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fandamental concepts of web development

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20 views47 pages

fandamental concepts of web development

Uploaded by

mrai48851
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Fundamental concepts of web development

Web Development

1. What is Web Development 2. History and Evolution of Web Development

3. What is Web Development 4. History and Evolution of Web Development

5. Front-end Development 6. Server-side Programming Languages

7. Web Design Principles 8. Web Development Tools and Technologies

9. Web Security Best Practices 10. Web Performance Optimization

11. API Development and Integration


01
What is Web Development
Definition of Web Development

01 02 03

Web development refers to the process of It involves various disciplines such as web Web developers use programming languag
designing, creating, and maintaining websi design, web programming, and web conte es like HTML, CSS, and JavaScript to build i
tes or web applications. nt management. nteractive and user- friendly websites.
Role of Web Developers

Web developers play a crucial role in creatin They collaborate with web designers to ensu Web developers are responsible for ensurin
g and maintaining websites by writing code re the website's visual aesthetics and user e g that the website is compatible across diffe
and implementing design elements. xperience are aligned. rent devices and browsers.
02
History and Evolution of Web Development
Early Web Development Technologies

In the early days of web development, simple HTML pages were cr


eated using basic text editors.

Table- based layouts were commonly used to structure web pages.

JavaScript was introduced to add interactivity and dynamic elemen


ts to websites.
Advancements in Web Technologies

With the advent of server-


side scripting languages like
PHP and ASP, websites becam
The introduction of CSS (Casc The rise of content managem
e more dynamic and interacti
ading Style Sheets) allowed f ent systems (CMS) simplified
ve.
or more flexible and efficient website development and ma
website styling. nagement.
03
What is Web Development
Definition of Web Development

01 02 03
Web development refers to the process of d It involves various disciplines such as web de Web developers use programming language
esigning, creating, and maintaining websites sign, web programming, and web content m s like HTML, CSS, and JavaScript to build inte
or web applications. anagement. ractive and user- friendly websites.
Role of Web Developers

01 01 01
Web developers play a crucial role They collaborate with web designe Web developers are responsible fo
in creating and maintaining websit rs to ensure the website's visual ae r ensuring that the website is com
es by writing code and implementi sthetics and user experience are al patible across different devices an
ng design elements. igned. d browsers.
04
History and Evolution of Web Development
Early Web Development Technologies

In the early days of web dev Table- JavaScript was introduced to


elopment, simple HTML pag based layouts were commonl add interactivity and dynami
es were created using basic y used to structure web pages. c elements to websites.
text editors.
Advancements in Web Technologies

O1 The introduction of CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) allowed for more flexi
ble and efficient website styling.

O2
With the advent of server-
side scripting languages like PHP and ASP, websites became more dyna
mic and interactive.

O3 The rise of content management systems (CMS) simplified website dev


elopment and management.
05
Front-end Development
HTML (HyperText Markup Language)

01 02 03
15

Introduction to HTML Basic Structure of HTML HTML Elements and Tags


HTML stands for HyperText Markup Language. Every HTML document starts with a doctype declarati HTML elements are the building blocks of web p
HTML is the standard markup language used for cr on indicating the HTML version. ages and are represented by tags.
eating web pages and applications. The HTML document is enclosed within the <html> el Tags are enclosed in angle brackets (<>) and indi
It provides a structure for content presentation on ement, which acts as the root element. cate the purpose or type of an element.
the World Wide Web. The <head> element contains metadata about the do
Most HTML elements consist of an opening tag,
HTML uses a set of elements and tags to define th cument, such as the title and character encoding.
The <body> element holds the visible content of the content, and a closing tag.
e structure and layout of a web page. Some elements are self-
web page, including text, images, and multimedia.
closing and do not require a closing tag.
CSS (Cascading Style Sheets)

Introduction to CSS CSS Syntax and Selectors


CSS stands for Cascading Style Sheets. CSS rules consist of a selector and a declaration block.
CSS is a style sheet language used for describing the presentation Selectors specify which elements the styles should be applied to.
of a document written in HTML. Declaration blocks contain a list of property-
It allows developers to control the appearance and layout of multi value pairs that define the styles.
ple web pages simultaneously. CSS supports various types of selectors, including element, class, a
CSS separates the content and structure of a web page from its vis nd ID selectors.
ual design.

CSS Properties and Values


CSS properties determine the visual appearance of HTML elements.
Each property has a corresponding value that defines how the property should be applied.
CSS properties control factors such as colors, fonts, sizes, margins, and borders.
CSS supports a wide range of properties and values to achieve desired visual effects.
JavaScript

Introduction to JavaScript Variables and Data Types in JavaScript Control Flow and Loops in JavaScript

JavaScript is a high- Variables in JavaScript are used to store an Control flow refers to the order in which state
level, interpreted programming language pri d manipulate data. ments are executed in a program.
marily used for web development. JavaScript has several built- JavaScript provides control flow statements lik
It allows developers to add dynamic and inter in data types, including numbers, strings, b e conditionals (if/else) and loops.
active elements to web pages. ooleans, objects, and arrays. Conditional statements allow developers to ex
JavaScript can be used for processes like form ecute different blocks of code based on condit
Variables can be declared using the var, let,
validation, animations, and data manipulatio ions.
or const keywords. Loops, such as for and while loops, enable rep
n.
JavaScript is a dynamically- etitive execution of a block of code.
It is supported by all modern web browsers a
nd is essential for creating dynamic web appli
typed language, meaning that variables ca
cations. n hold values of any type.
06
Server-side Programming Languages
Introduction to Server-side Programming Languages

Explaining the concept of serv Discussing the role of server- Highlighting the importance of
er- side programming languages i server-
side programming languages. n web development. side programming languages i
n handling server requests and
generating dynamic content.
PHP (Hypertext Preprocessor)

Introducing PHP as a popular server- Discussing the origins and history of P Highlighting the features and advanta
side programming language. HP. ges of PHP in web development.
Python

Introducing Python as a versatile server- Highlighting the use cases and advantages of Pyt
side programming language. hon in back- end development.

01 02 03

Discussing the popularity and community support


of Python.
Node.js

01 02 03

Introducing Node.js as a server- Discussing the benefits of using Ja Highlighting the features and adva
side JavaScript runtime environm vaScript on the server- side. ntages of Node.js in scalable and r
ent. eal- time web applications.
Databases

Introduction to Databases
Explaining the concept of databases and their role in web development.
Discussing the importance of databases in storing and retrieving data.
Introducing the different types of databases, including relational and NoSQL databases.

Relational Databases
Introducing relational databases and their use in structured data storage.
Discussing the concept of tables, rows, and columns in relational databases.
Explaining the use of SQL (Structured Query Language) for interacting with relational databases.

NoSQL Databases
Introducing NoSQL (Not only SQL) databases and their use in handling unstructured and semi- structured data.
Discussing the advantages of NoSQL databases in scalability and performance.
Exploring different types of NoSQL databases, including document, key- value, columnar, and graph databases.
Web Frameworks

Introduction to Web Frameworks


Explaining the concept of web frameworks and their role in web application development.
Discussing the benefits of using web frameworks for rapid development and code reuse.
Introducing the concept of Model- View- Controller (MVC) architecture commonly used in web frameworks.

Django (Python Web Framework)


Introducing Django as a high- level Python web framework.
Discussing the features and advantages of Django in building robust and scalable web applications.
Highlighting the use of Django's ORM (Object- Relational Mapping) for database interaction.

Ruby on Rails (Ruby Web Framework)


Introducing Ruby on Rails as a popular web framework written in Ruby.
Discussing the principles and philosophy behind Ruby on Rails.
Highlighting the productivity and ease of development offered by Ruby on Rails.
07
Web Design Principles
User Experience (UX) Design
Introduction to UX Design
Explaining the concept of User Experience (UX) Design.
Describing the role of UX Design in creating satisfying user experiences.
Discussing the importance of understanding user needs and behavior in UX Design.

Usability and Accessibility


Explaining the concepts of usability and accessibility in web design.
Discussing the importance of designing websites that are easy to use and navigate.
Highlighting the significance of accessibility in ensuring equal access to information for all users.

Wireframing and Prototyping


Describing the process of wireframing in UX Design.
Explaining the purpose of creating low-
fidelity wireframes to represent the structure and layout of a website.
Discussing the benefits of prototyping in UX Design to simulate user interactions and gather feed
back.
Responsive Design

Flexible Grids and Layouts


Explaining the use of flexible grids and layouts in responsive
design.
Discussing how flexible grids allow content to adapt to differ
ent screen sizes.
Highlighting the benefits of flexible layouts in creating visual
ly pleasing and user- friendly websites.

Media Queries
Explaining the use of media queries in responsive design.
Discussing how media queries allow websites to apply different sty
les based on the characteristics of the user's device.
Highlighting examples of media queries for targeting specific scree
n sizes or device features.

Introduction to Responsive Design


Explaining the concept of responsive design in web developm
ent.
Discussing the need for websites to adapt to different screen
sizes and devices.
Highlighting the benefits of responsive design in improving us
er experience and increasing accessibility.
Web Accessibility

Introduction to Web Accessibility WCAG Guidelines

01 Explaining the concept of web accessibility.


Discussing the importance of designing websites that ar
e inclusive and accessible for users with disabilities.
Highlighting the impact of web accessibility laws and reg
02 Explaining the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG).
Discussing the different levels of accessibility conformance defi
ned by WCAG.
Highlighting key WCAG guidelines for creating accessible websi
tes.
ulations.

Assistive Technologies

03
Explaining the role of assistive technologies in web accessibility.
Discussing examples of assistive technologies such as screen readers
, magnifiers, and alternative input devices.
Highlighting the importance of designing websites that work well wi
th assistive technologies.
08
Web Development Tools and Technologies
Text Editors and Integrated Development Environments (IDEs)

Atom
A highly customizable text editor developed by G
itHub.
Built on web technologies, allowing developers t
Visual Studio Code o easily modify the editor.
Provides a wide range of plugins and packages to
A lightweight yet feature- enhance functionality.
Sublime Text rich source code editor developed by Microsoft.
A popular text editor known for its speed and si Supports a wide range of programming language
mplicity. s and frameworks.
Features a wide range of plugins and packages th Features an intuitive user interface, integrated te
at enhance productivity. rminal, and debugging capabilities.
Offers powerful editing capabilities, including mu
lti- caret editing and split editing.
Version Control Systems

Git
A distributed version control system widely used in software development.
Facilitates collaboration and tracks changes made to files over time.
Enables branching and merging workflows, ensuring project integrity.

GitHub
A web- based hosting service for Git repositories.
Offers features such as code review, issue tracking, and project management tools.
Provides a platform for open- source contributions and collaboration.

Bitbucket
Another web- based platform for hosting Git repositories.
Offers similar features to GitHub, with additional support for Mercurial repositories.
Provides integration with other Atlassian products like JIRA and Confluence.
Task Runners and Build Tools

Grunt Webpack
Gulp
Another popular task runner that automate A module bundler widely used in moder
s tasks in the development process. n web development.
Configured using JavaScript and a declarati
A task runner that automates repetitive ta
sks in the development workflow. Allows developers to bundle, optimize,
ve approach. and manage front- end assets.
Provides a large ecosystem of plugins to str Allows developers to create and manage t
Offers features like code splitting, hot m
eamline development workflows. asks using a JavaScript- based approach.
odule replacement, and tree shaking.
Offers a wide range of plugins for tasks lik
e file optimization, testing, and more.
Deployment and Hosting

01 02 03
Content Delivery Networks (CD
FTP (File Transfer Protocol) Cloud Hosting Services
Ns)
A standard network protocol used to tr Platforms that provide scalable and reli Distributed networks of servers that del
ansfer files between a client and a serv able hosting solutions in the cloud. iver content to users based on their geo
er. Examples include Amazon Web Services graphic location.
Often used for deploying websites and t (AWS), Microsoft Azure, and Google Cl Improves website performance by cachi
ransferring files to web servers. oud Platform. ng and serving static assets from server
Offers secure file transfer capabilities, b Offer a variety of services, such as virtu s closer to the user.
ut lacks advanced features and automat al machines, managed databases, and s Examples include Cloudflare, Akamai, a
ion. erverless computing. nd Amazon CloudFront.
09
Web Security Best Practices
Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)

01 02 03
Understanding what cross- Exploring the different types of XSS attack Discussing prevention techniques and bes
site scripting (XSS) is. s. t practices to mitigate XSS vulnerabilities.
Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF)
Discussing the potential impact of
CSRF attacks.

Defining cross- Exploring mitigation strategies and


site request forgery (CSRF) and ho best practices to prevent CSRF vul
w it works. nerabilities.
SQL Injection

01 01 01
Discussing SQL injection attacks an Understanding the consequences Exploring prevention techniques, s
d how they can be exploited. of SQL injection vulnerabilities. uch as input validation and param
eterized queries, to mitigate SQL i
njection attacks.
010
Web Performance Optimization
Minification and Concatenation
Highlighting tools and techniques for
automating minification and concat
enation.

Discussing the process of minifying a


nd concatenating CSS and JavaScript
Explaining the benefits of minificatio files.
n and concatenation in web perform
ance optimization.
Caching

01 02 03

Exploring the concept of caching in web perf Discussing different types of caching, such as Highlighting best practices for implementing
ormance optimization. browser caching and server- side caching. caching strategies to improve website perfo
rmance.
Image Optimization

Exploring different image comp Highlighting tools and libraries f


ression techniques and formats. or automating image optimizati
on tasks.
011
API Development and Integration
Introduction to Web APIs

RESTful APIs
REST (Representational State Transfer) is an architectural style that provides a set of principles for designing networked applications.
RESTful APIs adhere to these principles and use HTTP methods (GET, POST, PUT, DELETE) to perform operations on resources.
They are stateless, meaning each request contains all the necessary information to process it, making them scalable and efficient.
RESTful APIs are widely used in web development and can be accessed using simple HTTP requests.

What are Web APIs


Web APIs (Application Programming Interfaces) are a set of rules and protocols that allow different software applications to
communicate with each other.
They enable developers to access and use the functionality of another software application or service, such as retrieving dat
a or performing actions.
Web APIs make it easier to integrate different systems and services, enabling the development of complex applications that
leverage the capabilities of multiple platforms.

SOAP APIs
SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol) is a messaging protocol that allows programs running on different operating systems to communicate with e
ach other.
SOAP APIs use XML (Extensible Markup Language) to format messages and can be accessed using different transport protocols, such as HTTP, SMT
P, and more.
SOAP APIs provide a more structured and formalized approach to communication compared to RESTful APIs.
They are commonly used in enterprise- level systems and offer features like security, reliability, and advanced error handling.
API Design and Development

API Testing and Debugging

API Authentication and Authorization API testing is essential to ensure the functionality, reliability, and se
curity of an API.
Testing involves verifying each API endpoint's response, handling of
different input scenarios, error handling, and performance under l
API Documentation and Specification API authentication is the process of validating the identity of oad.
the client accessing the API. Tools like Postman, Newman, and JUnit are commonly used for API
testing.
Common authentication methods include API keys, OAuth, a
Debugging API-
nd JSON Web Tokens (JWT). related issues involves identifying and resolving errors using tools
API documentation is a crucial part of the API development process as it pr API authorization involves determining if the authenticated c
ovides information and instructions to developers on how to use the API. or logging mechanisms provided by the API implementation.
It includes details about the API endpoints, request and response formats, a lient has the necessary permissions to access specific resourc
uthentication, available parameters, and error handling. es or perform certain actions.
Clear and comprehensive documentation helps developers understand and Authorization can be role- based, token- based, or using fine-
integrate the API quickly, reducing their reliance on external support. grained access control mechanisms.
Popular tools like Swagger and Postman are commonly used to generate an
d manage API documentation.
Third-Party API Integration

Geolocation APIs

Geolocation APIs provide developers with access to geographical location i


nformation.
They enable applications to determine a device or user's location and prov

03 ide location- based services.


Geolocation APIs can provide information like latitude, longitude, address,
distance calculation, and mapping.
Social Media APIs Examples of popular geolocation APIs include Google Maps Geocoding API
, Mapbox Geocoding API, and OpenCage Geocoder API.
Social media APIs enable developers to access and interact with social media
platforms programmatically.
They provide features like retrieving user information, posting updates, sear
ching for content, and analyzing user engagement.
Examples of popular social media APIs include Twitter API, Facebook Graph
API, and Instagram API.
01
Integration with social media APIs allows developers to create applications t
hat leverage social media data and functionality.

Payment Gateway APIs


Payment gateway APIs enable developers to integrate payment processing functio
nality into their applications.
They provide features like accepting payments, processing refunds, managing subs
02 criptions, and handling transactions securely.
Examples of popular payment gateway APIs include PayPal API, Stripe API, and Brai
ntree API.
Integration with payment gateway APIs allows developers to build applications tha
t can securely handle online payments.
Thanks

Reporter:AI PPT

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