and
stopping to avoid surging in the compressor.
When the machine reaches full speed to 95%, automatically inlet guide
vane IGV rotated to full position and the bleed valve closes. If the inlet
guide vane modulation is selected then opening of the IGV varies with the
load of the machine to maintain high exhaust temperature during part load
for waste heat recovery.
In the compressor system, cooling and sealing air is developed at three
locations: the 4th compressor stage, the 10th compressor stage & the
compressor discharge. A portion of the air is extracted from the 4 th stage
compressor (which is at around 1.1 kg/cm2 pressure at the full load) and
piped both directly and through the turbine shell and exhaust frame
support struts to the after surface of the 2nd stage turbine wheel. This air
cools the portion of the shell surrounding the 1st and 2nd stage nozzle and
turbine wheels & also cools the exhaust frame support struts which are in
the hot gas exhaust stream.
The 10th stage air, comparatively of higher temperature than 4th stage and
at pressure 3.7 kg/cm2, is piped externally through bleed valves to the
exhaust plenum. This air is also fed through the 2nd stage nozzle vane to
cool the vanes, the after surface of the 1st stage wheel rim, and the forward
surface of the second stage wheel rim. A portion of the 10th stage air is used
at the bearing no.1&2 assemblies to provide an air pressure seal for bearing
lube oil.
Compressor discharge air is channeled internally to the forward surface of
the first stage wheel and through the blades of the first stage nozzle. This
air is also piped externally through a filter and an air control valve (20CB) to
the actuating piston of the 10th stage bleed valves. Air from the compressor
discharge is also piped to the control diaphragm of the false start drain
valve in the fuel oil system. When full compressor discharge pressure is
there, false start drain valve is in closed position. When turbine trips and
compressor discharge pressure is not there it automatically open these
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drain valves. Compressor discharge air is also piped to the atomizing air
system.
At the gas turbine start up and at speed below 95% value (20CB) vents the
discharge air to atmosphere by keeping the bleed valves in open and the
10th stage air is vented to the exhaust plenum to avoid compressor surge.
When the gas turbine exceeds 95% speed a signal from the Speedtronic
control system, actuates valve (20CB).Compressor discharge air is then
routed to the bleed valve actuators to close the valves and stop compressor
bleed to the exhaust plenum. Tenth stage compressor bleed valve position
limit switches 33CB-1 & 2 are connected to the Speedtronic control to take
care of the interlock function between starting and stopping of the machine
and position of these valves. Compressor discharge pressure transmitter
96CD is also connected to the Speedtronic control system.
Variable inlet guide vanes
The variable inlet guide vanes (in conjuction with 4th and 10th stage air
extraction) permit, fast smooth acceleration of the turbine without
compressor surge(pulsation). a hydraulic cylinder , mounted on the base
cross member , actuates the inlet guide vanes through a large ring gear and
multiple small pinion gears. at startup , the vanes are set at 42 ◦ and when
the turbine accelerates to 95% speed, the vanes are rotated to 85 ◦ position.
When the turbine is tripped, the vanes are immediately rotated to the 42 ◦
position and the variable inlet guide vanes are modulated to maintain high
exhaust temperature during part load for waste heat recovery.
Combustion system
In a gas turbine installation, combustors are the critical components having
direct bearing on the operation and the life of the turbine. They are
essentially a direct fired air heater in which fuel is burnt to the supply heat
energy to the gas turbine cycle.
High pressure air from the compressor discharge is introduced to the ten
numbers of combustors in a reverse flow manner through various ports and
louvers located in the combustor liners.
This ensures preheating of the air, efficient combustion and subsequent
dilution of combustion products with excess air to achieve the desired gas
temperature at the inlet of the first stage turbine nozzle. The combustors
are designed to keep pollution level of NOX to minimum.
Main components are:
1. Liner assembly
2. Fuel nozzle
3. Igniter
4. Cross fire tubes
5. Transition piece

1. Combustion chamber and liner assembly

This assembly is the device in which the fuel from the fuel nozzle is
burnt prior to being diverted to the turbine. The combustion chambers
are designed to admit a fraction of the available air into the combustion
zone where fuel is injected for combustion.
The hot combustion gases are then mixed with the remaining air in the
dilution zone to form a resultant mixture at temperature tolerable to
the turbine inlet section metal. The performance of the combustor has a
great influence on the performance of machine and its maintenance.

2. Fuel nozzle
The fuel nozzle imparts a flow pattern to the fuel gas to ensure efficient
combustion. The flow pattern of fuel gas aerodynamically stabilizes by
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the lean gas combustion zone with a vortex generated by an air nozzle
surrounded by the fuel nozzle.

3. Igniter
The igniters are used for the initial ignition of the fuel air mixture during
start up of the gas turbine. Once flame is established, the flame is self
sustaining and the spark plug retracts from the flame zone to prevent
burning of the electrodes.

4. Cross fire tubes

This gas turbine is having 10 combustors, but is provided with igniters in
only two combustors. During start up, when these combustors light up,
the flame from the ignited chambers travel through the inter-connecting
tubes known as cross fire tubes to the adjacent chamber due to the
pressure differential between the fired and the unfired chambers.
The method of cross firing helps to eliminate individual spark plugs for
each combustor units. The flame propagation to all chambers is virtually
instantaneous. Ultra violet type of flame detectors are provided to
monitor the flame from two of the chambers where flame is stabilized
through cross fire tubes.

5. Transition pieces
This piece links the combustion chambers to the turbine first stage
nozzle and provided the flow path for hot gas. They are critically joined
between the combustion chamber and the turbine nozzle end and are
subjected to the highest gas temperature. To ensure constant cooling of
the components, compressor discharge air is directed to pass around
these pieces prior to its entry to the combustion chamber. Such an
arrangement provides cooling of the transition pieces as well as
preheating of the combustion air.

Turbine section
Power required to drive the compressor, various auxiliaries and the load
package is supplied by a two stage turbine which converts heat energy
to kinetic energy by the high temperature gas which comes from the
combustion section. The first stage or high pressure wheel and the
second stage or low pressure wheel are bolted together to make up a
single unit through which the first and second stage nozzles direct the
flow of combustion gases. These components, with associated air seals
and deflectors are contained within the turbine shell. The first stage
nozzle assembly consists of air foil shaped portions between an inner
and outer sidewall.
The nozzle assembly is divided into segments, with the segments fixed in
a retaining ring assembly sustained in the turbine shell by a clamping
ring. The nozzle assembly is air cooled, air being extracted from
compressor intermediate stages. The second stage nozzle and
diaphragm assembly is located between the first and second stage
turbine wheels.
Turbine rotor assembly consists of turbine to compressor distance piece
and the first and the second stage turbine wheels and buckets. Turbine
wheels are forged of high temperature alloy steel. Second stage wheel is
forged with a stub shaft on which the journal and sealing surface is
machined for the number 2 bearing and its oil seal. At the stub shaft end
there is a flange to couple the shaft to the driven device. The buckets
have pine tree axial type dovetails at the root.
Bearing system
The gas turbine unit has two sets of main bearing, one located in the
inlet casing and the other located in the exhaust frame, both support
the compressor /turbine rotor. The no.1 bearing assembly actually
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contains three bearing, loaded thrust, unloaded thrust and journal.
The no.2 bearing assembly contains only a journal bearing. The bearing
assembly consists of oil seal assemblies, an oil ring and the housing
which surrounds the assemblies.
The main turbine bearing are pressure lubricated by lube oil supplied
from the lube oil header. The lube oil from the main header flows
through branch lines to an inlet in each bearing housing. The high
pressure oil feed piping runs within the low pressure tank drain line or
drain channels as a protective measure. This is referred to as double
piping.
In the event of high pressure oil leakage, it will not be sprayed. Bearing
are having oil seals at the end where air packing is given to stop oil
leakage along the shaft.

Lubricating oil system:

The Purpose of the lube oil system is as follows:
1. To supply proper lube oil pressure and temperature to the each
equipment (e.g. acc, load coupling & bearing).
2. To control the auxiliary lube oil pump and emergency lube oil pump
which supply lube oil pressure during startup, rated condition and
shutdown of the gas turbine.
Lubrication of the gas turbine power plant is accomplished with a forced
feed lube oil system complete with tank,pumps,cooler,filter,valves and
miscellaneous control and protective devices. the lube oil is circulated to
the two main bearing of the gas turbine, various turbine accessories ,
flexible coupling and load equipment. a portion of the oil is diverted,
and filtered for use by the various hydraulic control devices and function
as hydraulic control oil. for starting, a reasonable viscosity is needed for
reliable operation of control system and for the lubrication of the
bearings. the lube oil pumps take their suction from the oil tank and the
control oil pumps take their suction from bearing header. it is necessary
that the oil be regulated to the proper predetermined pressure in order
to meet the requirements of the main bearing and the accessory lube oil
system as well as the hydraulic control trip oil circuit.
All lubricating oil is filtered and cooled before being piped to the bearing
header with 5μ filteration and addition filteration down to 0.5μ for
control oil to the gas fuel sytem.
The lube oil system has three lube oil pumps as follows:
1. The main pump is a positive displacement type pump,mounted in,
and driven by, the accessory gear.
2. An auxiliary lube oil pump, driven by A.C.(88QA) motor.
3. An emergency pump, driven by D.C. (88QE) motor.
Main lube oil pump:
This is a positive displacement pump driven by the turbine through
accessory gear train. During normal operation of the machine this
pumps meets the requirement of the lube oil for turbine, generator,
reduction gear, accessory gear and the other related equipments.The
output pressure to the lube oil system is limited by a pressure relief
valve (VR-1) to 4.5 kg/cm2.
Auxiliary lube oil pump:
A vertical centrifugal pump driven by A.C. motor of 45 kW rating is
located inside the reservoir. Purpose of this pump is to meet the
lubricating oil requirement of the gas turbine during start up, shut down
and the cool down operations when main oil pump is not available.
Discharge pressure of main oil pump and auxiliary lube oil pump (AOP)
is maintained at 4.5 kg/cm2 by the help of a relief valve VR-1 which
operates at 4.5± 0.14 kg/cm2.
Major operations and functions of lube oil systems are as follows:
1. To divert a portion of oil through 5μ filter, this diverted oil acts as
control oil (hydraulic trip circuit oil).
2. To provide oil in the suction of the charge pump for torque
converter.
3. To provide lubricating oil for the turbine and generator bearing.
4. To provide lubrication to accessory gear box and load gear box.
5. To provide a portion of oil to the suction of hydraulic ratchet pump.
6. To provide a portion of oil to diesel engine control system.
7. To provide a portion of oil to the suction of hydraulic oil pump this is
connected with accessory gear box.
8. To provide lubrication of gear coupling provided between accessory
gear box and turbine and load side.
Bearing lubricating oil header pressure is maintained around 1.75
kg/cm2 by lube oil pressure regulating valve VPR-2 and bearing
lubricating oil is passed through lube oil cooler to maintain oil
temperature around 55 ͦC oil temperature is maintained by
controlling the cooling water drain valve VTR-1.
Emergency lube oil pump:
When AC power is not available(for black startup), the DC emergency
pump provides backup for the AC auxiliary pump as follows. At
turbine start up , the DC emergency pump starts automatically. The
pump will continue to run after 40% gas turbine speed(14HA) if the
system pressure has not reached the setting of the pressure switch
(63QN).
Lube oil filters:
filters are used in the lube oil piping system to assure a clean supply
of oil to the bearing, coupling accessories, and load equipment.
the main lube oil filter, mounted on the lube oil tank cover, provides
a nominal 5μ filteration for the bearing and accessory feed header.
oil which is used for the hydraulic trip circuit (control oil) is also
filtered to a nominal 5μ.
coupling oil filter(s) provide a nominal 0.5μ filteration for the lube oil
of accessory coupling and load coupling.
Control oil system:
The purpose of control oil system is as follows:
1. To control the fuel gas stop/speed ratio and control valve.
2. To supply proper oil pressure to machine protection circuit of the
gas turbine.
Discharge pressure of main oil pump and auxiliary lube oil pump is
around 4.5 kg/cm2. A portion of oil is diverted as control oil. Control
oil pressure is around 3.6 kg/cm2. This pressure is maintained by
control oil supply pressure regulating valve VPR-1 and pass through
filters of 5μ size provided in the line. By this control oil hydraulic
dump valve is kept in open position. If by any means loss of this
control oil circuit pressure to almost zero, causing the piston of fuel
shutoff valve to drop shutting off fuel flow to the gas turbine and
leading to total stoppage of gas turbine. Draining of control oil takes
place when tripping occurs. This control oil supplied from the lube oil
system is connected to the low pressure trip oil circuit through an
orifice, and supplies oil to the gas turbine overspeed trip valve,
manual emergency trip or by actuation of solenoid 20FG-1 due to
some protection operating.The diaphragm operated regulating valve
(VPR-2) is installed upstream of the lube oil coolers.This valve
maintains the bearing header at design pressure.
Hydraulic oil system
The purpose of the hydraulic system
1. To supply proper hydraulic pressure to actuate the hydraulic
cylinders of the ratchet assembly, starting clutch, inlet guide vane
control ring and gas stop ratio control valve.
2. To control the ratchet pump which is used to rotate the gas
turbine rotor.
Hydraulic oil pump is being driven by accessory gear box. Hydraulic
oil pump take suction from lube oil system and delivers at a pressure
of around 85 kg/cm2 through a strainer of 100 mesh and then
through filters of 0.5μ size. A relief valve (VR-21) is provided in this
system, which does not allow pressure increase beyond 105 kg/cm 2.
Major functions of the hydraulic oil are:
1. Operation of inlet guide vane (IGV).
2. Controlling of gas fuel.
In the inlet guide vane IGV control system, an inlet guide vane
control servo valve (90TV) is fitted which gets electrical impulse from
Inlet guide vane IGV modulation system and accordingly hydraulic oil
is drained and inlet guide vane IGV opening and closing takes place.
Main control of gas turbine i.e. speed control, load control or
start/stop control is done by varying the quantity of gas fuel which is
being fired in the combustion chambers. This fuel quantity control is
done with the help of gas stop ratio and control valve, which is
control by hydraulic oil.
In the case of fuel gas system, gas control valve GCV, servo valve
65GC gets electrical signal from the control system and accordingly
hydraulic oil is drained and opening of gas control valve GCV is
decided. Another servo valve 90SR which is servo for stop/speed
ratio valve SRV actuates the stop/speed ratio valve by draining a part
of hydraulic oil and maintains upstream gas pressure 14 kg/cm2.

GAS TURBINE SAFETY DEVICE :

CO2 fire extinguishing system

The purpose of the CO2 fire extinguishing system is to detect the fire
in gas turbine generator area and extinguish the fire.
The carbon dioxide fire extinguishing system extinguishes fire by
reducing the oxygen content of the air in the compartment from the
atmospheric normal 21% to less than 15% which is an insufficient
concentration to support combustion. The CO2 is supplied from a
group of high pressure cylinders to a distribution system which
carries the CO2 through pipes to discharge nozzles located in the
various compartment of the gas turbine package.
The release mechanism opens the carbon dioxide cylinders and
initiates the discharge of CO2. This mechanism is automatically
actuated by an electrical signal from the heat sensitive fire detectors
which are strategically located in the various compartment of the
unit. The system may also be manually actuated in the event of an
electrical power failure. Actuation of the CO2 system either
electrically or manually, will trip the turbine. Two separate systems
are used. One is initial discharge & other is extended discharge.
Within a few second after actuation, sufficient CO2 is piped from the
initial discharge system into the compartments of the machine for
rapidly building up an extinguishing concentration.
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This concentration is maintained for a prolonged period of the time
by the gradual addition of more CO2 from the extended discharge
system.
There is sufficient CO2 in the system to compensate for leakage
through ventilation dampers gaps & unavoidable gaps in the package
lagging, but there is not enough to allow for uncontrolled escape of
CO2 through open panels or doors.
Following six fire detectors are provided:
1. In accessory compartment two fire detectors 45FA-1, 2.
2. In gas turbine compartment two fire detectors 45FT-1, 2.
3. In exhaust plenum one fire detector 45FT-5.
4. In generator one fire detector 45FG.
All the above temperature switches are connected to the
Speedtronic control.
CO2 in a concentration sufficient to extinguish fire creates an
atmosphere that will not support life. It is extremely hazardous to
enter the compartments after the CO2 system has been discharged.
Anyone who becomes unconscious by the CO2 should be rescued as
quickly as possible & revived immediately with the artificial
respiration.
Gas detectors
Gas detectors are provided at strategic location within the enclosures.
If any gas detector senses a concentration of 20% of the lower
explosion limit LEL of gas/air mixture, an annunciation will be provided
and additional ventilation fan 88BA-2 will be automatically started in
order to change air rate in the compartment. If any gas detector senses
a concentration of 60% of the lower explosion limit LEL of gas/air
mixture, the gas turbine will be tripped.
Gas detectors are connected as follows:
1. Two gas detectors 45HA-1, 2 are provided in accessory
compartment.
2. Two gas detectors 45HT-1, 2 are provided in the turbine
compartment.

Heating & ventilation system

The purpose of the heating and ventilation system is:
1. To ventilate the accessory compartment and the turbine
compartment during the gas turbine operation.
2. Heating of the unit to prevent freezing of moistures on the
equipments installed in the gas turbine package during the gas
turbine stoppage period.
Accessory and the turbine compartments are ventilated by a fan 88BA-1
mounted in the turbine compartment in the base frame. This fan starts
when the gas turbine is fired and continues to run even after turbine
shutdown takes place for removing residual heat. Fan shuts off when
the turbine compartment temperature below (50±3) ͦC.
Air is drawn in to the accessory compartment by the ventilation fan
through two openings in the accessory compartment roof. This air is
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forced in to the turbine compartment by the ventilation fan & then exits
through two opening in the shaft position of the turbine compartment
roof.
This turbine installation with CO2 fire protection system is provided with
another interlock of closing of the inlet and outlet dampers for
ventilation during operation of CO2 system. Ventilation openings are
fitted with CO2 operated latch dampers. When the CO2 system is
activated, the latches release, allowing the dampers to close by gravity,
thus preventing the escape of CO2.
Space heater provided in the accessory compartment 23HA and in the
turbine compartment 23HT are started when the gas turbine stops
rotation (14HR pick up) and continues to run until turbine starts.
Two temperature switches 26BT-1 & 26BT-2 are fitted in the turbine
compartment which is used for giving alarm at high turbine
compartment temperature i.e. around 180±3◦C and other for stopping
of the ventilation fan in the shutdown sequence at 50±3◦C. The above
temperature switches are connected to the speedtronic system.
Supervision during starting and normal
operation

Starting system:
1. Lubricating oil level in the diesel engine to be checked during
starting time or at fixed interval.
2. Leaks to be detected and rectified.
3. During starting diesel engine speed under load condition i.e. in
turbine cranking mode to be checked whether normal or not.
4. Leaks in the cooling system of diesel engine to be checked and
rectified. Belt tension to be adjusted as per requirement.
5. In air system of diesel engine air filters to be cleaned, air line
connections to be tightened, crankcase breather is to be
inspected.
6. Mechanical condition of starting system to be checked during
operation, for any knocking, vibration, overheating etc. Diesel
engine starter to be checked.
7. It is preferable that before stopping of gas turbine, starting means
is checked in test mode so that restart can be ensured.
8. Unusual noise, high temperature and oil leaks to be checked
investigated and rectified.
Combustion system:
1. Proper functioning of exhaust thermocouple, ultraviolet type
flame detector to be checked.
2. Exhaust temperature spread to be checked and this will give
an indication of the condition of the combustion system. It is
recommended stopping the turbine if the difference reaches
45◦C or changes 20◦C from the last reading.
3. Maximum turbine wheel space differential temperature
allowed in a wheel space cavity is 85◦C.
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4. Maximum turbine wheel space temperature allowed is 465 ◦C
in the startup first hour and 430◦C in the steady state after one
hour operation.
Lubricating oil system:
1) Level of the lube oil tank to be checked for any abnormal
increase or decrease.
2) Lubricating oil header pressure is to be checked regularly.
Alarm is provided at 0.8 kg/cm2 and trip at 0.6 kg/cm2.
3) Pressure drop across filter in the lube oil system to be
monitored regularly and filter should be changed over as
soon as it reaches around 1.0 kg/cm2.
4) Temperature in the lube oil in the bearing drains to be
checked. A temperature rise of 33 ͦC over the lube oil inlet
temperature is permissible.
Gas fuel system:
Pressure drop across strainer to be checked regularly and to be cleaned
when pressure differential approaches 0.5 kg/cm2.
Temperature control system:
Reading of the exhaust temperatures along with compressor discharge
pressure and turbine wheel space temperatures to be monitored on
regular basis and deviations if any, to be investigated.
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High pressure hydraulic supply system and other
protection system:
1) General condition of working of main hydraulic supply pump (shaft driven)
to be checked for noise, oil leaks etc.
2) Differential pressure across filter should be monitored and filter cartridge
to be change over when differential pressure approaches 4.2 kg/cm 2.
3) Oil leakage from solenoid valve 20FG, overspeed trip mechanism, manual
emergency trip mechanism to be checked regularly.
4) Hydraulic trip system (control oil pressure) to be checked regularly and
pressure to be recorded.
5) Continuous oil flow from bearing drain to be checked on regular basis by
sight glass.
Other auxiliary system:
1) During starting operation the functioning of the 10th stage bleed valve to
be checked for smooth operation.
2) Proper functioning of the temperature control valve for lube oil heat
exchanger.
3) Vibration checking to be done regularly and if it is more than 7.6
mm/sec troubleshooting actions are to be taken and at 12.7 mm/sec
vibration, corrective actions are to be taken to minimize vibration.
Tripping occurs at 25.4 mm/sec.
Inlet air filtration system for GTG
The purpose of this system is to supply clean air to the gas turbine compressor.
Inlet air filtration systems are essential on any gas turbine. Filtration systems have
evolved from simple coarse solid particulate removal systems to complex systems
that remove both solid and liquid particles. The development of filtration systems
has progressed because gas turbines have become increasingly sensitive to the
particles that enter the gas turbine. This is due to increased operating
temperatures and decreases in machine tolerance in modern turbines. The
modern filtration system has multiple stages which are selected for the specific
environment and application.
The selection of the inlet filtration system is an important part of the design of a
gas turbine. Poor quality inlet air can significantly impact the operation,
performance, and life of the gas turbine. Some of the consequences of poor inlet
filtration are fouling, erosion, and corrosion. In order to minimize gas turbine
degradation, a sufficient amount of effort should be invested to properly design
and operate the inlet filtration system
M/S Freudenberg Filtration technology India Pvt. Ltd. is the supplier of newly
installed multi stage, low velocity, and Fine filtration system. Filter system
installed in Aonla subscribe to EN 779:2002 standard.
Advantages with new filtration system:
1. Optimum pressure drop
2. Better heat transfer
3. Fine Filtration
4. Moisture removal
System Description
Weather louvers or hoods and trash screens are the most simplistic of the
filtration mechanisms but they are important in order to reduce the amount of
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moisture and particles which enter the main filtration system. These are not
classified as filters, but they provide assistance in removal of large objects or
particles carried in the flow stream.
Pre filters
Prefilters are used to increase the life of the high efficiency filter by capturing the
larger solid particles. This allows the high efficiency filter to only remove the
smaller particles from the air stream which increases the filter life. Prefilters
normally capture solid particles greater than 10μ. At our site pre filter
accommodates 130 long pocket type G35 SL (1/1) filters. These filters are of class
G4 and F6.Maximum associated operational pressure drop is 46 mmWC.
Pre filters are arranged in inclined configuration to avoid direct spillage of rainfall
and dust inside.
Mist Eliminator
In environments with high concentration of liquid moisture in the air, mist
eliminator is required in order to remove the liquid moisture. The mist eliminator
works by catching the small water droplets in its fibers. As the particles are
captured, they combine with other particles to make larger water droplets. Mist
eliminator is designed to allow the droplets to drain down the filter. Basic
purpose is to separate water droplets from air. It operates for a low pressure drop
of 25 mmWC. T60 (1/1) type filters are used. Filters are of class G4.
Fine filters
As discussed above, there are filters for removing larger solid particles which
prevent erosion and FOD. Smaller particles which lead to corrosion, fouling, and
cooling passage plugging are removed with high efficiency filters. These types of
filters have average separations greater than 80%.120 pocket filters of F9 class
are installed. Maximum pressure drop associated is 46 mmWC.