Scribd
Upload
62 views

CL Review Questions for Mid-term Test

Uploaded by

malunelumiere
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
62 views

CL Review Questions for Mid-term Test

Uploaded by

malunelumiere
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 5

CONTRASTIVE LINGUISTICS

mid-term test format: 75-minute, closed-book (no Internet connection)


- The language used is English for both the testing questions and answers.
- Vietnamese, English, and Japanese are the main languages used for comparison and
contrast analyses.

Textbooks: Contrastive Linguistics, Ping Ke (2019)


Ngôn Ngữ Học Đối Chiếu, Bùi Mạnh Hùng (2008)
Tiếng Việt, Hồ Trần Ngọc Oanh
Review questions
CHAPTER 1
1. Micro-contrastive linguistics vs. Macro-contrastive linguistics
2. What are the four types of comparison within and between
languages?
3. Linguistic typology -- What class of languages is English
/Vietnamese /Japanese slotted into in the linguistic typology of world
languages? On what basis is the classification made?
CHAPTER 2
1. What is transfer? Use examples from your own learning
experience of Japanese/English to illustrate the notions of
positive transfer and negative transfer.
2. What are the two steps involved in any contrastive analysis?
3. What is meant by “interlingual level shifts” or “level crossings”?
Why may they be necessary in contrastive analysis?
4. What do we mean when we say that CA can predict errors? Error
analysis distinguishes two types of errors: interlingual errors and
intralingual errors. What type of errors can CA be reasonably
expected to predict?
5. Criteria for comparison – TC
Các kiểu tương đương trong NNHĐC (BMH, 102)
Tương đương nghĩa (cú pháp) vs. Tương đương dịch (113-114)
6. Translation equivalence -- the best available TC for grammatical CA. (Why?)
7. Procedures of Contrastive Analysis
Các bước của quá trình phân tích đối chiếu các ngôn ngữ (BMH, 74)
5 nguyên tắc đối chiếu các ngôn ngữ (BMH, 131-146)
Các phương pháp đối chiếu các ngôn ngữ (BMH, 147 --)
Các bước phân tích đối chiếu (BMH, 151)
CHAPTER 3 -- Phonetic and Phonological Contrastive Analyses
1. What are the pronunciation problems caused by phonemic
asymmetries and by allophonic differences (phonemic error vs.
allophonic error)? Give an example to illustrate.
The sound [b] in the English word “bin” is an unaspirated voiced vowel.
Influenced by local dialects, people in different areas of China may
pronounce the word somewhat differently. A Pekingese may pronounce
the word as “宾” [pɪn] while a native of Shanghai is likely to pronounce it as
“贫” [bhɪn]. Both of them would make pronunciation errors when they do so,
of course. But are their errors of the same type? If not, what kind of error
do they make respectively? Which kind is a more grave one? And why?
2. Can you predict which part of Vietnamese phonetics will likely
cause difficulties for American/British learners? Why? (Same
questions with learning Japanese and Chinese / Japanese and
Chinese learners)
3. Use examples to illustrate how suprasegmental features can affect
the meaning or function of an utterance.
4. Changes in pitch are realized as tone or intonation in different
languages. What functions do tone and intonation perform in English
and Vietnamese respectively?
CHAPTER 4 -- Lexical Contrastive Analyses
1. The motivation (internal form) of words
2. Name a few familiar types of syntagmatic and paradigmatic
semantic relationships.
Give examples in English to illustrate.
3. Compare the lexical fields of "cook" in English and in Vietnamese.
What conclusion(s) can you make from the comparison?
4. “Cultural emphases determine at least to some extent the
properties of the lexical system of a language.” Give some examples
to support this view, using your knowledge of Vietnamese, English
and Japanese/Chinese.

=============================================================

The following English sentences have been translated from Vietnamese into English
by Vietnamese learners of English. All of them (marked with an *) contain errors
resulting from negative language transfer.
A. Read the sentences, identify the cause of error of transfer (lexical or structural) in
each of them, then write the suggested correct version(s) in the blank line provided
below.
B. Are the errors INTRALINGUAL or INTERLINGUAL? Can Contrastive Analysis
be reasonably expected to predict them?
Ex. Gia đình tôi có 5 người. = *My family has five people.
Suggested correction: There are five members/people in my family.

A. Suggested corrections: (0.25 x 10 = 2.5)

1. Sophia là một cô gái trẻ đẹp. = *Sophia is a young beautiful girl.


 Sophia is a beautiful young girl.
2. Cô ấy là kiến trúc sư. = *She’s architect.
 She’s an architect.

3. Em quên sách ở nhà. = *I forgot my book at home.


 I left my book (at) home.
OR: I forgot my book.

4. Tất cả trẻ em đều cần được yêu thương. = *All child needs love.
 All children need love.
OR: Every child needs love.

5. Cái hố sâu khoảng 1 mét rưỡi. = *The pit was deep about a metre and a half.
 The pit was about a metre and a half deep.

6. Ý cô ấy cũng giống ý tôi. = *Her ideas are quite similar with mine.
 Her ideas are quite similar to mine.

7. Nó rất hối tiếc về chuyện đã xảy ra. = *He very regrets what happened.
 He very much /deeply /greatly regrets what happened.

8. Chuyến đi rất mệt. Tôi đã mệt nhoài khi về tới nhà. = *The journey was really
tired. I was very exhausted by the time we got home.
 The journey was really tiring. I was (absolutely/…) exhausted by the
time we got home.

9. Bạn đã đạt được một tiến bộ rất tốt. =*You’ve made a very good progress.

 You’ve made a very good progress.

10. Những tình nguyện viên này là những anh hùng thầm lặng của chiến dịch. =
*These volunteers are the quiet heroes of the campaign.
 These volunteers are the unsung heroes of the campaign.
B. INTRALINGUAL or INTERLINGUAL errors ?
-- INTERLINGUAL errors.

The following English sentences are written by Vietnamese learners. All of


them contain error from negative transfer from Vietnamese. Correct them.
1. Mary is a young beautiful girl.

2. It’s a modern big brick house.


3. He’s tall 1,7metres.

4. She’s different with her sister.

5. Don’t fear.

6. The film is boring and Brad Pitt is a boring man.

7. Almost people came to the party.

8. I’ll take all two shirts.

9. All is yours.

10. I’ve lost all.

11. It is not allowed to smoke.

12. She nearly sounds foreign.

13. You’ve made a very good progress.

14. Don’t ask me money.

15. Don’t ask me for my name.

16. It’s 37 kilos heavy.

17. Because I liked him, so I tried to help him.

18. I like your new dress much.

19. I struck her by a flower.

20. I had some strange experiences in his military service.

==================================================================================

websites
https://ngonngu.net/
https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lo%E1%BA%A1i_h%C3%ACnh_ng%C3%B4n_ng%E1%BB%AF
https://en-academic.com/dic.nsf/enwiki/289208

http://www.languagesgulper.com/eng
http://www.linguatics.com
https://theculturetrip.com/

You might also like