Faculty of Computing and Information Technology

Course: System Analysis and Design

lecturer / Mohammed Al-dowail

2024/2025

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Evaluation

 Project 20%
 Quiz and Participate 10%
 Mid-Term Exam 20%
 Final Exam 50%

 Total 100%

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The Systems Development Environment

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Introduction

Information Systems Analysis and Design

 Complex organizational process
 Used to develop and maintain computer-based information systems
 Used by a team of business and systems professionals
Step-by-step process for developing high-quality information systems

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Introduction (Cont.)

An organizational approach to systems analysis and design is driven by methodologies, techniques, and tools.

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Introduction (Cont.)

Application Software
 Computer software designed to support organizational functions or processes

Systems Analyst
Organizational role most responsible for analysis and design of information systems.

Translate business requirements into practical IS projects to meet needs.

The systems analyst is a key person analyzing the business, identifying the
problems and opportunities for improvement, and designing information systems.

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Analytical Skills for Systems Analysis

Five Sets of Analytical Skills:

 Systems Thinking
 Organizational Knowledge

 Problem Identification

 Problem Analyzing and Solving

 Communication skills

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Developing Information Systems

 System Development Methodology : Is a standard process followed in

an organization to conduct all the steps necessary to analyze, design,
implement, and maintain information systems.

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Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC)

 Traditional methodology used to develop, maintain, and replace information systems

The systems development life cycle (SDLC) is the process of determining how an information
system (IS) can support business needs, designing the system, building it, and delivering it to
users.

 Phases in SDLC:
Planning
Analysis
Design
Implementation
Maintenance

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Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC)

Systems development life cycle 11

Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC) (Cont.)

 Planning – The first phase of the SDLC in which an organization’s total information system
needs are identified, analyzed, prioritized, and arranged.
 Analysis – The second phase of the SDLC in which system requirements are studied and
structured
 Design – The third phase of the SDLC in which the description of the recommended solution
is converted into logical and then physical system specifications.
 Logical design – The part of the design phase of the SDLC in which all functional features of
the system chosen for development in analysis are described independently of any computer
platform.
 Physical design- The part of the design phase of the SDLC in which the logical specifications of
the system from logical design are transformed into technology-specific details from which all
programming and system construction can be accomplished. 12
Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC) (Cont.)

 Implementation – The fourth phase of the SDLC, in which the information system is
coded, tested, installed, and supported in the organization.
 Maintenance – The final phase of the SDLC, in which an information system is
systematically repaired and improved

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Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC) (Cont.)

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The Heart of the Systems Development Process

The heart of systems development

Current practice combines analysis, design, and implementation into a single iterative and parallel
process of activities.
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Traditional Waterfall SDLC

One phase begins when another completes, with little backtracking and looping.

Traditional waterfall SDLC

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Problems with Waterfall Approach

Feedback ignored
Limited user involvement (only in requirements phase)
Too much focus on deadlines of SDLC phases to the detriment of sound
development practices

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Different Approaches to Improving Development

 Prototyping
 CASE Tools
 Joint Application Design (JAD)
 Rapid Application Development (RAD)
 Agile Methodologies

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Prototyping

Iterative development process:

Requirements quickly converted to a working system
System is continually revised
Close collaboration between users and analysts 20
Computer-Aided Software Engineering
(CASE) Tools
 Diagramming tools enable graphical representation.

 Computer displays and report generators help prototype -how systems “look and feel”.

 Used to support or automate activities throughout the systems development life cycle (SDLC)

 Increase productivity

 Analysis tools automatically check for consistency in diagrams, forms, and reports.

 Example products: Oracle Designer, Rational Rose.

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CASE Tools (Cont.)

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CASE Tools (Cont.)

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Joint Application Design (JAD)

 Structured process involving users, analysts, and managers

 Several-day intensive workgroup sessions
 Purpose: to specify or review system requirements

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Rapid Application Development (RAD)

 Methodology to decrease design and implementation time

 Involves: extensive user involvement, prototyping, integrated CASE tools,
code generators

RAD life cycle

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Agile Methodologies

Are the newest development

Emphasize continuous feedback

Iterative development

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Agile Methodologies (Cont.)

 When to use Agile Methodologies

If your project involves:

 Unpredictable or dynamic requirements

Customers who understand the process and will get involved

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Summary

 In this chapter you learned how to:

Define information systems analysis and design.

Describe the information Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC).

Explain Prototyping and Joint Application Design (JAD).

Explain Rapid Application Development (RAD), Computer Aided Software

Engineering (CASE).

Describe agile methodologies.

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