LAKIREDDY BALI REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

(AUTONOMOUS)

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION

ENGINEERING

23IT51 – IT WORKSHOP LAB

Name of the Student :…………………………………….

Register Number :……………………………………………
Course and Year/Sem:……………………………………………
Branch and Section :……………………………………………
Acedemic Year :……………………………………………
LAKIREDDY BALI REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
(AUTONOMOUS)
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION
ENGINEERING

Certificate

This is to certify that this is bonafied record of practical work done

in………………………………laboratory by Mr/Ms……………………………………………..

with Regd.No…………………… of …….B.Tech(…….semester)……section in Computer

Science and Engineering branch during the academic year………..

No.of experiments held : No.of experiments done:

Date:

Internal Examiner External Examiner

INDEX

S.No Experiments Page No. Date Sign/Remarks

PC Hardware & Software Installation

1 Task 1: Identify the peripherals of a computer,
22/09/2023
components in a CPU and its functions. Draw the block
diagram of the CPU along with the configuration of each
peripheral and submit to your instructor.
Task 2: Every student should disassemble and assemble
the PC back to working condition. Lab instructors should
2 verify the work and follow it up with a Viva. Also,
22/09/2023
students need to go through the video which shows the
process of assembling a PC. A video would be given as
part of the course content.
Task 3: Every student should individually install MS
windows on the personal computer. Lab instructor 29/09/2023
3
should verify the installation and follow it up with a Viva.

Task 4: Every student should install Linux on the computer.

This computer should have windows
4 installed. The system should be configured as dual boot 29/09/2023
(VMWare) with both Windows and Linux. Lab
instructors should verify the installation and follow it up
with a Viva.

Task 5: Every student should install BOSS on the

5 computer. The system should be configured as dual boot 06/10/2023
(VMWare) with both Windows and BOSS. Lab instructors
should verify the installation and followit up with a Viva.

Internet & World Wide Web

Task1: Orientation & Connectivity Boot Camp: Students
should get connected to their Local Area Network and
6 access the Internet. In the process they configure the 13/10/2023
TCP/IP setting. Finally, students should demonstrate, to
the instructor, how to access the websites and email. If
there is no internet connectivity preparations need to be
made by the instructors to simulate the WWW on the
LAN.

Task 2: Web Browsers, Surfing the Web: Students

customize their web browsers with the LAN proxy settings,
7 bookmarks, search toolbars and pop-up blockers. Also, 13/10/2023
plug-ins like Macromedia Flash and JRE for applets should
be configured.

Task 3: Search Engines & Netiquette: Students should know

8 what search engines are and how to use the search engines. A
few topics would be given to the students for which they 27/10/2023
need to search on Google. This should be demonstrated to the
instructors by the student.
Task 4: Cyber Hygiene: Students would be exposed to the
9 various threats on the internet and would be asked to
configure their computer to be safe on the internet. They 27/10/2023
need to customize their browsers to block pop ups, block
active x downloads to avoid viruses and/or worms.
LaTeX and WORD
Task 1 :Word Orientation: The mentor needs to give
an overview of La TeX and Microsoft (MS) office or
equivalent (FOSS) tool word: Importance of La TeX 03/11/2023
10
and MS office or equivalent (FOSS) tool Word as word
Processors, Details of the four tasks and features that
would be covered in each, Using LaTeX and word –
Accessing, overview of toolbars, saving files, Using
help and resources, rulers, format painter in word.

Task 2: Using La TeX and Word to create a project

certificate. Features to be covered:- Formatting Fonts
11 in word, Drop Cap in word, Applying Text effects,
Using Character Spacing, Borders and Colors, 10/11/2023
Inserting Header and Footer, Using Date and Time
option in both LaTeX and Word.

Task 3: Creating project abstract Features to be

12 covered: -Formatting Styles, Inserting table, Bullets
and Numbering, Changing Text Direction, Cell
alignment, Footnote, Hyperlink, Symbols, Spell
17/11/2023
Check,Track Changes.
Task 4: Creating a Newsletter: Features to be
17/11/2023
13 covered:- Table of Content, Newspaper columns,
Images from files and clipart, Drawing toolbar and
Word Art, Formatting Images, Textboxes, Paragraphs
and Mail Merge in word.

EXCEL
Excel Orientation: The mentor needs to tell the
importance of MS office or equivalent (FOSS)tool
14 Excel as a Spreadsheet tool, give the details of the four
tasks and features that would be covered in each. Using
Excel :Accessing, overview of toolbars, saving excel 24/11/2023
files, Using helpand resources.
Task 1: Creating a Scheduler - Features to be covered:
Gridlines,Format Cells, Summation, auto fill,
Formatting Text.
Task 2: Calculating GPA -. Features to be covered:-
Cell Referencing, Formulae in excel –
15
average,standard deviation,Charts,Renaming and 01/12/2023
inserting worksheets,hyperlinking,count function. and Inserting worksheets, Hyper linking,
LOOKUP/VLOOKUP
16 Task 3: Split cells, freeze panes, group and outline,
08/12/2023
Sorting, Boolean and logical operators, Conditional
Formatting
POWER POINT
Task 1: Students will be working on basic power point
utilities and tools which help them create basic power 15/12/2023
point presentations. PPT Orientation, Slide Layouts,
17
Inserting Text, Word Art, Formatting Text,Bullets and
Numbering, Auto Shapes, Lines and Arrows in
PowerPoint.
Task 2: Interactive presentations - Hyperlinks,
22/12/2023
18 Inserting –Images, Clip Art, Audio, Video,
Objects,Tables and Charts.
Task 3: Master Layouts (slide, template, and notes),
19 Types of views (basic, presentation, slide slotter,notes
etc.), and Inserting – Background, textures, Design 22/12/2023
Templates, Hidden slides.

AI TOOLS – ChatGPT
Task 1: Prompt Engineering: Experiment with
different types of prompts to see how the model
responds.
20 Try asking questions, starting conversations, or even
29/12/2023
providing incomplete sentences to see how the model
completes them.
• Ex: Prompt: "You are a knowledgeable AI. Please
answer the following question: What is the capital of
France?"

Task 2: Creative Writing: Use the model as a writing

assistant. Provide the beginning of a story or a
description of a scene, and let the model generate the
rest of the content. This can be a fun way to
brainstorm creative ideas 05/01/2024
21
• Ex: Prompt: "In a world where gravity suddenly
stopped working, people started floating upwards.
Write a story about how society adapted to this new
reality."

Task 3: Language Translation: Experiment with

translation tasks by providing a sentence in one
language and asking the model to translate it into
another language. Compare the output to see how
22 05/01/2024
accurate and fluent the translations are.
• Ex: Prompt: "Translate the following English
sentence to French: 'Hello, how are you doingtoday?'"
WEEK 1
PC Hardware & Software Installation
Task 1: Identify the peripherals of a computer, components in a CPU and its functions. Draw the block
diagram of the CPU along with the configuration of each peripheral and submit to your instructor.
AIM: To identify the peripherals of a computer, assemble and disassemble the system.
Introduction to Computer Hardware:

The word computer derived from a Latin word “compute”, which means “calculate”.

Definition:-

A Computer is an electronic device that takes data and instructions as an input from the user,
processes data , and provides useful information known as output.

Expansion:-

C – Commonly
O – Operated
M – Machine
P – Particularly
U – Used for
T – Technical
E – Education
R – Research
Components of a computer:-
A computer system has mainly two components, namely Hardware and Software.
Hardware:-

Hardware refers to the physical units of the computer which includes all electronic and
electric components and devices, which can be seen by us and touchable components.
Software:-

Software is a collection of instructions and programs. These are two types.

1. System Software
2. Application Software
System Software:-
System Software is a collection of programs and it is used for manage the system resources.
Eg: Operating system
Operating system:
Operating system is the interface between user and system hardware.
Eg: Windows XP, Windows 2000, Windows Vista, UNIX, LINUX
Application Software:-
Application Software is the collection of programs and it is used to perform user oriented
applications.
Eg: C, C++, JAVA

Block Diagram of Computer:-

Functions of computer:-

Input, process information, output, storage are the various functions of computer.

❖ Input – Accept data as input from various input devices.

Eg: Keyboard, Mouse, Scanner, Joystick etc.
❖ Process information – Performs mathematical & logical operations.
❖ Output – Resultant information will be displayed as
output by output devices.
Eg: Monitor, Printer, Speakers etc.
❖ Storage – Stores the information into storage devices for
future use.
Eg: Hard disk, Floppy disk, Pendrives, CDs etc.

The Mother Board

There are primarily two types of motherboards, AT motherboard, and ATX

motherboard. AT motherboards. The AT and ATX motherboards differ in the form
factor. Full AT is 12" wide x 13.8" deep, and Baby AT is 8.57" wide x 13.04" deep.
Full-ATX is 12" wide x 9.6" deep and Mini-ATX is 11.2" wide x 8.2" deep. Other major
differences include power supply connector,and keyboard connector. AT has 5-pin large
keyboard connector, whereas ATX has 6-pin mini connector. Similarly, AT has single
row two connectors +/-5V, and +/-12V, whereas ATX motherboard has double row
single connector providing +/-5V, +/-12V, and+3.3V.
The important constituent components of an ATX Motherboard are given below:
1. Mouse &keyboard

2. Usb

3. Parallel port

4. Cpu chip

5. Ram slots

6. Floppy controller

7. Ide controller

8. Pci slot

9. Isa slot

10. Cmos battery

11. Agp slot

12. Cpu slot

13.Power supply plugin

1. Mouse &keyboard:

Keyboard Connectors are two types basically. All PCs have a Key board port
connected directly to the motherboard. The AT-style keyboard connector is quickly
disappearing, being replaced by the smaller mini DIN PS/2-style keyboard connector.

Mouse:-
Mouse is an electro-mechanical, hand-held device.
It is used as a pointer.

Mouse has 3 parts.

▪ Left button
▪ Right button
▪ Scroller
Keyboard:-
A standard computer keyboard must contain 106 keys.
Standard keyboard also called as QWERTY.
Keyboard divided into two parts.
1. Left part
2. Right part

The left part divided into 6 types.

▪ Esc key
▪ Functional keys
▪ Numerical & special character keys
▪ Alphabetical keys
▪ Modifier keys
▪ Space bar
The right part divided into 3 types.
▪ Special keys
▪ Direction keys or Arrow keys
Numeric keypad
2. USB (Universal serial bus):

USB is the General-purpose connection for PC. You can find USB versions of many
different devices, such as mice, keyboards, scanners, cameras, and even printers. a USB
connector's distinctive rectangular shape makes it easily recognizable. USB has a number of
features that makes it particularly popular on PCs. First, USB devices are hot swappable. You
can insert or remove them without restarting your system.
3. Parallel port:

Most printers use a special connector called a parallel port. Parallel port carry data
on more than one wire, as opposed to the serial port, which uses only one wire. Parallel ports
use a 25-pin female DB connector. Parallel ports are directly supported by the motherboard
through a direct connection or through dangle.

4. CPU Chip:

The central processing unit, also called the microprocessor performs all the
calculations that take place inside a pc. CPUs come in Variety of shapes and sizes.Modern
CPUs generate a lot of heat and thus require a cooling fan or heat sink. The cooling device
(such as a cooling fan) is removable, although some CPU manufactures sell the CPU with a
fan permanently attached.

5. RAM slots:

Random-Access Memory (RAM) stores programs and data currently being used by
the CPU. RAM is measured in units called bytes. RAM has been packaged in many different
ways. The most current package is called a 168-pin DIMM (Dual Inline Memory module).

6. Floppy controller:

The floppy drive connects to the computer via a 34-pin ribbon cable, which in turn
connects to the motherboard. A floppy controller is one that is used to control the floppy
drive.
7. IDE controller:

Industry standards define two common types of hard drives: EIDE and SCSI.
Majority of the workstations. The EIDE drive connects to the hard drive via a 2-inch-wide,
40-pin ribbon cable, which in turn connects to the motherboard. IDE controller is
responsiblefor controlling the hard drive.

8. PCI slot:

Intel introduced the Peripheral component interconnect bus protocol. The PCI bus
is used to connect I/O devices (such as NIC or RAID controllers) to the main logic of the
computer. PCI bus has replaced the ISAbus.

9. ISA slot (Industry Standard Architecture):

It is the standard architecture of the Expansion bus. Motherboard may contain

some slots to connect ISA compatible cards.

10. CMOS Battery:

To provide CMOS with the power when the computer is turned off all
motherboards comes with a battery. These batteries mount on the motherboard in one of three
ways: the obsolete external battery, the most common onboard battery, and built-in battery.

11. AGP slot:

If you have a modern motherboard, you will almost certainly notice a single
connector that looks like a PCI slot, but is slightly shorter and usually brown. You also
probably have a video card inserted into this slot.This is an Advanced Graphics Port (AGP)
slot

12. CPU slot:

To install the CPU, just slide it straight down into the slot. Special notches in the
slot make it impossible to install them incorrectly. So remember if it does not go easily, it is
probably not correct. Be sure to plug in the CPU fan's power.

13. Power supply plug in:

The Power supply, as its name implies, provides the necessary electrical power to
make the pc operate. the power supply takes standard 110-V AC power and converts into +/-
12- Volt, +/-5-Volt, and 3.3-Volt DC power.
Computer Peripherals

Cabinet / Case:
S.M.P.S

A switched-mode power
supply (switching-mode power supply,
switch-mode power supply, switched power
supply, SMPS, or switcher) is an electronic
power supply that incorporates a switching
regulator to convert electrical power
efficiently.

Computer – Motherboard

The motherboard serves as a single platform

to connect all of the parts of acomputer
together. It connects the CPU, memory, hard
drives, optical drives, video card, sound card,
and other ports and expansion cards directly
or via cables. It can be considered as the
backbone of a computer.

Central Processing
Unit (CPU)A central processingunit
(CPU), also called a centralprocessor,
main processor or just processor, is
the electronic circuitry that
executes instructions comprising
a computer program. The CPU performsbasic
arithmetic, logic, controlling,
and input/output (I/O) operations
specified by the instructions in the
program.
Types of Central processing Unit / Types of Processors

Speed and Cache

CPU (Processor) No. of Cores Launched Name
Level

Intel released their first

740 KHz and 640
1. Single Core CPU 1 Single-core processor in Intel 4004
bytes of RAM.
the Year 1971.

Intel released their first 2.80 GHz and

2. Dual Core CPU 2 Dual-core processor in Pentium D
the Year 2005. 2 MB of Cache.

AMD released their first 3 GHz and

3. Quad Core CPU 4 Quad-core processor in Athlon II X4
the Year 2009. 2 MB of Cache.

Intel released their first 3.60 GHz and

4. Hexa Core CPU 6 Hexa-core processor in Intel core i7-980X
the Year 2010. 12 MB of Cache.

5. Octa Core CPU 8 Intel released their first Intel Core i7- 3.50 GHz and
Octa-core processor in 5960X
20 MB of Cache.
the Year 2014.

Intel released their first 3 GHz and

6. Deca Core CPU 10 Deca-core processor in Xeon Silver 4114T 13.75 MB of
the Year 2017. Cache.

CPU fan

CPU fan Used to cool

the CPU (central processing unit)
heatsink. Effective cooling of a
concentrated heat source such as
a large-scale integrated circuit requires a
heatsink, which may be cooled by a fan; use
of a fan alone will not prevent overheating of
the small chip.

RAM: Random-access memory

RAM is the main memory in a computer
system, also known as cache memory. It is
basically a high-speed component that
temporarily stores the device needs, and
allow the device to access the data
immediately.

for program execution and short term data-

storage, so the computer doesn't have to
take the time to access the hard drive to
find something. More RAM can contribute
to a faster PC.
ROM-Read Only Memory

• ROM holds all control programs and instructions which are needed for operating of
your computer system and its hardware components such as keyboard, mouse,
printer, and more.

• ROM contains BIOS (Basic Input/output System), and it is also known as “Boot
Loader”. When, you to get start up your PC then boot loader program is loaded into
RAM, and it controls all activates of your Computer system.

A VGA Card
A VGA Card – also known as
a video/display card or graphics adapter –
is utilised in order to process and generate an
output image feed to a computer monitor or
display. .... Much like a motherboard or
micro-computer, a video card is a printed
circuit board that comes equipped with its
own processing unit and memory
Sound Card
A sound card (also known as an audio card)
is an internal expansion card thatprovides
input and output of audio signals to and
from a computer under control of computer
programs. The term sound card is also
applied to external audio interfaces used for
professional audio applications.

Hard Disk
Hard disk, also called hard disk drive or hard drive, magnetic storage medium for
a computer. ............................. A computer's hard drive is a device consisting of several
hard disks, read/write heads, a drive motor to spin the disks, and a small amount of
circuitry, all sealed in a metal case to protect the disks from dust.
Task 2: Every student should disassemble and assemble the PC back to working condition. Lab instructors
should verify the work and follow it up with a Viva. Also, students need to go through the video which shows the
process of assembling a PC. A video would be given as part of the course content.

AIM: To assemble and disassemble the system

Why should one learn about hardware?

1. Troubleshoot you and save time.

2. Knowing about system internals and components.
3. Very easy installation for modern hardware.
4. Install extra memory.
5. Removing components.
Safety Precautions:

1. Beware of electrostatic discharge (ESO)

2. Build computer on a hard surface, away from concepts.
3. Wear shoes and the short sleeved cotton wear.
4. Use Phillips, head screw driver.
5. Keep the components away from moisture.
6. Avoid using pressure while installing.
Steps for Assembling.

1. Setting the cabinet ready.

2. Preparing to fit the components.
3. Fitting the mother board.
4. Fitting the RAM, processor and cooler.
5. Installing PCI cards.
6. Fitting the hard disk and floppy drive.
7. Installing the CD ROM drives.
8. Connecting the ribbon cables.
9. Powering the drives and mother board.
10. Connecting the cables for the case front panel.
11. Final check.
Getting the Cabinet ready:-

1. Check how to open the cabinet and determine where to fix the components.
2. Determine if the case has the appropriate risers installed.

Preparing to fit the Components:

1. Network adapter drive.

2. Floppy disk drive.
3. Ribbon cables.
4. Hard disk.
5. CD-ROM Drive.
6. RAM
7. CPU
8. Heat sink / cooler / fan.
9. Mother board.
10. Screws.
Fitting the Mother board.

1. Line up the patch on the motherboard ( ps/l, USB, etc ) with the appropriate
holes in theblock panel I/O shield of the case.
2. Check the points where you and to install
3. Install them and make the mother board sit on them and fix screws if required.

Mother board parts:

1. ACR slot.
2. PCI Slot.
3. AGP Slot.
4. ATX Connectors.
5. CPU Fan.
6. Chipset North Bridge.
7. CPU socket.
8. Floppy.
9. System memory.
10. Chipset south bridge.
11. Panel connector.
12. Power supply.
13. IDE connectors.
ATX Connectors:

1. PS, Mouse.
2. Key board.
3. USB.
4. Parallel ( Prints )
5. Serial COM1.
6. Serial COM 2.
7. Joystick.
8. Sound.
Fitting the processor:

1. Raise the small lever at the side of the socket.

2. Notice that there is a pin missing at one corner, determine the direction to fit in the processor.

3. You should not force the CPU. When inserting it. All pins should slide smoothly into the socket.

4. Lock the lever back down.

5. Install the heat sink over it (Different type for each processor). Heat sink / CPU fan.
Fitting the RAM:

1. The RAM must be suitable for motherboard.

2. There are currently 3 types of RAM available.
a) SD RAM.
b) DDR SD RAM.
c) RD RAM.
3. The mother board’s chipset determines which type of RAM may be used.

Installing the PCI Cards:

1. Most of the cards are inbuilt these days.

2. NIL, Sound Cards etc. are fitted into PCI slots.
Fitting the hard disk and Floppy disk:

1. Place the floppy and hard disks in their slots.

2. Leave some space above HDD to prevent heat building.
3. Check the jumper configuration.
4. Fix the screws.

Installing the CD-ROM Drives:

1. CD-ROM drive is similar to installing a hard disk.

2. 1ST check that the jumper configuration is correct.
3. Fix the screw.

Connecting the ribbon Cables:-

1. Attach the long end of the cable to the IDEU connector on the motherboard first.
2. The red stripe on the IDE cable should be facing the CD Power.

Powering the driver and motherboard:

Connecting the cables for the case front pane

1. SD, SPK or SPEAK: The loud speakers o/p. it has 4 pins.

2. RS, RE, RS or RESET: Connect the two pin Reset cable here.

3. PWR, PW, PWSW, PS or power SW: Power switch, the pc’s on (switch, the plug is two pin ).

4. PWLED, PWRLED or Power LED: The light emitting diode on the front panel of
the caseilluminates when the computer is switched on. It’s a 2-pin cable.

5. HD, HDD, and LED: These two pins connect to the cable for the hard disk activity LED.
Final Check:-

1. Mother board jumper configurations are the settings for the processor operator.
2. Drive jumper settings, master/ slave correct?
3. Are the processor, RAM modules and plug in cards finally seated in there sockets?
4. Did you plug all the cables in? Do they all fit really?
5. Have you frightened all the screws in plug- in cards or fitted the clips?
6. Are the drive secure?
7. Have u connected the power cables to all driver?
Powering up for the first time:

1. Ensure that no wires are touching the CPU heat sink fan.
2. Plug your monitor, mouse and keyboard.
3. Plug in power card and switch the power supply.
4. If everything is connected as it should be
• All system, fans should start spinning.
• U should hear a single beep and after about 5-10 sec.
• Amber light on monitor should go green.
• You will see computer start to boot with a memory check.
• Now check front LED’S to see if u plugged them in correctly.
• Check all other buttons.
• Power afford change any wrong settings.
WEEK-2

Task 3: Every student should individually install MS windows on the personal computer. Lab instructor should
verify the installation and follow it up with a Viva.

AIM: To install Windows XP

Steps to Download Windows 10

Select the Chrome browser or any other browser and open Google search engine and type the “download
Windows 10 operating system” given search results open the Microsoft.com web site and select Create
Windows 10 installation media.

Section:1
1.Download the appropriate installation media from Microsoft:
• Download Windows 10
• Download Windows 8.1 Disc Image (ISO File)
• Download Windows 7 Disc Images (ISO Files)
2.Follow the steps to download the Windows version you want. Some versions may require you to provide
your Windows product key to verify your eligibility to download disc images.
3.Save the Media Creation Tool to your computer. Launch the file and click Accept when prompted toagree to
the software license terms when the download is finished.

4.Select Create installation media (USB flash drive, DVD, or ISO file) for another PC and clickthe Next
button.
5.Select Create installation media (USB flash drive, DVD, or ISO file) for another PC and clickthe Next
button.

6.Follow any on-screen instructions to set your preferred language, Windows edition, and System
Architecture. If unsure, check the Use the recommended options for this PC option and proceed.
7.Choose the USB flash drive and select your USB from the list. The Windows installation files will start to
download to your USB drive.

8.Flash drive: Select your flash drive from the list, click Next,and wait for the installation files to install.When
the process is complete, click Finish.
9.Connect your Windows 10 installation media. If you created a flash drive, connect it to the PC on whichyou
want to install Windows 10. If you made a DVD, insert it into the drive now.

10.Boot the PC into the BIOS. If your PC is not already set up to boot from your flash or optical drive,
rebooting from your installation media won't work
11.Wait for your computer to restart. Once your computer finishes restarting, you'll see a window here with
your geographical data. You're now ready to begin setting up your Windows 10 installation.

Section:2

Follow the steps below to proceed with the Windows 10 installation.

1. Select the following Language, Time, and Keyboard Layout and select
“Next”.
2. Select “Install now” option.

3. Enter the product key to activate Windows and press “Next”, or press
“Skip” to enter a valid product key later.
4. Check the box next to “I accept the license terms” and select “Next”.

5.Choose the type of installation to perform.

- To upgrade to Windows 10 from an earlier version of Windows, select the“Upgrade” option
below.
- To perform a clean OS installation, select “Custom: Install Windows only(advanced)” option
below. For instructional purposes, this option was selected below.
6.Choose the type of installation to perform.
- To upgrade to Windows 10 from an earlier version of Windows, select the“Upgrade” option
below.
- To perform a clean OS installation, select “Custom: Install Windows only(advanced)” option
below. For instructional purposes, this option was selected below.

7.Select the “Load driver” option to load the appropriate driver for the storagedevice.
8.Make sure to load the appropriate storage device driver onto a CD, DVD, or USB flash
drive before completing the next step. The storage device drivers canbe found on the Lenovo
Support website here.

- For storages devices attached to the Intel storage controller, load the Intel Rapid Storage
Technology enterprise (RSTe) driver.

o Select “Browse”, and browse to the CD, DVD, or USB flash drive to where the
storage device driver is located and select “OK”.
- For storages devices attached to the Broadcom controller, load the Broadcom storage driver.

o Select “Browse”, browse to the CD, DVD, or USB flash drive to wherethe
storage device driver is located and select “OK”.
9.Select the driver to install.

10.Select the drive to install Windows and select “Next” at the bottom.
11.Installing Windows screen.

12.After the installation completes, the system will automatically reboot. If no product key
was entered above, then it’ll prompt to enter a product key again.
Either enter the product key here and select “Next” or select “Do
this later” at the bottom left.
13.Select “Use Express Settings” at the bottom right to use the default settings or select
“Customize settings” at the bottom left. For instructional purposes, “UseExpress settings”
was selected.

14.Create an account by typing a “User name”. Optionally, type a password to make itsecure.
15.Windows 10 desktop screen.
Task 4: Every student should install Linux on the computer. This computer should have windows installed. The
system should be configured as dual boot (VMWare) with both Windows and Linux. Lab instructors should verify
the installation and follow it up with a Viva.

Installing Virtual box on Windows 10

To install VirtualBox on Windows 10, you must first download the appropriate installation file for your
host. From there, the installation process uses a Wizard interface, which should not be too complicated,
even for a beginner.

1. Open a browser and open the VirtualBox downloads page and click the Windows hosts link. The latest
VirtualBox version as of this writing is 6.1.36. Save the installer somewhere you can quickly locate it, like
your Downloads folder.

Download VirtualBox for Windows hosts

2. Locate the VirtualBox installer file using your File Explorer. Double-click the file to launch the
VirtualBox Setup wizard.
Launch setup to install VirtualBox on Windows

3. Click Next on the first screen. This action tells the Wizard that you want to install VirtualBox.

Welcome message

4. Do the following actions on the Custom Setup screen.

• You’ll see a list of the features the Wizard will install. In this example, leave the default selection.
• Browse and select the location you want to install VirtualBox in. The default location is fine, but feel free to change
it if you prefer.
• Click Next when you’re ready to continue.

Customize VirtualBox installation

5. On the next screen, you’ll see a list of the shortcuts and file associations the installation will create.
Check or uncheck the items you wish to include or exclude and click Next. This example leaves all options
checked.
Custom setup options

The Network Interfaces Warning Message

6. On the next screen, you’ll see a warning about networking. The setup process will install a virtual
network adapter, which may cause your network connection to disconnect momentarily. Click Yes to
continue.

7. Finally, you’ll see a screen asking you to confirm the installation. Click Install to install VirtualBox on
Windows 10.

Click to install VirtualBox on Windows 10

8. The installation process takes several minutes, depending on your system speed. Click Finish to close
the Wizard after the installation and start using VirtualBox.

Closing the Wizard

Creating Your First Virtual Machine

After you install VirtualBox on Windows 10, your can create your first virtual machine.

Windows 11 had compatibility issues with VirtualBox, such as VMs cannot start, crashing, and having
corrupted displays. But Microsoft confirmed that such issues no longer exist in VirtualBox 6.1.28 and later
versions, so you can also apply all the steps below on Windows 11.

1. First, click the New button in the top-right corner of the VirtualBox window. This action
brings up the Create Virtual Machine wizard. This Wizard lets

2. you configure your new VM with the settings you want.

Install Ubuntu on Virtual Box

Introduction
Linux is an industry-standard operating system, and Ubuntu is a popular distribution of Linux. In
order to run Ubuntu as the guest operating system in a virtual machine on your host machine (such
as your Windows or Mac laptop), you can first install VirtualBox and then install Ubuntu within
VirtualBox. Then whenever you start VirtualBox, you can select Ubuntu (or any other guest
operating system that you’ve installed) to run in the virtual machine managed by VirtualBox.

If you are on Windows 10, a better solution for getting Ubuntu is

to install it directly using the Windows Subsystem for Linux
feature. For instructions, see https://docs.microsoft.com/en-
us/windows/wsl/install-win10 and the tutorial, “Install Ubuntu on
Windows 10”:

Download the Ubuntu installation disk

Go to https://www.ubuntu.com/download/desktop and download the latest version of Ubuntu,
which is a 64-bit operating system. You will get a .iso file which is an image of the installation
optical disk (i.e., a CD ROM). Remember where you stored the fi

Install and configure VirtualBox

VirtualBox is a virtual machine manager under which you will run Ubuntu. Windows 10 or
macOS will be the host operating system for the virtual machine, and Ubuntu will be the guest
operating system running in the virtual machine.
Download the latest version of VirtualBox from https://www.virtualbox.org/. Install and run it.It
should appear as in Figure 1, except that if this is your first time running it, there won’t be any
other guest operating systems already installe
Figure 1. The VirtualBox main screen (running on MacOS X).
Click the New button and fill in the
Create Virtual Machine form (Figure
2). Pick an appropriate name. Choose a
machine folder on your laptop that will
contain the virtual machine image. The
type should be Linux, and the version
should be Ubuntu (64 bit). Set a memory
size for the virtual machine, but don’t
give it more than half of the memory of
your host laptop. Select the Create a
virtual hard disk now radio button. Click
the Create button.

Figure 2. The Create Virtual Machine form.

On the Create Virtual Hard Disk form

(Figure 3), specify the maximum size to
which Ubuntu’s virtual hard disk can grow.
Select the VDI (VirtualBox Disk Image) and
the Dynamically allocated radio buttons.
Click the Create button. This creates the new
virtual machine named, for example, Ubuntu
18.10 (Figure 4).

Note: For an installation of Ubuntu,

specify at least 64 GB for the size of the
virtual hard disk.

Figure 3. The Create Virtual Disk form.

Figure 4. The virtual machine named Ubuntu 18.10 is created.

Select the name of the newly created

virtual machine. Click the Settings icon
at the top. Then click on System in the
left panel. In the System Settings form,
select the Motherboard tab. Specify the
amount of base memory you want to
devote the virtual machine, but not
more than half of the physical memory
in your host machine. Select the
Processor tab (Figure 5) and specify the
number of CPUs you want to devote to
the virtual machine, but not more than
half the number of CPUs in your host
machine. Click the OK button.

Figure 5. The System Settings form.

Note: For an installation of Ubuntu, specify at least 2 CPUs and 4 GB of memory.

Click Storage in the left panel. The Storage
Settings form (Figure 6) shows the virtual
CD ROM drive, which is initially empty,
and the virtual hard drive, which is the .vdi
virtual disk image that VirtualBox created.
Select Empty under Controller: IDE.

Figure 6. The initial Storage Settings form.

You want to install Ubuntu on

the virtual machine, so you
must
“insert” the .iso installation
disk image file that you
downloaded earlier into the
virtual CD ROM drive. Look
under Attributes and click on
the image of the disk to the
right of the dropdown menu.
Select the .iso file to insert into
the drive. You should now see
the
.iso file name under Controller:
IDE (Figure 7). Click the OK
button.

Figure 7. The installation disk image inserted into the virtual CD

ROM drive.
Install Ubuntu
Now you are ready to start the virtual machine (Figure 8) in order to install Ubuntu. To start the
Ubuntu virtual machine, highlight it and click the Start button at the top.

Figure 8. Ready to start the Ubuntu virtual machine.

The virtual machine will boot off the installation disk and start the installation process
(Figure 9). Because the installation process downloads files from the Internet, you will need
a good connection.
Choose your language and click Install
Ubuntu to start the installation process.
At various times, you will be asked to
make a choice. Except otherwise
directed, you should accept the default
choices.

Figure 9. Starting the installation process.

On the Installation type form, accept the

choice Erase disk and install Ubuntu
(Figure 10). The disk that it will erase is the
virtual disk, not your host laptop’s physical
disk!
Click the Install Now button and the
subsequent Continue button.

Figure 10. Erase the virtual disk and install Ubuntu.

On the Who are you? form (Figure 11),
enter appropriate names. The username
will also become the name of your home
directory in /home. The passwords will
become your login passwords.

Figure 11. Choose names and passwords.

The installation process will take a

while, especially if you have a slow
Internet connection. You can watch files
download and install, or you can go have
a cup of coffee. When it’s finally done,
it will ask you to restart (Figure 12).
Press the Restart Now button.

Figure 12. Installation is complete.

Ubuntu will restart and ask you to
remove the installation disk from the
virtual CD ROM drive (Figure 13).
Right-click on the image of the CD
ROM at the bottom of the screen and
select Remove disk from virtual drive.
You may need to press the right control
key on your keyboard if the virtual
machine has “captured” your mouse.
After removing the disk, click in the
Ubuntu window and press the enter key.

Figure 13. After the initial system restart.

After the VirtualBox splash screen and

some system startup messages, you will
be asked to log in (Figure 14).
Click on your name and enter your password.

Figure 14. The login screen.

You have successfully installed Ubuntu as a
virtual machine (Figure 15)!

Figure 15. Ubuntu is successfully installed!

WEEK-3

Task 5: Every student should install BOSS on the computer. The system should be configured as dual boot (VMWare)
with both Windows and BOSS. Lab instructors should verify the installation and follow it up with a Viva

OVERVIEW
• BOSS Operating System is an Indian OS based on GNU/Linux developed by C-DAC (Centre for
Development of Advanced Computing), Chennai.
• It is developed to provide the benefit of using Free/Open source software all over India.
• The Indian government has been using the BOSS operating system for official use and to control different
cyber vulnerabilities in Indian cyberspace.

What is BOSS Operating System?

• BOSS Operating System, also known as Bharat Operating System Solution, is a GNU/Linux distribution
that is derived from Debian Linux.
• This distribution was developed in India by the Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (C-
DAC), Chennai, in the year 20062006 for the enhancement of Free/Open source software used throughout
the entire nation.
• The National Resource Centre for Free and Open Source Software (NRCFOSS) is the key provider of BOSS
GNU/Linux OS.
• It has an upgraded desktop environment that supports local Indian languages.

Versions of BOSS

Till now, 9 major versions of BOSS OS have been released, which are as follows :
• 1.0 (Tarag) released in January 2006
• 2.0 (Anant) released in September 2007
• 3.0 (Tejas) released in September 2008
• 4.0 (Savir) released in April 2011
• 5.0 (Anokha) released in September 2013
• 6.0 (Anoop) released in August 2015
• 7.0 (Drishti) released in August 2018
• 8.0 (Unnati) released in July 2019
• 9.0 (Urja) released in February 2021
BOSS INSTALLATION ON VIRTUAL BOX

Overview of the Installation Process

First, just a note about installations. With BOSS GNU/Linux, a circumstance that will require a complete
re-installation of your system is very rare; perhaps mechanical failure of the hard disk would be the most
common case. Many common operating systems may require a complete installation to be performed when
critical failures take place or for upgrades to new OS versions. Even if a completely new installation isn't
required, often the programs you use must be reinstalled to operate properly in the new OS. Under
BOSS GNU/Linux, it is much more likely that your OS can be repaired rather than replaced if things go
wrong. Upgrades never require a whole sale installation; you can always upgrade in-place. And the programs
are almost always compatible with successive OS releases. If a new program version requires newer supporting
software, the BOSS packaging system ensures that all the necessary software is automatically identified and
installed. The point is, much effort has been put into avoiding the need for reinstallation, so think of it as your
very last option. The installer is not designed to re-install over an existing system. Here's a road map for the
steps you will take during the installation process.
1. Back up any existing data or documents on the hard disk where you plan to install.
2. Gather information about your computer and any needed documentation, before starting the installation.
3. Create partition-table space for BOSS on your hard disk.
4. Set up the first boot drive to DVD drive (through CMOS setup) and restart your system.
5. Insert the BOSS GNU/Linux DVD into the drive
6. Boot the installation system.
7. Select installation language.
8. Activate the ethernet network connection, if available.
9. Create and mount the partitions on which BOSS GNU/Linux will be installed.
10.Watch the automatic install/setup of the base system.
11.Installs additional software (tasks and/or packages), at your discretion.
12.Installs a boot loader which can start up BOSS GNU/Linux on your existing system.
13.Load the newly installed system for the first time, and make some initial system settings.
14.If you have problems during the installation, it helps to know which packages are involved
in which steps.
15.Introducing the leading software actors in this installation drama: The installer software,debian-installer,
is the primary concern of this manual. It detects hardware and loads appropriate drivers, uses
dhcp-client to set up the network connection, and runs debootstrap to install the base system packages. Many
more actors play smaller parts in this process, but debian-installer has completed its task when you load the
new system for the first time. Upon loading the new base system, base-config supervises adding users, setting a
time zone (via tzsetup), and setting up the package installation system(using apt-setup). It then launches
tasksel which can be used to select large groups of related programs, and in turn can run aptitude which allows
you to choose individual software packages.

1.Select the New Option and enter

the Name and Operating System
Click Next

2.Select the amount of Memory

size of RAM AND HDD
3. Here we add new c new virtual disk file

4. Select hard disk file type (VDI)

And Click Next
5.Storage on Physical hard
disk Select the dynamically
Allocated

6.Select file Location

and size
And Click on close

7. Goto Vm Manager and

Select the Settings
8.Select the Storage and Select
the Controller: IDE
→Select the Empty

9.Next Select Choose a Disk

File
10.Upload the Boss.iso file
into virtual machine

11.After iso file Upload its

Showing the uploaded
Controller: Ide
--->Next Click On Ok
Button
12.Next Start Boss Virtual
Machine

13.Whenever your
Click Start it shows
the pop-up
➢ Select the
Start-up Disk
14.Now Select “Install
BOSS-Graphical” or
“Install BOSS-Text
Mode

15. Select the

Language as
“English” / “Tamil” /
“Hindi” (or any
other). Click
“Continue” to
proceed.
16. Next the
country selection
screen appears.
Select the
appropriate country
from the list. Click
“Continue” and
proceed further

17. The installation

program displays a
list of the keyboard
layouts supported
by BOSS
GNU/Linux.
Highlight the
correct layout on
the list, and select
“Next”.
18.Loading the
Components

19.Click on
“Continue” to proceed
towards Manual
Network
configuration.
20.Set user name

21.Set up the
Password
22.By selecting
automatic partitioning,
you will not have to use
partitioning tools to
assign mount points,
create partitions or
allocate space for your
installation.

23.Continue
Partition disk
➢ Select
Continue
24.Select “Yes”
And Press Continue
25.It will ask the
confirmation before
writing the changes
to disk. Click “Yes”
and then click
“Continue”.
26.Finishing the Installation
27.Its Shows the Requesting
System Rebooting

28.Its shows the

Login Field
29.Successfully
Completed the
Task
WEEK-4

Internet & World Wide Web

Task1: Orientation & Connectivity Boot Camp: Students should get connected to their Local Area Network and
access the Internet. In the process they configure the TCP/IP setting. Finally, students should demonstrate, to the
instructor, how to access the websites and email. If there is no internet connectivity preparations need to be made by
the instructors to simulate the WWW on the LAN.

Connecting to a wired LAN with Windows 10

You can connect a LAN cable to your computer to use the internet. In most cases you will not need to manually
configure the IP address, but if you have already connected the Ethernet cable and still aren’t getting the internet you
should follow the steps below.

Please note:

• this feature may not be supported in all models, and its function and procedure may differ depending on the
model.
• you will need an IP address to connect to a wired LAN, if this is not automatically assigned you can look it
up in Network and Internet settings.

Connecting to a wired LAN

1.Connect a LAN cable to the PC's wired LAN port.

Please note: check the location of the port, since it may vary between laptop and desktop models, then connect the
cable.

Desktop

Connect a LAN cable to the port at the back of the desktop computer.

Laptop

If there is no LAN port on the side of the laptop computer, use a LAN adapter to connect.

2.Click the Start button on the taskbar and then click Settings.
3. Click Network and Internet.

4. In Status, click Network and Sharing Center.

5. Choose Change adapter settings at the upper left.

6. Right-click Ethernet and then choose Properties.

Please note: the name of the network device may vary depending on the model.
7. Select Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4), then click Properties

Please note:

• the name of the network component may vary depending on the Windows operating system.
• to add network items such as client, service, and protocol, click install at the bottom of the network list.

8 Set up the IP to use, then click OK to save your settings.

Please note:

• if your IP is not automatically assigned you can look it up in Network and Internet settings.
• to enter a fixed IP address, click Use the following IP address and then enter the address.
Accessing Web Sites

URLs and the address bar

Each website has a unique address, called a URL (short for Uniform Resource Locator). It's like a street
address that tells your browser where to go on the Internet. When you type a URL into the browser's address
bar and press Enter on your keyboard, the browser will load the page associated with that URL.

In the example below, we've typed www.bbc.com/travel into the address bar.
Understanding URLs

Every time you click a link on a website or type a web address into your browser, it’s a URL. URL stands for
Uniform Resource Locator. Think of it like a street address, with each portion of the URL as different parts of
the address, and each giving you different information. Let’s examine each component of a URL and what we
can learn from it.

Scheme

Every URL begins with the scheme. This tells your browser what type of address it is so the browser connects
to it correctly. There are many types of schemes, but for typical web browsing you will mostly
see http and https. Your browser usually won’t show the scheme in the address bar, and usually you don’t need
to type the scheme when typing a web address; instead, you can just begin with the domain name. The scheme
is still always part of the URL; it just isn’t being displayed.

Domain name

The domain name is the most prominent part of a web address. Typically, different pages on the same site will
continue to use the same domain name. For example, all pages on this site share the
GCFLearnFree.org domain name.
Each segment of the domain name separated by a period is called a domain. The domain on the right is called
a top-level domain, with the domain to the left of it called the second-level domain, then third-level domain,
and so on.

You can often learn something about the site from the domains. One of the domains usually identifies the
organization, while the top-level domain may give you more general information on what kind of site it is. For
example, in the domain name nc.gov, the .gov domain means it is a government website in the United States,
the nc domain identifies it as the website of North Carolina.
In most URLs, the www domain can be omitted. Google.com and www.google.com lead to the same page.
However, other subdomains cannot be omitted. For example, all pages under news.google.com require
the news sub domain in the URL.

File path

The file path—often just called the path—tells your browser to load a specific page. If you don’t specify
a path and only enter a domain name, your browser is still loading a specific page; it’s just loading a default
page, which usually will help you navigate to other pages.
URLs that end with the domain name without a file path usually will load a homepage or an index page that's
designed to help you navigate to specific pages on the site. Often, if you can’t remember the file path for a
specific page, you can go to the homepage and search for it.

Parameters

Some URLs include a string of characters after the path—beginning with a question mark—called
the parameter string. You have probably noticed this part of a URL appear in your address bar after performing
a search on Google or YouTube. The parameter string can be clear or confusing to a human user, but it is critical
information for the server.

Anchor

Also appearing after the path, the anchor tells your browser to scroll to or load a specific part of the page.
Usually the anchor begins with a hashtag and is used to direct your browser to a specific part of a very long
page, much like a bookmark. Different anchors don’t load different pages; they simply tell the browser to
display different parts of the page.
A whole URL

When combined, these elements make up a URL, although not all URLs will have all five parts.

Using what we learned in this tutorial, we can tell from the domain name of this URL that it’s on Wikipedia,
from the parameters that the page is probably about burritos, and from the anchor that we’ll be looking at the
section on burritos for breakfast.

Keep in mind that these are the most common components of a URL. There are many other parts, but these are
the five you will see most often and that can usually give you the most information.

Accessing Email’s
Electronic mail, commonly shortened to “email,” is a communication method that uses electronic devices to
deliver messages across computer networks. "Email" refers to both the delivery system and individual messages
that are sent and received.
• Use a web browser to navigate to your email provider and log into your email account.
• Some email clients, like Outlook, let you download apps that you can use on your computer or
mobile. These apps give you access to your email account.
Go to your email service provider. Open a new tab in your favourite web browser and go to the address of your
email service provider. Email accounts accessed online are called “webmails.” This is the most commonly used
kind of email because it’s free and anyone can use it.
• Popular email service providers include Google (Gmail), Yahoo (Yahoo Mail), AOL (AIM), and
Microsoft (Outlook).
• To find out the web address of your webmail, you may ask people you know who use the same
email service, contact the customer service department of the email provider you’re using, or just
search for it.

Type in your username and password. Once you’ve opened the web address of your email provider, you
should be able to see a login page. Enter your email account’s credentials (username and password) in the text
fields provided.
• If you forgot your password, you can click the "Forgot Password?" link. If you remember your
password, you can change it to something else within your email dashboard.

Click the “Log In” or “Sign In” button to continue. You should now be able to access your email inbox.
• Once you've accessed your email, there are numerous things you can do! For one, you
can delete all the emails from one sender.
Task 2: Web Browsers, Surfing the Web: Students customize their web browsers with the LAN proxy settings,
bookmarks, search toolbars and pop-up blockers. Also, plug-ins like Macromedia Flash and JRE for applets
should be configured.

Web browsers with the LAN proxy settings

Configure proxy in web browser (Windows, Google Chrome)

1. Open the menu in Google Chrome, and click the Settings menu.
2. Click the Under the Hood menu, which appear on the left pane.
3. Under the Network, click the Change proxy settings... button.
4. Under the Local Area Network (LAN) settings, click the LAN Settings button.
5. Under Proxy server, click to select the Use a proxy server for your LAN check box.
6. In the Address box, type the IP address or Hostname of the proxy server.
7. In the Port box, type the port number that is used by the proxy server for client connections.
8. You can click to select the Bypass proxy server for local addresses check box if you do not want the proxy
server computer to be used when you connect to a computer on the local network.
9. Click OK to close the LAN Settings dialog box.
10. Click OK again to close the Internet Options dialog box.

Using a web browser

A web browser is a type of software that allows you to find and view websites on the Internet. There are many
different web browsers, but some of the most common ones include Google Chrome, Safari, and Mozilla
Firefox, Internet explorer, Microsoft edge.

For many years, especially in the early 2000s, there was one browser that almost everyone used:
Microsoft's Internet Explorer. If you used the Internet at that time, you probably clicked an icon like this to
access the Web:
In the past, Internet Explorer was pre-installed on any PC you buy. Starting in the mid-2000s, other software
companies introduced new browsers, including Mozilla Firefox and Google Chrome. At the time, these
browsers allowed for more experimental features. Because of this, web developers began creating websites with
browsers like Chrome and Firefox in mind, which meant they didn't always work as well in Internet Explorer. If
you have a PC with Windows 10, you'll have Microsoft Edge as your web browser instead. Watch this video to
learn more about browsing in Edge.

It's always a good idea to keep at least two web browsers on your computer or mobile device. This way, if a
website isn't working correctly you can try opening the page in a different web browser. More often than not,
this trick can solve a lot of problems you might encounter online.

URLs and the address bar

Each website has a unique address, called a URL (short for Uniform Resource Locator). It's like a street
address that tells your browser where to go on the Internet. When you type a URL into the browser's address
bar and press Enter on your keyboard, the browser will load the page associated with that URL.

In the example below, we've typed www.bbc.com/travel into the address bar.

Links

Whenever you see a word or phrase on a website that's blue or underlined in blue, it's probably a hyperlink,
or link for short. You might already know how links work, even if you've never thought about them much
before. For example, try clicking the link below.

Hey, I'm a link! Click me!

Links are used to navigate the Web. When you click a link, it will usually take you to a different webpage.
You may also notice that your cursor changes into a hand icon whenever you hover over a link.
If you see this icon, it means you've found a link. You'll find other types of links this way too. For example,
many websites actually use images as links, so you can just click the image to navigate to another page.

Navigation buttons

The Back and Forward buttons allow you to move through websites you've recently viewed. You can also
click and hold either button to see your recent history.

The Refresh button will reload the current page. If a website stops working, try using the Refresh button.

Tabbed browsing

Many browsers allow you to open links in a new tab. You can open as many links as you want, and they'll stay
in the same browser window instead of cluttering your screen with multiple windows.

To open a link in a new tab, right-click the link and select Open link in new tab (the exact wording may vary
from browser to browser).
To close a tab, click the X.

To create a new blank tab, click the button to the right of any open tabs.

Bookmarks and history

If you find a website you want to view later, it can be hard to memorize the exact web address. Bookmarks,
also known as favorites, are a great way to save and organize specific websites so you can revisit them again
and again. Simply locate and select the Star icon to bookmark the current website.
Your browser will also keep a history of every site you visit. This is another good way to find a site you visited
previously. To view your history, open your browser settings—usually by clicking the icon in the upper-right
corner—and select History.
Downloading files

Links don't always go to another website. In some cases, they point to a file that can be downloaded, or saved, to
your computer.

If you click a link to a file, it may download automatically, but sometimes it just opens within your
browser instead of downloading. To prevent it from opening in the browser, you can right-click the link and
select Save link as (different browsers may use slightly different wording, like Save target as).

Saving images

Sometimes you may want to save an image from a website to your computer. To do this, right-click the image
and select Save image as (or Save picture as).
Pop-Up Blockers
A pop-up is a small window that appears while browsing a website. Marketers mainly use pop-ups for advertising
and generating leads. A pop-up blocker is any program that prohibits a pop-up at some point in time.

Block or allow pop-ups in Chrome

By default, Google Chrome blocks pop-ups from automatically showing up on your screen. When a pop-up is
blocked, the address bar will be marked Pop-up blocked . You can also decide to allow pop-ups.

Change your default pop-ups & redirects settings

1. On your computer, open Chrome.

2. At the top right, click More Settings.
3. Click Privacy and security Site Settings Pop-ups and redirects.
4. Choose the option that you want as your default setting.

Block notifications
If you still get communications from a site after disabling pop-ups, you may be subscribed to notifications. To
turn off notifications for a site:

1. On your computer, open Chrome.

2. Go to the site you get notifications from.
3. Click View site information .
4. Next to "Notifications," select Block from the drop-down menu.

You can also block notifications from your site settings.

Plug-ins

Plug-ins are small applications that allow you to view certain types of content within your web browser. For
example, Adobe Flash, Macromedia Flash and Microsoft Silverlight are sometimes used to play videos,
while Adobe Reader is used to view PDF files. Macromedia Flash is a program that creates interactive, and
animated media such as motion graphics, videos, presentations, and websites.

To enable the Java Runtime Environment (JRE) through your Web browser to follow given steps for Internet
Explorer.

Follow these instructions to enable JRE though your Web browser.

Internet Explorer
1. Click Tools and then Internet Options
2. Select the Security tab, and select the Custom Level button
3. Scroll down to Scripting of Java applets
4. Make sure the Enable radio button is checked
5. Click OK to save your preference

Following are the steps to enable JRE on Internet Explorer:

1. Click on the ‘Tools’ icon on the top right corner of the window or press Alt+X, if on windows.
2. Then for the menu select ‘Internet Options’.

3. Then in ‘Security’ tab, click on ‘Custom level’.

4. Now, In the pop-up, scroll down and search for ‘Scripting of Java applet’ and make sure it is
enabled and click OK.
If you don't have the correct plug-in for a website, your browser will usually provide a link to download it.
There may also be times when you need to update your plug-ins.
Downloading and uploading

While exploring the Internet, you’ve probably encountered the

terms downloading and uploading. Downloading means receiving data or a file from the Internet on your
computer. Uploading means sending data or a file from your computer to somewhere on the Internet.These
terms describe activities you may have already learned how to do. If you’ve ever shared a photo you took on
Facebook or another social media site, you've uploaded that photo.

Downloading

Usually, when you download a file you will start the download by clicking a link to that file. Many of our
tutorials contain links to files, like this:

If you click the link, your browser should prompt you to select one of two methods for downloading the file.

• Open with will download the file and load it immediately in the specified program.
• Save File will download it and save it to your hard drive.
Either way, once you click OK, the download begins. Your browser will indicate the progress and time
remaining on the download.

Once the download is complete, either the file will be saved to your computer or it will open in the program you
selected. If you have trouble finding the file after you’ve downloaded it, check out our Finding Your
Downloads lesson.

Some browsers don’t always start this download process when you click the link to a file. In these cases, you
can right-click the link, then click Save Link As, then select a location to download the file.

Uploading

If a site allows uploads, it will have an upload utility to help perform the file transfer. Each site handles this
process differently, but we’ll give some common examples. Usually, the site will have help pages to walk you
through the upload process.

Many sites have an upload button that opens a dialog box. For example, Facebook has a camera icon that
begins the upload process.

A dialog box will appear, prompting you to select a file. Browse to the location where your file is stored, select
it, then click the Open button. Afterward, a progress bar tracking the upload process will appear on the page.
Some sites support a drag-and-drop interface. For example, when logged in to Dropbox you can drag the files
from a folder on your computer and drop them into the browser window.
WEEK-5

Task 3: Search Engines & Netiquette: Students should know what search engines are and how to use the search
engines. A few topics would be given to the students for which they need to search on Google. This should be
demonstrated to the instructors by the student.

Using search engines

With billions of websites online today, there is a lot of information on the Internet. Search engines make this
information easier to find. Let's look at the basics of using a search engine, as well as some techniques you can
use to get better search results.

How to search the Web

There are many different search engines you can use, but some of the most popular include Google, Yahoo!,
and Bing. To perform a search, you'll need to navigate to a search engine in your web browser, type one or
more keywords—also known as search terms—then press Enter on your keyboard. In this example, we'll
search for recipes.

After you run a search, you'll see a list of relevant websites that match your search terms. These are commonly
known as search results. If you see a site that looks interesting, you can click a link to open it. If the site doesn't
have what you need, you can simply return to the results page to look for more options.
Most browsers also allow you to perform a web search directly from your address bar, although some have a
separate search bar next to the address bar. Simply type your search terms and press Enter to run the search.

Search suggestions

If you don't find what you're looking for on the first try, don't worry! Search engines are good at finding things
online, but they're not perfect. You'll often need to try different search terms to find what you're looking for.

If you're having trouble thinking of new search terms, you can use search suggestions instead. These will
usually appear as you're typing, and they're a great way to find new keywords you might not have tried
otherwise. To use a search suggestion, you can click it with your mouse, or select it with the arrow keys on your
keyboard.
Refining your search

If you're still having trouble finding exactly what you need, you can use some special characters to help refine
your search. For example, if you want to exclude a word from a search, you can type a hyphen (-) at the
beginning of a word. So if you wanted to find cookie recipes that don't include chocolate, you could search
for recipes cookies -chocolate.
You can also search for exact words or phrases to narrow down your results even more. All you need to do is
place quotation marks (" ") around the desired search terms. For example, if you search for recipes "sugar
cookies", your search results will only include recipes for sugar cookies, instead of any cookies that happen to
use sugar as an ingredient.

These techniques may come in handy in certain cases, but you probably won't need to use them with most
searches. Search engines can usually figure out what you're looking for without these extra characters. We
recommend trying a few different search suggestions before using this method.

Content-specific searches

There may be times when you're looking for something more specific, like a news article, picture, or video.
Most search engines have links at the top of the page that allow you to perform these unique searches.
In the example below, we've used the same search terms to look for images instead of websites. If you see an
image you like, you can click to visit the website it originally came from.

You can use the extra search tools to narrow down your results even more. These tools will change based on the
type of content you're looking for, but in this example we can filter our images by size, color, image type, and
more. So if you wanted to find cookies with pink frosting, you could search for images that are mostly pink.
Advertisements

One final thing to note: Most search engines include advertisements with search results. For example, you can
see advertisements at the top of the search results below.

These ads are based on your search terms, and they often look similar to other search results. While they may be
useful in some cases, it's usually more helpful to focus on the actual search results.
Task 4: Cyber Hygiene: Students would be exposed to the various threats on the internet and would be asked to
configure their computer to be safe on the internet. They need to customize their browsers to block pop ups, block
active x downloads to avoid viruses and/or worms.

Various threats on the internet

1. Computer Viruses
Computer viruses are the most common among internet security threats out there. Viruses enter your computers
by attaching to a host file or a system. Once they enter your computer, they can create damage instantly or
remain dormant.
The goal of viruses is to infect your other computers and networked systems. One of the basic steps to protecting
your computers from viruses is by setting up a firewall. This firewall works by blocking external access to your
network systems. A firewall is not 100% foolproof. But it will at least deter or slow down cyber attackers.

2. Malware
Another common security threat to your computer systems is malware or ransomware. Malware attacks your
files and will only stop until you pay the cybercriminal a hefty ransom. Studies reveal that malware affects 32%
of all the computers in the world. The attack starts by infecting your database systems. From there, it will encrypt
your data then pose a threat to delete all your files.
One of the first signs of a malware attack is the slowing down of your system. If you notice your computers
slowing down for no apparent reason, shut it down first. Disconnect them from the internet then reboot your
system. Thereafter, you can install a security product to scan your system for malware. Furthermore, install
reputable antivirus software along with your firewall.

3. Phishing
The main targets of a phishing attack include your usernames, passwords, and credit card information. They steal
valuable data by pretending to be banks and financial institutions, and they can also impersonate reputable
websites and even some of your personal contacts.
They use emails or instant messages that look legitimate at first glance. Their messages come with URLs that
prompt you to input your personal information. In turn, they’ll steal your credentials and use them to access your
accounts. To keep away from phishing attacks, be mindful of the emails and messages you receive. If you don’t
know the sender, think twice before opening the message. Also, check the content of your emails before opening
any links. If you see a lot of misspelled words, then a phishing attack is possible.
Additionally, invest in a total security program that offers protection against phishing attacks.

4. Botnets
Of all the different forms of internet security threats, this is one of the most dangerous. A botnet is similar to
malware. However, it involves a network of computers that hackers compromised.
In turn, hackers use it to control the infected computers within the network. What makes it even more dangerous
is that hackers can control the network remotely.
Since the end goal of botnets is to force you to pay a ransom, installing a dependable security program is
paramount. And if you discover one of your computers carries a botnet, you must remove the software and run
an antivirus scan thereafter.

5. Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS)

A DDoS attack looks to overwhelm hosted servers and force them to become inoperable. And if your business
involves an eCommerce shop or heavy use of social media, a DDoS attack can be catastrophic. Hence, the best
way of protecting your business from DDoS threats is to have a strong relationship with your internet service
provider. This is crucial especially if you’re using small business email hosting. Furthermore, if you’re using
cloud hosting, make sure to check your network protection. For starters, it is wise to invest in dependable
options like Microsoft Azure cloud.

6. Trojan Horse
A Trojan Horse is a program that looks legitimate and harmless. But in reality, it is a vector that carries many
harmful viruses. Once it gains network access, it can steal sensitive company data.
The most common method for Trojan Horse attacks is through email. The email usually comes with a link or
attachment containing the viruses. Once you open the attachment, it automatically downloads malware to your
computer. Apart from installing cybersecurity software, you should update your software regularly. This also
includes your security patches.

7. SQL Injection Attack

Another dangerous threat is an SQL injection attack. It uses malicious code to penetrate your weak security
systems. Thereafter, it can steal or destroy your valuable data. Protection against SQL attacks involves updating
all your database software. Make sure to update all security patches. Avoid sharing database accounts using
different applications or sites.

8. Rootkit
Similar to botnets, a rootkit allows hackers to access your system remotely. They do this by placing a collection
of tools on your network. Some of the common forms of rootkit attacks include the stealing of passwords and
disabling antiviruses, among others.
Rootkits enter your network if your system security is vulnerable. Thus, the solution is to keep your patches up-
to-date.

9. Rogue Security Software

This is a form of malicious software that makes you believe that your computer has a virus. Sometimes, it will
fool you into believing that your security measures are old. In turn, they will offer new updates for your security
settings. And once you update using their program, that’s the time the malware can enter your computers. To
avoid this attack, you need a dependable security system. Also, do not download updates from dubious sources.
Additionally, update through legitimate sites and channels.

10. APT Threats

As for the APT threat, surreptitiously enter your system through coding. Once the APT is inside your system, it
will remain there quietly while stealing your financial information. APT attacks are difficult to detect. Hence,
you must pay attention to unusual patterns in your network activity.

Pop-Up Blockers
A pop-up is a small window that appears while browsing a website. Marketers mainly use pop-ups for advertising
and generating leads. A pop-up blocker is any program that prohibits a pop-up at some point in time.
Block or allow pop-ups in Chrome
By default, Google Chrome blocks pop-ups from automatically showing up on your screen. When a pop-up is
blocked, the address bar will be marked Pop-up blocked . You can also decide to allow pop-ups.

Change your default pop-ups & redirects settings

5. On your computer, open Chrome.

6. At the top right, click More Settings.
7. Click Privacy and security Site Settings Pop-ups and redirects.
8. Choose the option that you want as your default setting.

Block active x downloads

ActiveX is a technology made by Microsoft that lets web developers make things like animations, videos, and
games that can be played on the web. It gives these interactive elements a way to work together smoothly in
a web browser. ActiveX works by giving web pages a set of software parts that can be used over and over
again. These parts are basically pre-written pieces of code that can do specific things, like play a video or show
a chart.
These parts can be used by web developers to make interactive content that works in a web browser. When a
user visits a web page with ActiveX content, the web browser downloads the necessary parts and uses them to
show the content on the page. ActiveX components can be written in many different programming languages,
such as C++, Visual Basic, Java, and others.

How to Enable or Disable ActiveX on Chrome Browser

Configuring Chrome Settings

1. Start up Chrome.
2. Click on the menu icon, which looks like three lines or dots.
3. Click on “Settings.”
4. Scroll to the bottom and click “Advanced.”
5. Go to the “System” part of the page.
6. Click “Open proxy settings” to open a new window.
7. Go to the “Security” tab in the new window and click “Custom Level.”
8. Scroll down and choose “Prompt” for “Download signed ActiveX controls” and “Download
unsigned ActiveX controls.”
9. Make sure that the option to “Run ActiveX controls and plug-ins” is turned on.
10. To see the changes, click “OK” and then restart your browser.

Adding an ActiveX Extension

1. Get the ActiveX plug-in from somewhere else.
2. Click on the menu icon in Chrome.
3. Click on “More Tools” and then “Extensions.”
4. Find the plug-in you downloaded and drag it to the Extensions page.
5. When the list of permissions comes up, click “Add.”
6. To use the ActiveX extension, you need to restart your browser.

Reasons to Enable or Disable ActiveX on Chrome

• For websites that need ActiveX to work. ActiveX is still used on some sites, like banking sites. You
will need to turn on ActiveX if you want to use any of these websites.
• to use software from before. Some older games and apps that help you get things done may need
ActiveX. You will need to turn on ActiveX if you want to use any of these programs.
• To use certain Chrome features. Some parts of Chrome, like the PDF viewer, need ActiveX to work.
You will need to turn on ActiveX if you want to use these features.
WEEK-6

LaTeX and WORD

Task 1 – Word Orientation: The mentor needs to give an overview of La TeX and Microsoft (MS) office or
equivalent (FOSS) tool word: Importance of La TeX and MS office or equivalent (FOSS) tool Word as word
Processors, Details of the four tasks and features that would be covered in each, Using La TeXand word –
Accessing, overview of toolbars, saving files, Using help and resources, rulers, format painter in word.

LaTeX
LaTeX is a high-quality typesetting system; it includes features designed for the production of technical and
scientific documentation. LaTeX is the de facto standard for the communication and publication of scientific
documents. LaTeX is available as free software.
An introduction to LaTeX
LaTeX, which is pronounced «Lah-tech» or «Lay-tech» (to rhyme with «blech» or «Bertolt Brecht»), is a
document preparation system for high-quality typesetting. It is most often used for medium-to-large technical
or scientific documents but it can be used for almost any form of publishing.

LaTeX is not a word processor! Instead, LaTeX encourages authors not to worry too much about the
appearance of their documents but to concentrate on getting the right content. For example, consider this
document:

Cartesian closed categories and the price of eggs

Jane Doe
September 1994

Hello world!
To produce this in most typesetting or word-processing systems, the author would have to decide what layout to
use, so would select (say) 18pt Times Roman for the title, 12pt Times Italic for the name, and so on. This has
two results: authors wasting their time with designs; and a lot of badly designed documents!

LaTeX is based on the idea that it is better to leave document design to document designers, and to let authors
get on with writing documents. So, in LaTeX you would input this document as:

\documentclass{article}
\title{Cartesian closed categories and the price of eggs}
\author{Jane Doe}
\date{September 1994}
\begin{document}
\maketitle
Hello world!
\end{document}

o This document is an article.

o Its title is Cartesian closed categories and the price of eggs.
o Its author is Jane Doe.
o It was written in September 1994.
o The document consists of a title followed by the text Hello world!
LaTeX Features
o Typesetting journal articles, technical reports, books, and slide presentations.
o Control over large documents containing sectioning, cross-references, tables and figures.
o Typesetting of complex mathematical formulas.
o Advanced typesetting of mathematics with AMS-LaTeX.
o Automatic generation of bibliographies and indexes.
o Multi-lingual typesetting.
o Inclusion of artwork, and process or spot colour.
o Using PostScript or Meta font fonts.
WEEK-7
WORD

Task 2: Using La TeX and Word to create a project certificate. Features to be covered:- Formatting Fonts
in word, Drop Cap in word, Applying Text effects, Using Character Spacing, Borders and Colors,
Inserting Header and Footer, Using Date and Time option in both LaTeX and Word.
Header and Footer:
1. To create a header, enter text or graphics in the header area
or click button on the header and footer toolbar.
2. To create footer, click switch between header and footer.
3. Then click exit.
Date and Time:
Insert a date field that automatically updates so that the current date isdisplayed when you
open or print the file.
Insert a time field that automatically updates so that the current timeis
displayed when you open or print the file.

Border:
• On the format menu, click borders and shadings.

• To specify that the border appears on a particular side of a page, suchas onlyat
the top, click custom under setting.
• To specify a particular page or section for the borders to appear,click
theoption you want to apply.

• To specify the exact position of the border on the page. Finally, click OK.
Color:
• Select the text you want to make a different color.

• To apply the color most recently applied to text, click font color.

• To apply different colors, click the arrow on the right of the font colorbutton,
select the color you want and then click the button.
PROCEDURE:

First click start button on the status bar. Then select program and again select
Microsoft word. On the menu bar click the file option. Then again click new. Then
enter the text not less than 100 words. A header appears at the top and the footer
appears at the bottom of each page. On the view menu, click header and footer
option. From dialogue box, make the required changes and then click OK. On the
format menu, click borders and shading s make required changes and the click OK.
Select the text you want and make the different color. Click on right of the font
color button, and then select the color you want and then click on the button.
WEEK-8
Task 3: Creating project abstract Features to be covered: -Formatting Styles, inserting table, Bullets and
Numbering, Changing Text Direction, Cell alignment, Footnote, Hyperlink, Symbols, Spell Check, Track
Changes.
AIM:
To create a document applying the above-mentioned techniques.
Software Requirement:MS-WORD
Hardware Requirement: Personal computer
THEORY:
Table:
A table consists of rows and columns.

Cell Alignment:
Aligns contents written in a table in the top left corner or top rightcorner or in
the center etc...
Foot Note:
Foot notes are used to comment on, or provide references for text in adocument.

Hyperlink:
It is a colored and underlined text or a graphic that you click to go to a file, a location in a file,
an HTML page on the World Wide Web, or an HTML page in an intranet.

Symbols:
You may not be able to enter certain symbols into your word document, as there is a
limitation on the keys on the keyboard. Creating these new symbols especially when working with
mathematical terms becomes very difficult. For example we can insert symbols such as≡,≈, ,..
Spell check:
It automatically checks for spelling and grammatical errors

Bullets and Numbering:

In Microsoft word we can easily create bulleted or numbered list ofitems.
Formatting Styles:
o A style is a set of rules to be followed for the effective document.
o Style can be applied to text, paragraph, table or a list.
Changing text direction:
You can change the text orientation in drawing objects, such as text boxes, shapes, and
callouts, or in table cells so that the text is displayed vertically or horizontally.

Track changes:
A track change is an excellent feature of Microsoft word as it enables a user or
reviewer to keep track of the changes that have taken a period. Changes like insertion, deletion or
formatting changes can be kept track of.

Procedure:
Changing Text direction:

1. Click the drawing object or table cell that contains the text you want tochange.
2. On the Format menu, click Text Direction.
3. Click the orientation you want.

Table:

1. Click where you want to create a table.

2. On the Table menu, point to Insert, and then click Table.
3. Under Table size, select the number of columns and rows.
4. Under AutoFit behavior, choose options to adjust table size.
5. To use a built-in table format, click AutoFormat.
Select the options you want

Cell Alignment:

1. Click the cell that contains text you want to align.

2. On the Tables and Borders toolbar, select the option for the horizontal and vertical
alignment you want— for example, Align Bottom Center or Align Top Right.

Foot Note:

1. In print layout view, click where you want to insert the note referencemark.
2. On the Insert menu, point to Reference, and then click Footnote.
3. Click Footnotes or Endnotes.
By default, Word places footnotes at the end of each page and endnotes at the end of
the document. You can change the placement of footnotes and endnotes by making a
selection in the Footnotes or Endnotes box.

4. In the Number format box, click the format you want.

5. Click Insert.
Word inserts the note number and places the insertion point next to thenote number.

6. Type the note text.

7. Scroll to your place in the document and continue typing.
As you insert additional footnotes or endnotes in the document, Wordautomatically
applies the correct number format.

Hyper link:
Select the text or picture you want to display as the hyperlink, and then clickInsert Hyperlink
on the Standard toolbar

Do one of the following:

1. Link to an existing file or web page:

1. Under Link to, click Existing File or Web Page.

2. In the Address box, type the address you want to link to or, in the Look in box,
click the down arrow, and navigate to and select the file

2. Link to a file you haven‘t created yet

Under Link to, click Create New Document.

3. In the Name of new document box, type the name of the new file.
4. Under When to edit, click either Edit the new document later or Editthe new
document now
An e-mail address:

1. Select the text or picture you want to display as the hyperlink, and thenclick Insert
Hyperlink on the Standard toolbar
2. Under Link to, click E-mail Address.
3. Either type the e-mail address you want in the E-mail address box, or selectan e-mail
address in the recently used e-mail addresses box.
4. In the Subject box, type the subject of the e-mail messageA
specific location in another document

1. Insert a bookmark in the destination file or Web page.

2. Open the file that you want to link from, and select the text or object youwant to
display as the hyperlink.
3. On the Standard toolbar, click Insert Hyperlink .
4. Under Link to, click Existing File or Web Page.
5. In the Look in box, click the down arrow, and navigate to and select thefile that
you want to link to.
6. Click Bookmark, select the bookmark you want, and then click OK.
Symbol:

1. Click where you want to insert the symbol.

2. On the Insert menu, click Symbol, and then click the Symbols tab.
3. In the Font box, click the font that you want.
4. Double-click the symbol that you want to insert.
5. Click Close
Spell check:
1. On the Standard toolbar, click Spelling and Grammar .
2. When Word finds a possible spelling or grammatical problem, make yourchanges in
the Spelling and Grammar dialog box.

Bullets and Numbering:

1. Type 1. to start a numbered list or * (asterisk) to start a bulleted list, andthen press
SPACEBAR or TAB.
2. Type any text you want.
3. Press ENTER to add the next list item.
Word automatically inserts the next number or bullet.

4. To finish the list, press ENTER twice, or press BACKSPACE to delete thelast bullet
or number in the list

Formatting Styles:
1. Select the words, paragraph, list, or table you want to change.
2. If the Styles and Formatting task pane is not open, click Styles and
Formatting on the Formatting toolbar
3. Click the style you want in the Styles and Formatting task pane. Ifthe

style you want is not listed, click All Styles in the Show box

Track Changes:

1. Open the document you want to revise.

2. On the Tools menu, click Track Changes
WEEK-9
Task 4: Creating a Newsletter: Features to be covered:- Table of Content, Newspaper columns, Images
from files and clipart, Drawing toolbar and Word Art, Formatting Images, Textboxes, Paragraphs and
Mail Merge in word.

AIM : Create a news Letter

Software Requirement: MS-WORD

Hardware Requirement: Personal computer

THEORY:
Table of contents:
Table of contents displays a list of headings in a created document. It
basically provides an outline of the entire document created

Newspaper columns:
One can create a newspaper columns document by specifying the number of
new letter-style column required and then adjust their width , and add vertical lines between
columns.

Images from files and clipart:

Inserting a picture (graphic) from a file and clipart may be required for a
document. This picture could be a scanned photograph or any other digitally produced one.
This pictures can be modified , resized, cropped and enhanced.

Drawing toolbar and Word Art:

One can create his/her own drawings in Microsoft word. Ms word providesa full
fledged drawing tool bar.
Word Art in Microsoft word enables you to create special and decorative text.

Formatting Images, Textboxes and Paragraphs:

Formatting an image includes selecting appropriate color, size, layout and
cropping.
Generally the text in a document follows a standard orientation (line after line). A text box
provides a different orientation to the text with in a document. It can arrange the text in
anywhere and can be resized and moreover moved to any section of the document or even
outside. When you are formatting a paragraph, you do not need to highlight the entire
paragraph. Placing the cursor anywhere in the paragraph enables you to format it. After you set
a paragraph format, subsequent paragraphs will have the same format unless you change the
format.
PROCEDURE:
Table of contents:

1. Click where you want to insert the table of contents.

2. On the Insert menu, point to Reference, and click Index and Tables.
3. Click the Table of Contents tab.
4. To use one of the available designs, click a design in the Formats box.
5. Select any other table of contents options you want.

Newspaper columns:

1. Select the entire or part of document to be converted into a newsletter-style

2. Click on format menu , select columns
3. Any desired number of columns are presets-one or two or three or left or rightb\can be
selected.
4. Width and spacing can be fixed and equal columns width can be checked foruniformity
5. If newspaper columns are to be separated by a line, then check line between

6. Under apply to will be whole document if entire document is selected else wehave to
select a selected text.
7. Click ok

Inserting images from files and clip art:

1. Click where you want to insert the picture.
2. On the Insert menu, point to Picture, and then click From File.
3. Locate the picture you want to insert.
4. Double-click the picture you want to insert.CLIP
ART:
1. On the Insert menu, point to Picture, and then click Clip Art.
2. In the Clip Art task pane, in the Search for box, type a word or phrase that
describes the clip you want or type in all or some of the file name of the clip.
3. To narrow your search, do one or both of the following:
To limit search results to a specific collection of clips, in the Search in
box, click the arrow and select the collections you want to search.
To limit search results to a specific type of media file, in the Results
should be box, click the arrow and select the check box next to the
types of clips you want to find.
4. Click Go.

5. If you don't know the exact file name, you can substitute wildcard characters for
one or more real characters. Use the asterisk (*) as a substitute for zero or more
characters in a file name. Use the question mark (?) as a substitute for a single
character in a file name.

6. In the Results box, click the clip to insert it.

Drawing Toolbar and Word Art:

1. Click in your document where you want to create the drawing.

2. On the Insert menu, point to Picture, and then click New Drawing.
A drawing canvas is inserted into your document.

3. Use the Drawing toolbar to add any shapes or pictures that youwant

WORD ART:
1. On the Drawing toolbar, click Insert WordArt .

2.Click the WordArt effect you want, and then click OK.

3. In the Edit WordArt Text dialog box, type the text you want.4.Do any
of the following:

To change the font type, in the Font list, select a font.To change
the font size, in the Size list, select a size.To make text bold,
click the Bold button.
To make text italic, click the Italic button.
Formatting Images:

1. Formatting of the images can be achieved by selecting the image anddouble

click on the picture, format picture dialog box appears.

2. The same can be achieved by selecting the tools menu > customize>toolbars
tab>picture and click close.

Basic formatting features of an image

Resize a drawing

1. Select the drawing canvas

2. On the Drawing Canvas toolbar, do one of the following:
o To make the drawing canvas boundary larger without changing thesize of the
objects on the canvas, click Expand .
o To make the drawing canvas boundary fit tightly around the drawing
objects or pictures, click Fit .

o To scale the drawing and make the objects and canvas proportionately smaller or
larger, click Scale Drawing, and then drag the edges of the canvas.

Resize a picture or shape

1. Position the mouse pointer over one of the sizing handles
2. Drag the sizing handle until the object is the shape and size you want.
To increase or decrease the size in one or more directions, drag the mouseaway from or
toward the center, while doing one of the following:
o To keep the center of an object in the same place, hold down CTRLwhile
dragging the mouse.
o To maintain the object's proportions, drag one of the corner sizing
handles.
o To maintain the proportions while keeping the center in the same place,hold
down CTRL while dragging one of the corner sizing handles.
Crop a picture

1. Select the picture you want to crop.

2. On the Picture toolbar, click Crop .
3. Position the cropping tool over a cropping handle and then do one of thefollowing:
o To crop one side, drag the center handle on that side inward.
o To crop equally on two sides at once, hold down CTRL as you drag
the center handle on either side inward.
o To crop equally on all four sides at once, hold down CTRL as you
drag a corner handle inward.
4. On the Picture toolbar, click Crop to turn off the Crop command.

Text Box:
1. On the Drawing toolbar, click Text Box .
2. Click or drag in your document where you want to insert the text box
3. You can use the options on the Drawing toolbar to enhance a text box—for
example, to change the fill color— just as you can with any other drawing object

Paragraphs: Change line spacing

Select the text you want to change.

1. On the Formatting toolbar, point to Line Spacing, and then do one ofthe
following:
o To apply a new setting, click the arrow, and then select the number thatyou
want.
oTo apply the most recently used setting, click the button.
o To set more precise measurements, click the arrow, click More,and
then select the options you want under Line Spacing.

Change spacing before or after paragraphs

1. Select the paragraphs in which you want to change spacing.

2. On the Format menu, click Paragraph, and then click the Indents andSpacing
tab.
3. Under Spacing, enter the spacing you want in the Before or After box.

Change paragraph direction

1. Place the insertion point in the paragraph that you want to change, or selectseveral
paragraphs.
2. Do one of the following:
o To have text begin from the left, click Left-to-Right on the Formattingtoolbar.
o To have text begin from the right, click Right-to-Left on the Formattingtoolbar.

When you change the paragraph direction, Microsoft Word leaves justified and centered text
as it is. In the case of left-aligned or right -aligned text, Word flips the alignment to its
opposite. For example, if you have a left-to-right paragraph that is right aligned, such as the
date at the top of a letter, clicking Right-to-Left results in a right-to-left paragraph that is left
aligned.

Forms:
Using Microsoft word one can create an organized and structured document with a provision
to enter the required information into it. A document of such nature is called a form.
Mail Merge
Mail Merge is a useful tool that allows you to produce multiple letters, labels, envelopes, name tags, and more
using information stored in a list, database, or spreadsheet. When performing a Mail Merge, you will need
a Word document (you can start with an existing one or create a new one) and a recipient list, which is
typically an Excel workbook.

To use Mail Merge:

1. Open an existing Word document or create a new one.
2. From the Mailings tab, click the Start Mail Merge command and select Step-by-Step Mail
Merge Wizard from the drop-down menu.

The Mail Merge pane will appear and guide you through the six main steps to complete a merge. The
following example demonstrates how to create a form letter and merge the letter with a recipient list.

Step 1:
• From the Mail Merge task pane on the right side of the Word window, choose the type of
document you want to create. In our example, we'll select Letters. Then click Next: Starting
document to move to Step 2.
Step 2:
• Select Use the current document, then click Next: Select recipients to move to Step 3.

Step 3:

Now you'll need an address list so Word can automatically place each address into the document. The list can be in
an existing file, such as an Excel workbook, or you can type a new address list from within the Mail Merge
Wizard.
1. Select Use an existing list, then click Browse to select the file.

2. Locate your file, then click Open.

3. If the address list is in an Excel workbook, select the worksheet that contains the list, then
click OK.

4. In the Mail Merge Recipients dialog box, you can check or uncheck each box to control
which recipients are included in the merge. By default, all recipients should be selected.
When you're done, click OK.
5. Click Next: Write your letter to move to Step 4.

If you don't have an existing address list, you can click the Type a new list button and click Create, then type
your address list manually.

Step 4:

Now you're ready to write your letter. When it's printed, each copy of the letter will basically be the same; only
the recipient data (such as the name and address) will be different. You'll need to add placeholders for the
recipient data so Mail Merge knows exactly where to add the data.
To insert recipient data:
1. Place the insertion point in the document where you want the information to appear.

2. Choose one of the placeholder options. In our example, we'll select Address block.

3. Depending on your selection, a dialog box may appear with various customization options.
Select the desired options, then click OK.
4. A placeholder will appear in your document (for example, «AddressBlock»).

5. Add any other placeholders you want. In our example, we'll add a Greeting line placeholder
just above the body of the letter.
6. When you're done, click Next: Preview your letters to move to Step 5.

For some letters, you'll only need to add an Address block and Greeting line. But you can also add more
placeholders (such as recipients' names or addresses) in the body of the letter to personalize it even further.

Step 5:
1. Preview the letters to make sure the information from the recipient list appears correctly in
the letter. You can use the left and right scroll arrows to view each version of the document.
2. If everything looks correct, click Next: Complete the merge to move to Step 6.

Step 6:
1. Click Print to print the letters.
2. A dialog box will appear. Decide if you want to print All of the letters, the current document
(record), or only a select group, then click OK. In our example, we'll print all of the letters.

3. The Print dialog box will appear. Adjust the print settings if needed, then click OK. The
letters will be printed.
Challenge!
1. Open our practice document and practice recipient list.
2. Use the Mail Merge Wizard to merge the letter with the recipient list.
3. Insert an address block at the top of the document. Choose the second format: Joshua
Randall Jr.
4. Above the body of the letter, insert a Greeting Line. Format the greeting line so it says Mr.
Randall,

5. Check your letters to make sure they are formatted correctly. Your third letter should look
something like this:

6. Complete the merge.

WEEK-10

EXCEL
Excel Orientation: The mentor needs to tell the importance of MS office or equivalent (FOSS) tool Excel as a
Spreadsheet tool, give the details of the four tasks and features that would be covered in each. Using Excel –
Accessing, overview of toolbars, saving excel files, Using help and resources.

Introduction to MS-Excel

Excel is a computerized spreadsheet, which is an important business tool that helps you report
and analyze information. Excel stores spreadsheets in documents called workbooks. Each workbook
is made up of individual worksheets, or sheets. Because all sorts of calculations can be made in the
Excel spreadsheet, it is much more flexible than a paper spreadsheet. The Excel window has some
basic components, such as an Active cell, Column headings, a Formula bar, a Name box, the mouse
pointer, Row headings, Sheet tabs, a Task Pane, Tab scrolling buttons and Toolbars.
Sample Worksheet
Excel worksheet and workbooks

When you set up calculations in a worksheet, if an entry is changed in a cell, the spreadsheet
will automatically update any calculated values that were based on that entry. When you open Excel,
by default it will open a blank workbook with three blank worksheets. When you save a workbook,
you have a Save As option that can save the spreadsheet to earlier versions of Excel or to Quattro
Pro, Lotus 123 formats, dBase formats, and even to a comma or tab delimited text file.
Identify Excel components

To navigate within a workbook, you use the arrow keys, Page Up, Page Down, or the Ctrl Key
in combination with the arrow keys to make larger movements. The most direct means of Navigation
is with your mouse.
Scroll bars are provided and work as they do in all Windows applications. To move to other Worksheets,
you can:
A. Click their tab with the mouse
B. Use the Ctrl key with the Page Up and Page Down keys to move sequentially up or down
Through the worksheets.

If you are familiar with Microsoft Access, you will find the tab scrolling buttons for Moving
between worksheets to be similar to record browsing on an Access form or Datasheet.
Developing a Worksheet
➢ Determine the worksheet’s purpose. Enter the data and formulas.
➢ Test the worksheet and make any necessary edits / corrections
➢ Document the worksheet and improve appearance.
➢ Save and print the complete worksheet.
Entering data into a worksheet
To enter data, first make the cell in which you want to enter the data active by clicking it.
Enter the data (text, formulas, dates, etc.) into the active cell.
Use the Alt + Enter key combination to enter text on multiple lines within the same cell. Use
TAB Key, arrow keys, or ENTER key to navigate among the cells.

Entering Formulas
A formula is a mathematical expression that calculates a value. In Excel, formulas always
Begin with an equal sign (=).
A formula can consist of one or more arithmetic operators.
The order of precedence is a set of predefined rules that Excel follows to calculate a formula.
Resize worksheet rows and columns
There are a number of methods for altering row height and column width using the mouse or
menus:
Click the dividing line on the column or row, and drag the dividing line to change the width of
the column or Height of the row Double-click the border of a column heading, and the column will
increase in width to match the length of the longest entry in the column Widths are expressed either
in terms of the number of characters or the number of screen pixels. Identify cell ranges
➢ A group of worksheet cells is known as a cell range, or range.
➢ Working with ranges in a worksheet makes working with the data easier.
➢ Ranges can be adjacent or nonadjacent.
➢ An adjacent range is a single, rectangular block of cell
➢ Select an adjacent range by clicking on a cell and dragging to an opposite corner of a
➢ rectangle of cells
➢ A nonadjacent range is comprised of two or more adjacent ranges that are not
contiguous to each other
➢ To select a nonadjacent range, begin by selecting an adjacent range, then press and hold
down the Ctrl key as you select other adjacent ranges

Select and move worksheet cells

To select a large area of cells, select the first cell in the range, press and hold the Shift key,
and then click the last cell in the range.
Once you have selected a range of cells, you may move the cells within the worksheet by
clicking and dragging the selection from its current location to its new one.
By pressing and holding the Ctrl key as you drag, Excel will leave the original selection in its
place and paste a copy of the selection in the new location. To move between workbooks, use the
Alt key while dragging the selection.

Insert worksheet rows and columns

You can insert one or many additional rows or columns within a worksheet with just a few
steps using the mouse or menu options. You can insert individual cells within a row or column and
then choose how to displace the existing cells. You can click the Insert menu and then select row or
column, or right click on a row or column heading or a selection of cells and then choose Insert from
the shortcut menu. Delete worksheet rows and columns

To delete and clear cells, rows, or columns, you can use the Edit menu, or right click on a
heading or a selection of cells and choose Delete from the shortcut menu. Clearing, as opposed to
deleting, does not alter the structure of the worksheet or shift unclear data cells. What can be
confusing about this process is that you can use the Delete key to clear cells, but it does not remove
them from the worksheet as you might expect.

Use undo and redo features

Editing is an intrinsic task in any document, and especially useful are the Undo and Redo
actions. The Undo feature allows you to sequentially back up to a certain action, such as a delete, a
move, an entry, etc. Allows you to reverse those actions. Redo allows you to reapply actions one step
at a time that you have previously undone.
Print as workbook
To print a worksheet, you can use: A menu The print button on the standard toolbar.

The Ctrl-P keystroke to initiate a printout of the worksheet

Task 1: Creating a Scheduler - Features to be covered: Gridlines, Format Cells, Summation, auto fill,
Formatting Text.

Operating System, MS Office Package (MS- Excel Application)

Microsoft Excel is a proprietary commercial spreadsheet application written and distributed by Microsoft for
Microsoft Windows. It features calculation, graphing tools, pivot tables, and a macro programming language called
Visual Basic for Applications.

Grid lines
1. Click the worksheet.
2. On the file menu, click page Layout and the go to sheet options.
3. Click gridlines.

Format Cell
1. Change the font and font size.
2. Change the text color.
3. Make selected text or numbers bold, italic or underlined.
4. Create a new style.

Auto fit
1. Combine cells horizontally or vertically to make one large cell.
2. Add borders to cells.
3. Shade cells with colors.
4. Change the column width and row height
5. Change the font, font size or colors of text.
6. Align text vertically at the top, center and bottom of cell.

Formatting the text

1. Select the text you want to format.

2. On the format menu click cells and then click number tab.
3. In the catalog box click text.
4. Enter the numbers in the formatted cells.
5. Click ok.
6. Then press enter and reenter the data.
WEEK-11

Task 2: Calculating GPA -. Features to be covered:- Cell Referencing, Formulae in excel – average, std. deviation,
Charts, Renaming and Inserting worksheets, Hyper linking, Count function.

Procedure
1. On the chart menu click chart type
2. Text direction.
3. Click the arrow down next to the text direction button. For right to left click right to left.
For left to right reading order, click left to right.
4. For reading order that is consistent with the language of the first entered character, click
context. For reading order that is inconsistent with the language of the first entered
character, click control.
5. In the tools menu click options and then click chart tab.
6. To show all worksheet data in the chart even if some rows and columns are hidden, clear the
plot visible cells by check box.
7. To prevent hidden rows and columns from displaying in the chart, select the plot cells
only check box

Hyper Linking
1. Create a worksheet: On the file menu, click new, and then click blank workbook task pane.
2. Insert a worksheet: C lick worksheet on the insert menu. Right click on sheet tab and then
click insert double click the template for the type of sheet you want.
3. Hyperlink: Using hyperlink we can insert one more sheet in the present sheet
4. Count function: Create a blank worksheet press control +c. In the worksheet select cell A
and press control +c. On the tools menu point to formula auditing and then click formula
auditing menu.
Worksheet
1. In the file menu go to menu then a new worksheet is created.
2. To add a single worksheet, click worksheet on the Insert menu. To add multiple
3. worksheets hold down shift and then click the number of worksheet tasks to add in an open
Workbook
Sort
1. Click a cell in the list you want to sort.
2. On the Data menu click sort.
3. Under first key sort click the custom sort order you want and then click ok.
4. Click any other sorting option you want.

Formulae in Excel
Charts
1. Get your data into Excel. First, you need to input your data into Excel.
2. Choose a type of chart/graph to create. ...
3. Switch axes, if necessary. ...
4. Adjust your labels and legends, if desired. ...
5. Change the Y axis measurement options, if desired. ...
6. Reorder data, if desired.
FORMULAS IN EXCEL

CALCULATE PRODUCTION PER HOUR

Data for some employees is recorded in a worksheet. They work a varied number of hours Each
day to produce clocks. By calculating the number of pieces each employee produces per hour, it
can be determined who is the most productive employee.

To see who the most productive employee is:

1. In a worksheet, enter your own data or the data shown in Figure 1–1.
2. Select cells D2:D7.
3. Enter the following formula: =C2/(B2*24).
4. Press <Ctrl+Enter>to fill the selected cell range with the current entry.
5. From the toolbar select Home and go to Number.
6. Click the dropdown arrow and select Format Cells.
7. Select the Number tab and then select Number from the Category list.
8. Set Decimal places to 2.
9. Click OK.
Count Function
Some of the content in this topic may not be applicable to some languages.
1. To count words in selected text only, select the text you want.
If you don’t select any text, Microsoft Word counts the words in the whole document.

2. On the Tools menu, click Word Count.

Word displays counts forwards, paragraphs, lines, and characters.

3. To add or remove footnotes and endnotes from the count, select or clear they Include foot notes and end notes
checkbox

LOOKUP/VLOOKUP
Task 3: Split cells, freeze panes, group and outline, Sorting, Boolean and logical operators, Conditional
formatting

This document explains the functions of VLOOKUP and HLOOKUP and how to use them
in a spreadsheet. It can be used in all versions of Microsoft Excel.

VLOOKUP and HLOOKUP are functions in Excel that allow you to search atable of data
and based on what the user has supplied and give appropriate information from that table.

If you have a table of Student ID numbers, Student Names and Grades, you can set up
Excel so that if a Student ID number is supplied by the user, it will look through the table
and output the student's name and grade.

A B C
VLOOKUP

Student ID Number 1234 User supplied

Student Name John Smith From table

Semester Grade A/B From table
VLOOKUP allows you to search a table that is set up vertically. That is, all of the data is set
up in columns and each column is responsible for one kind of data. In the Student Record
example, there would be a separate column of data for Student Names, one for Student ID
numbers, etc.

HLOOKUP is the exact same function, but looks up data that hasbeen
formatted by rows instead of column.

Student ID Number 1234 1689 2495 3697 9228

Student Name John Smith Jane Jones Michelle Schreiner Jack Lepak Rod Arneson
Semester Grade A/B B/C B A B

The format of the VLOOKUP function is:

VLOOKUP (lookup _value, table _array, col _index _num, range _lookup)
The lookup _value is the user input. This is the value that the function uses to search
on. If you are searching a table by the Student ID number, then the lookup _value is
the cell that contains the inputted Student ID number being looked up.

The table _array is the area of cells in which the table is located. This includes not only
the column being searched on, but the data columns for which you are going to get the
values that you need. Back to the example, the table_array would not only include the
Student ID number column, but the columns for the Student Names and Grades as well.

The col _index _num is the column of data that contains the answer that you want. If your
table is set up as: column 1 - Student ID Number, column 2 - Student Names, column 3 -
Grades and you inputted a Student ID Number and you want to retrieve the grade that was
received for that person, the col _index
_num would be 3. 3 is the column number of the data column for the ANSWER that you are
trying to look up.

Range _lookup is a TRUE or FALSE value. When set to TRUE, the

lookup function gives the closest match to the lookup _value without going over the
lookup _value. When set to FALSE, an exact match must be found to the lookup _value
or the function will return #N/A. Note, this requires that the column containing the
lookup _value be formatted in ascending order.

To use the Function Wizard to insert a VLOOKUP function:

1. Select the cell that will contain the answer to the VLOOKUP and select
Insert -> Function...

2. Under the Function Category, choose either All or Lookup & Reference.

3. Under the Function Name, select VLOOKUP, and hit OK.

4. The Function Wizard for VLOOKUP will then display. The 4 values talked
about above (lookup _value, table _array, col _index _num, range_lookup) are
required by the function. Each line for each value
required. If you put the cursor into the first line for lookup _value, down
below it explains what the lookup _value is for your reference. Similar
information is displayed when the cursor is in any of the other fields.

5. Enter in the lookup _value either by typing in the number for the cell, or,by
selecting the cell on the worksheet.
6. Enter in the table _array by typing in the numbers for the cells, or,by
selecting the group of cells on the worksheet.
7. Enter in the number for column which contains the data that you wish toobtain in
the col _index _num area.

Enter into the range _lookup field the value TRUE if the function should acceptthe closest
value to your lookup _value without going over or FALSE if an exact match is required.
8. Hit OK when ready.
WEEK-12

POWER POINT
Task 1: Students will be working on basic power point utilities and tools which help them create basic power
point presentations. PPT Orientation, Slide Layouts, Inserting Text, Word Art, Formatting Text, Bullets and
Numbering, Auto Shapes, Lines and Arrows in PowerPoint.

Basic tasks for creating a PowerPoint presentation

Insert a new slide

• On the Home tab, click the bottom half of New Slide, and pick a slide layout.

Save your presentation

1. On the File tab, choose Save.

2. Pick or browse to a folder.
3. In the File name box, type a name for your presentation, and then choose Save.

Change the page orientation in PowerPoint between

landscape and portrait
PowerPoint slides are automatically set up in landscape (horizontal) layout

, but you can change the slide orientation to portrait (vertical) layout

• Select the Design tab:

• Near the right end, select Slide Size, and then click Custom Slide Size.

• In the Slide Size dialog box, select Portrait, then select OK.

• In the next dialog box, you can select Maximize to take full advantage of the space available, or you can select
Ensure Fit to make sure that your content fits on the vertical page.

Inserting text

1,Select a text placeholder, and begin typing.

2.Once you click in the text placeholder, it becomes active and the cursor indicates where to enter your

desired text.

3.Ensure that your cursor is located inside the text placeholder and begin typing your text.

Insert WordArt
WordArt is a quick way to make text stand out with special effects. You begin by picking a WordArt style from
the WordArt gallery on the Insert tab, and then customize the text as you wish.

1.Click Insert > WordArt, and pick the WordArt style you want.
In the WordArt gallery, the letter A represents the different designs that are applied to all text you type.

Note: The WordArt icon is located in the Text group, and it may appear different depending on the program
you're using and the size of your screen. Look for one of these icons:

• The placeholder text "Your text here" appears, with the text highlighted.

Enter your own text to replace the placeholder text.

Format your text
1. Select the text.
2. Under Drawing Tools, choose Format.

3. Do one of the following:

o To change the color of your text, choose Text Fill, and then choose a color.
o To change the outline color of your text, choose Text Outline, and then choose a color.
o To apply a shadow, reflection, glow, bevel, 3-D rotation, a transform, choose Text Effects, and
then choose the effect you want.

Bullets and Numbering

You can use bulleted or numbered lists to help organize your text or show a sequential process in your
PowerPoint presentation.

• On the View tab, in the Presentation Views group, click Normal.

• On the left side of the PowerPoint window, click a slide thumbnail that you want to add bulleted or numbered
text to.

• On the slide, select the lines of text in a text placeholder or table that you want to add bullets or numbering to.
• On the Home tab, in the Paragraph group, click Bullets or Numbering .

Add shapes

You can add shapes to illustrate your slide.

1. On the Insert tab, select Shapes, and then select a shape from the menu that appears.
2. In the slide area, click and drag to draw the shape.
3. Select the Format or Shape Format tab on the ribbon. Open the Shape Styles gallery to quickly add a
color and style (including shading) to the selected shape.

Lines and Arrows in PowerPoint

You have a lot of flexibility when it comes to editing and working with connectors. You can edit line color,
weight, style, and curvature, control the look of end points and arrows, make connectors curved, angled or
straight, and manage connection points in a variety of ways.

Change a connector

1. Select the connector.

2. On the Design tab, in the Layout group, select Connectors, and then select the desired routing style
Right-Angle Connector, Straight Connector, or Curved Connector.
3. Alternatively, the right mouse click Action menu of the connector shape also has the options to change
the connector routing style.

Add arrows or other line ends to a connector

You can add arrows, points, or other line ends to a connector.

1. Select a connector.
2. Select the Format Shape option from the right mouse Action menu. Alternatively, on the Home tab, in
the Shape Styles group, select Line, and then select Line Options.
3. In the Format Shape pane, under Line, make sure Solid line is selected, and then select the type, size, or
cap type.
WEEK-13
Task 2: Interactive presentations - Hyperlinks, Inserting –Images, Clip Art, Audio, Video, Objects, Tables and
Charts.
Add a Hyperlinks to a slide
The fastest way to create a basic web hyperlink on a PowerPoint slide is to press Enter after you type the
address of an existing webpage.

Link to a website

1. Select the text, shape, or picture that you want to use as a hyperlink.
2. Select Insert > Hyperlink.
3. Select Existing File or Web Page, and add the:
o Text to display: Type the text that you want to appear as hyperlink.
o ScreenTip: Type the text that you want to appear when the user hovers over the hyperlink
(optional).
o Current Folder, Browsed Pages, or Recent Files: Select where you want to link to.
o Address: If you haven't already selected a location above, insert the URL for the web site you
want to link to.

If you link to a file on your computer, and move your PowerPoint presentation to another
computer, you'll also need to move any linked files.

o 4. Select OK.

Link to a place in a document, new document, or email address

1. Select the text, shape, or picture that you want to use as a hyperlink.
2. Select Insert > Hyperlink and select an option:
o Place in This Document: Link to a specific slide in your presentation.
o Create New Document: Link from your presentation to another presentation.
o E-mail Address: Link a displayed email address to open up a user's email program.
3. Fill in the Text to display, ScreenTip, and where you want to link to.
4. Select OK.

Add pictures

On the Insert tab, select Pictures, then do one of the following:

• To insert a picture that is saved on your local drive or an internal server, choose This Device, browse for
the picture, and then choose Insert.
• (For Microsoft 365 subscribers) To insert a picture from our library, choose Stock Images, browse for a
picture, select it and choose Insert.
• To insert a picture from the web, choose Online Pictures, and use the search box to find a picture.
Choose a picture, and then click Insert.
Clipart
Clip Art is a collection of media files (images, videos, audio, and animation files) that Microsoft includes with
the PowerPoint application.

Insert clip art

In Office 2013 and Office 2016, there's no longer a clip art library, but Office still helps you insert clip art.

STEP 1:
Select Insert > Online Pictures

STEP 2:
Type a word or phrase to describe what you're looking for, then press Enter.
STEP 3:
Filter the results by Type for Clipart.

STEP 4:
Select a picture.

STEP 5:
Select Insert.
That's it!

The image is inserted in your Office document.

Add or delete Audio

You can add audio, such as music, narration, or sound bites, to your PowerPoint presentation. To record and hear
any audio, your computer must be equipped with a sound card, microphone, and speakers.

Add audio from your PC

1. Select Insert > Audio.

2. Select Audio on My PC.
3. In the Insert Audio dialog box, select the audio file you want to add.
4. Select Insert.

Record audio

1. Select Insert > Audio.

2. Select Record Audio.
3. Type in a name for your audio file, select Record, and then speak.

Note: Your device must have a microphone enabled in order to record audio.

4. To review your recording, select Stop and then select Play.

5. Select Record to re-record your clip, or select OK if you're satisfied.
6. To move your clip, select and drag the audio icon to where you want it on the slide.

If you’re using more than one audio file per slide, we recommend putting the audio icon in the same spot on
a slide to find it easily.

7. Select Play.
Change playback options

Select the audio icon and then select the Playback tab. Then select which options you'd like to use:

• To trim the audio, select Trim and then use the red and green sliders to trim the audio file accordingly.
• To fade in or fade out audio, change the number in the Fade Duration boxes.
• To adjust volume, select Volume and select the setting you prefer.
• To choose how the audio file starts, select the dropdown arrow next to Start, then select an option:
o In Click Sequence: Plays the audio file automatically with a click.
o Automatically: Plays automatically once you advance to the slide that the audio file is on.
o When Clicked On: Plays audio only when the icon is clicked on.
• To choose how the audio plays in your presentation, select an option:
o Play Across Slides: Plays one audio file across all slides.
o Loop until Stopped: Plays an audio file on loop until it’s stopped manually by clicking the
Play/Pause button.
• To have the audio play continuously across all slides in the background, select Play in Background.

Delete audio

To delete an audio clip, select the audio icon on the slide and press Delete.

Insert and play a video

PowerPoint allows you to insert a video onto a slide and play it during your presentation. This is a great way to
make your presentation more engaging for your audience.
Embed a video stored on your PC

1. In Normal view, click the slide that you want the video to be in.
2. On the Insert tab, click the arrow under Video, and then click Video on My PC.
3. In the Insert Video box, click the video that you want, and then click Insert.

Link to a video stored on your PC

To help prevent broken links, we recommend copying the video into the same folder as your presentation, and
then linking to it there.

1. In Normal view, click the slide where you want the link to the video to be in.
2. On the Insert tab, click the arrow under Video, and then click Video on my PC.
3. In the Insert Video box, click the file that you want to link to, click the down arrow next to the Insert
button, and then click Link to File.
Find out where a linked video is stored

If there's already a video on a slide and you want to know where it's stored, go to File > Info. Under Optimize
Media Compatibility, there will be information about all media files in the presentation—whether they are
linked or embedded in the file. If there are any linked videos, PowerPoint gives you a View Links hyperlink.
Click it to open a dialog box that shows the storage location of any linked files.

YouTube video

If you want to insert a video on YouTube, switch to Insert or link to a video on YouTube.

Preview a video

When a video is selected on a slide, a toolbar appears below the video that has a play/pause button, a progress bar,
incremental forward/backward buttons, a timer, and a volume control. Click the Play button at the left of that
toolbar to preview the video.

Play a video automatically or when clicked

By default, in Slide Show, the video plays as part of the click sequence. That means that when you click
anywhere on the slide to advance to the next step (or when you press the Spacebar, Right arrow key, or other key
that advances to the next step) the video plays. This Start option is called In Click Sequence.

But if you prefer, you can make the video start automatically as soon as it appears onscreen, or make it play
when it is clicked:

1. Select the video frame.

2. On the ribbon, on the Video Tools Playback tab, open the Start list and choose the option you prefer:
Option Description
In Click This is the default behavior, as described above. When you click anywhere on the slide
Sequence to advance to the next step, the video plays.
The video starts automatically.

Automatically (If there are animation steps before it, the animation steps will play first and then the
video starts playing automatically. If there are no other animation steps before the video
on the slide, the video begins playing immediately.)
When Clicked
The video starts only when it has been clicked.
On
Objects

There are two ways to insert content objects into a PowerPoint presentation:

• Linked objects A linked object is updated if its source file is changed. For example, a linked chart
built from data in Microsoft Excel is changed if the source Excel data changes. The source file must be
available on your computer or network to maintain the link between the inserted object and the source
data. Inserting a linked object is recommended if the source data set is large or complex.
• Embedded objects The source data is embedded in the presentation. You can view the embedded
object on another computer, because the source data is part of the presentation file. Embedded objects
typically require more disk space than linked objects.

Insert a linked object

• Click in the slide where you want to place the object.

• On the Insert tab, in the Text group, click Object.

• Click Create from File.

• In the File box, type the name of the file, or click Browse to select from a list.

• Select the Link check box.

• Do one of the following:

• To display the content in your presentation, clear the Display as icon check box.
• To display an icon that is clicked to view the object, select the Display as icon check box.
To change the default icon image or label, click Change Icon, and then click the icon that you want from
the Icon list. If you want, you can type a label in the Caption box.

Insert an embedded object

• Click in the slide where you want to place the object.

• On the Insert tab, in the Text group, click Object.

• Do one of the following:

• If the object does not already exist, click Create new. In the Object type box, click the type of object that
you want to create.
• If the object already exists, click Create from file. In the File box, type the name of the file, or click
Browse to select from a list. Clear the Link check box.

• Do one of the following:

• To display the content in your presentation, clear the Display as icon check box.
• To display an icon that is clicked to view the object, select the Display as icon check box.
To change the default icon image or label, click Change Icon, and then click the icon that you want from
the Icon list. If you want, you can type a label in the Caption box.

Tables and Charts

You can add a table to a slide by creating it right in PowerPoint. You can also copy and paste a table from
Word or Excel.

• elect the slide that you want to add a table to.

• On the Insert tab, select Table.

• In the Insert Table dialog box, do one of the following:

• Use the mouse to select the number of rows and columns that you want.
• Select Insert Table, and then enter a number in the Number of columns and Number of rows lists.

• To add text to the table cells, click a cell, and then enter your text. After you enter your text, click outside the
table.

Tips:
• To quickly insert a new row at the end of a table, click inside the last cell of the last row, and then press
TAB.
• To add rows or columns, right-click a cell, click Insert on the mini toolbar, and choose where you’d like
to insert the row or column.
• To delete rows or columns, right-click a cell, click Delete on the mini toolbar, and choose what you'd like
to delete.

Charts

• Click Insert > Chart.

• Click the chart type and then double-click the chart you want.

Tip: For help deciding which chart is best for your data, see Available chart types.

• In the worksheet that appears, replace the placeholder data with your own information.
• When you insert a chart, small buttons appear next to its upper-right corner. Use the Chart Elements
button to show, hide, or format things like axis titles or data labels. Or use the Chart Styles button to
quickly change the color or style of the chart.

Tip: The Chart Filters button is a more advanced option that shows or hides data in your chart.

• When you’ve finished, close the worksheet.

Task 3: Master Layouts (slide, template, and notes), Types of views (basic,
presentation, slide slotter, notes etc.), and Inserting – Background, textures,
Design Templates, Hidden slides.
Slide master
When you want all your slides to contain the same fonts and images (such as logos), you can make those changes
in one place—the Slide Master, and they'll be applied to all your slides. To open Slide Master view, on
the View tab, select Slide Master:

The master slide is the top slide in the thumbnail pane on the left side of the window. The related layout masters
appear just below the slide master (as in this picture from PowerPoint for macOS):
1 Slide master

2 Layout masters

When you edit the slide master, all slides that are based on that master will contain those changes. However, the
majority of changes that you make will most likely be to the layout masters related to the master.

Slide Layouts

You change and manage slide layouts in Slide Master view. Every theme has a several slide layouts. You choose
the layouts that best match your slide content; some are better for text and some are better for graphics.

In Normal view, you’ll apply the layouts to your slides (shown below).
Templates
1. Open a blank presentation: File > New > Blank Presentation
2. On the Design tab, select Slide Size > Custom Slide Size and choose the page orientation and dimensions you
want.
3. On the View tab, in the Master Views group, choose Slide Master.

The slide master is the largest slide image at the top of the slide thumbnail list, to the left of your slides.
Associated slide layouts are positioned beneath the slide master.

4. To make changes to the slide master or slide layouts, on the Slide Master tab, do any of the following:
▪ To add a colorful theme with special fonts and effects, click Themes, and choose a theme from the gallery.
Use the scrollbar on the right to see more themes.
▪ To change the background, click Background Styles, and choose a background.

▪ To add a placeholder (to hold text, a picture, chart, video, sound, and other objects), in the thumbnail pane,
select the slide layout that you want to hold the placeholder, and do the following:
▪ Click Insert Placeholder, and select the type of placeholder you want to add.
▪ On the slide master or slide layout, click and drag to draw the placeholder size.
Tip: To resize a placeholder, drag the corner of one of its borders.
▪ To move a placeholder around on a slide master or slide layout, select the edge and then drag it into a new
position.

▪ To remove an unwanted placeholder in a slide master or slide layout, select it in the slide thumbnail pane, and
then select the border of the placeholder on the slide and press Delete.
▪ To set the page orientation for all of the slides in your presentation, click Slide Size > Custom Slide Size.
Under Orientation, choose Portrait or Landscape.

Add speaker notes

Slides are best when you don’t cram in too much information. You can put helpful facts and notes in the speaker
notes, and refer to them as you present.

1. To open the notes pane, at the bottom of the window, click Notes .
2. Click inside the Notes pane below the slide, and begin typing your notes.
Types of views

Views for creating your presentation

Normal view

You can get to Normal view from the task bar at the bottom of the slide window, or from the View tab on the
ribbon.

Normal view is the editing mode where you’ll work most frequently to create your slides. Below, Normal view
displays slide thumbnails on the left, a large window showing the current slide, and a section below the current slide
where you can type your speaker notes for that slide.

Slide Sorter view

You can get to Slide Sorter view from the task bar at the bottom of the slide window, or from
the View tab on the ribbon.

Slide Sorter view (below) displays all the slides in your presentation in horizontally sequenced, thumbnails. Slide
show view is helpful if you need to reorganize your slides—you can just click and drag your slides to a new location,
or add sections to organize your slides into meaningful groups.
Notes Page view

You can show or hide your speakers notes with the Notes button at the bottom of the slide window, or you
can get to Notes Page view from the View tab on the ribbon.

The Notes pane is located beneath the slide window. You can print your notes or include the notes in a presentation
that you send to the audience, or just use them as cues for yourself while you're presenting.

Insert a background picture on a slide

1. Right-click the margin of the slide and then select Format Background.
2. In the Format Background pane, choose Picture or texture fill.
3. Under Insert picture from, choose where to get the picture from:
Option Use it to
File Insert a picture from your computer or network
drive
Clipboard Insert a copied picture

(This option is unavailable if you haven't Copied a

picture.)
Online Search the web for an image

4. To adjust the picture's relative lightness, slide the Transparency bar to the right.

5. To apply the background picture to all slides in your presentation, choose Apply to All. Otherwise, simply close
the Format Background pane.

Textures

1. On the Format tab, in the Shape Styles group, click the arrow next to Shape Fill.
2. Do one of the following:
▪ To add or change a fill color, click the color you want.
▪ To choose no color, click No Fill.
▪ To use a color that isn't one of the theme colors, click More Fill Colors, and then either click the color that
you want on the Standard tab, or mix your own color on the Custom tab. Custom colors and colors on
the Standard tab do not update if you later change the document theme.
▪ To adjust the transparency of the shape, click More Fill Colors. At the bottom of the Colors dialog box, move
the Transparency slider, or enter a number in the box next to the slider. You can vary the percentage of
transparency from 0% (fully opaque, the default setting) to 100% (fully transparent).
▪ To add or change a fill picture, click Picture, locate the folder that contains the picture that you want to use,
click the picture file, and then click Insert.
▪ To add or change a fill gradient, point to Gradient, and then click the gradient variation that you want. To
customize the gradient, click More Gradients, and then choose the options that you want.
▪ To add or change a fill texture, point to Texture, and then click the texture that you want. To customize the
texture, click More Textures, and then choose the options that you want.

Design Templates
Design templates contain color schemes, slide and title masters with custom formatting, and styled fonts designed
for a particular "look." When you apply a design template to your presentation, the slide master and color scheme of
the new template replace the slide master and color scheme of the original presentation. After you apply a design
template, each slide you add, regardless of the AutoLayout has the same custom look.

Create your own design template

1. Open a presentation you wish to use a basic design template or create a presentation for this purpose.
2. Click on File in the ribbon, click on Save As and choose where to save it.
3. In the Save As dialog box, under File name, type in a name for your template.
4. Click Design Template from the Save as type: dropdown menu (bottom of screen).
5. Click the Save button.

Apply a design template

1. Open your presentation.

2. Click the Design tab on the ribbon.
3. Click the design you want - the design is applied to the presentation.

Hidden Slides
If there is a slide that should be included in the presentation file, but you don't want it to appear in the slide show,
you can hide the slide.

Hide a slide

1. In the left navigation pane, select the thumbnail image of the slide you want to hide.
2. Right-click the slide, then select Hide Slide. The slide now shows a slash through the slide number to indicate
that it's hidden:
Unhide a slide

1. In the left navigation pane, select the hidden slide you want to unhide.
2. Right-click the slide, then select Unhide Slide.
3. Show a hidden slide during a presentation

If you're in Slide Show view and you decide that you want to show a hidden slide, you can do so:

1. Right-click the current slide and select See All Slides.

The screen switches to a thumbnail list of all the slides in the presentation.

2. Select the hidden slide you want to show.

The selected slide is shown full-screen and the slide show resumes.

If you are using presenter view, your audience won't see the steps you take to select the slide. They will simply
see the slide you select in step 2.

Give your presentation

On the Slide Show tab, do one of the following:

• To start the presentation at the first slide, in the Start Slide Show group, click From Beginning.

• If you’re not at the first slide and want to start from where you are, click From Current Slide.

Get out of Slide Show view

To get out of Slide Show view at any time, on the keyboard, press Esc.
WEEK-14
ChatGPT refers to a type of language model developed by OpenAI, specifically based on the GPT
(Generative Pre-trained Transformer) architecture. The "GPT" in ChatGPT stands for "Generative Pre-trained
Transformer," highlighting its key features.
"Generative" implies that the model can generate coherent and contextually relevant text based on the input it
receives. "Pre-trained" indicates that the model is initially trained on a large corpus of diverse text data before
being fine-tuned or adapted for specific tasks. "Transformer" refers to the underlying neural network
architecture, which uses self-attention mechanisms to process input data in parallel, making it highly effective
for handling sequential data like language.
ChatGPT is designed to understand and generate human-like text, making it suitable for various
natural language processing (NLP) tasks, including but not limited to chatbots, conversational agents, and
text-based applications. It can understand context, generate responses, and provide valuable information based
on its training data.

The features of ChatGPT, or any model based on the GPT architecture, include: 1.Generative Text:
ChatGPT is capable of generating human-like text responses given a prompt or input. It can be used
for a variety of natural language generation tasks.
2. Pre-trained: Before fine-tuning for specific tasks, ChatGPT is pre-trained on a large and diverse
dataset to learn the nuances of language and context.
3. Context Understanding: The model has the ability to understand context over a certain window of
text, allowing it to generate coherent and contextually relevant responses.
4. Large-scale Training Data: ChatGPT is trained on a vast amount of text data, which helps it capture a
broad range of topics, styles, and linguistic patterns.
5. Transfer Learning: Because it's pre-trained, ChatGPT can be fine-tuned for specific tasks with smaller,
task-specific datasets. This allows the model to adapt to particular use cases. 6.Flexibility: ChatGPT is
versatile and can be applied to various natural language processing tasks, including chatbots, question
answering, summarization, and more.
7. Parameter Size: The number of parameters in the model contributes to its capacity to learn and
generalize. Larger models, like GPT-3, have billions of parameters, enabling them to capture complex
patterns in data.
8. Attention Mechanism: The Transformer architecture, which ChatGPT is based on, utilizes attention
mechanisms to give different weights to different parts of the input sequence, allowing the model to focus
on relevant information.
9. Multi-Head Attention: ChatGPT employs multi-head attention, allowing it to attend to different
positions in the input sequence independently, capturing different aspects of thecontext.
10. Fine-Tuning: While pre-trained, ChatGPT can be fine-tuned on specific datasets for better performance
on particular tasks or domains.
It's important to note that these features are general characteristics of models based on the GPT architecture,
and specific implementations or versions may have additional capabilities or improvements.

Task 1: Prompt Engineering: Experiment with different types of prompts to see how the model responds. Try asking
questions, starting conversations, or even providing incomplete sentences to see how the model completes them.

Ex: Prompt: "You are a knowledgeable AI. Please answer the following question: What is the capital of France?"

1. Informational Prompt:
Prompt: "Provide a brief explanation of how photosynthesis works."
Expected Response: A detailed and informative explanation of the process of photosynthesis.
2. Creative Prompt:
Prompt: "Imagine a world where humans can communicate with animals. Describe a day in thelife of someone
with this extraordinary ability."
Expected Response: A creative and imaginative narrative about a person's experiences in aworld where
interspecies communication is possible.
3. Conversational Prompt:
Prompt: "What are your thoughts on the impact of artificial intelligence on society?" Expected Response:
An opinion or discussion on the societal implications of artificialintelligence, reflecting the model's
"perspective."
4. Problem-Solving Prompt:
Prompt: "You are a virtual assistant. Help the user troubleshoot a common computer problem,like a slow
performance issue."
Expected Response: Step-by-step guidance on diagnosing and addressing a computer's slowperformance.
5. Personal Reflection Prompt:
Prompt: "Share a personal experience or story that has left a lasting impact on you." Expected Response: A
reflective and personal account of a significant event or experience.
6.Humorous Prompt:
Prompt: "Tell me a joke that involves both technology and animals."
Expected Response: A light-hearted and humorous joke combining elements of technology andanimals.
7. Comparison Prompt:
Prompt: "Compare and contrast the advantages and disadvantages of traditional educationversus online
learning."
Expected Response: An analysis highlighting the pros and cons of both traditional and onlinelearning methods.

8. Prediction Prompt:
Prompt: "What do you think will be the most significant technological advancement in the nextdecade?"
Expected Response: A speculative response predicting a major technological breakthrough inthe coming years.

QUESTION:
• Ex: Prompt: "You are a knowledgeable AI. Please answer the following question: What is
thecapital of France?"
Answer: The capital of France is Paris.

WEEK-15
Task 2: Creative Writing: Use the model as a writing assistant. Provide the beginning of a story or a description of a
scene, and let the model generate the rest of the content. This can be a fun way to brainstorm creative ideas
Ex: Prompt: "In a world where gravity suddenly stopped working, people started floating upwards. Write a story about
how society adapted to this new reality."
Creative writing is a form of expression that goes beyond the mere conveyance of information or facts.
It is the art of crafting original and imaginative content, often in the formof stories, poems, or essays, to
evoke emotions, engage the reader's imagination, and convey ideas in a unique and artistic manner. Creative
writing allows writers to explore and experiment with language, style, and structure to create a literary work
that is not only informative but also aesthetically pleasing.

Key elements of creative writing include:

1. Imagination: Creative writing often involves the use of imagination to invent characters, settings, and
plots that may be entirely fictional or inspired by real-life experiences.
2. Emotion: Writers aim to evoke emotional responses from readers by infusing their workwith feelings,
whether it be joy, sadness, excitement, or introspection.
3. Originality: Creative writing encourages original thought and unique expression. Writersstrive to bring
fresh perspectives to familiar topics or to create entirely new and innovative narratives.
4. Language Play: Creative writing allows for the exploration of language, including the use of metaphor,
simile, symbolism, and other literary devices to enhance the aesthetic quality of the writing.
5. Storytelling: Narrative structure is often a fundamental aspect of creative writing, with a
focus on creating compelling plots, characters, and settings that captivate and engage theaudience.
6. Expression of Personal Voice: Creative writing enables writers to develop and express theirpersonal
voice, allowing for a distinct and individualized style.
QUESTION:
• Ex: Prompt: "In a world where gravity suddenly stopped working, people started floating
upwards.Write a story about how society adapted to this new reality."

ANSWER:
In an instant, the laws of nature betrayed the unsuspecting inhabitants of Earth. Gravity, the invisible force
that had grounded humanity for eons, abruptly ceased its hold. Panic spread likewildfire as people, cars, and
even trees lifted off the ground, ascending into the sky.

In a stroke of genius, engineers and scientists developed specialized suits with built-in thrusters, allowing
individuals to control their movements. These suits became a symbol of adaptation and survival. Schools
shifted their focus to zero-gravity physics, teaching childrenhow to manoeuvre gracefully through the air.

Cities transformed into intricate networks of floating structures, connected by transparent walkways and
airborne transportation. Parks became suspended gardens, and offices convertedinto levitating workspaces.
Everyday activities required a new set of skills, from cooking in mid-air kitchens to playing sports with a
newfound sense of freedom.

As society adapted to its weightless existence, a sense of unity emerged. Collaborative effortsbecame the norm
as people discovered the importance of working together to navigate this uncharted territory. Community
events took on a surreal charm, with floating festivals and airborne celebrations lighting up the night sky.

At first, the fear of drifting into space lingered in the collective consciousness. However, engineers soon
developed safety measures, creating invisible barriers that surrounded habitablezones. These protective fields
prevented accidental journeys into the cosmic unknown and allowed society to flourish within its floating
confines.

In this extraordinary world, where the ground was no longer an anchor, humanity found resilience, innovation,
and a shared purpose. As the sun set on a horizon that was now a canvasof suspended dreams, the floating
society embraced the limitless possibilities of their weightless existence, forever bound by the indomitable
spirit of adaptation.

Task 3: Language Translation: Experiment with translation tasks by providing a sentence in one language
and asking the model to translate it into another language. Compare the output to see how accurate and
fluent the translations are.

Ex: Prompt: "Translate the following English sentence to French: 'Hello, how are you doing today?'"

Language translation refers to the process of converting written or spoken text from one language into another
while preserving the meaning and intent of the original content. This task is commonly performed by
individuals known as translators or by automated systems, such as machine translation tools.
There are two primary types of language translation:

1. Human Translation:
Professional Translators: Skilled individuals who translate text manually, taking into accountthe cultural
nuances, idioms, and context of the source and target languages.
Interpreters: Individuals who specialize in translating spoken language in real-time, facilitatingcommunication
between people who speak different languages.
2. Machine Translation (MT):
Automated Systems: Computer-based systems or software that use algorithms and linguisticrules to
translate text from one language to another.
Neural Machine Translation (NMT): A type of machine translation that uses artificial neuralnetworks to
improve translation quality by considering the context and meaning of entire sentences.
Language translation is crucial for breaking down language barriers in various domains, including
international business, diplomacy, literature, academic research, and everyday communication. It plays a
vital role in fostering global understanding, enabling people from different linguistic backgrounds to access
information and communicate effectively. Advancesin machine translation technologies have led to
significant improvements in translation speed and accuracy, although human translators often remain
essential for handling complex or context-sensitive content.
QUESTION:
• Ex:Prompt: "Translate the following English sentence to French: 'Hello, how are you
doingtoday?'"
The English sentence "Hello, how are you doing today?" can be translated to French as:
ANSWER:
"Bonjour, comment ça va aujourd'hui ?"