23CSE202 – IT WORKSHOP

Vision and Mission of the Institute:

Vision: To become a globally recognized research and academic institution and thereby
contribute to technological and socio-economic development of the nation.

Mission: To foster a culture of excellence in research, innovation, entrepreneurship, rational

thinking and civility by providing necessary resources for generation, dissemination and

Utilization of knowledge and in the process create an ambience for practice-based learning to the
youth for success in their careers.

Vision and Mission of the Department

Vision: To excel in technical education and research in area of Computer Science and
Engineering and to provide expert, proficient and knowledgeable individuals with high
enthusiasm to meet the societal challenges.

Mission:

Mission 1: To provide an open environment to the students and faculty that promotes professional
and personal growth.

Mission2: To impart strong theoretical and practical background across the computer science
discipline with an emphasis on software development and research.

Mission3: To inculcate the skills necessary to continue their education after graduation, as well as
for the societal needs.

PROGRAM EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES (PEOs)

The Program Educational Objectives (PEOs) of the department of CSE are given below:

PEO1: Gain Successful Professional career in IT industry as an efficient software engineer.

PEO2: Succeed in Master/Research programmes to gain knowledge on emerging technologies in

Computer Science and Engineering.

PEO3: Grow as a responsible computing professional in their own area of interest with
intellectual skills and ethics through lifelong learning approach to meet societal needs.

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PROGRAM OUTCOMES (POs)

Engineering Graduates will be able to:

PO1. Engineering knowledge: Apply the knowledge of mathematics, science, engineering
Fundamentals and an engineering specialization to the solution of complex engineering problems.

PO2. Problem analysis: Identify, formulate, review research literature and analyze complex
engineering problems reaching substantiated conclusions using first principles of mathematics,
natural sciences and engineering sciences.

PO3. Design / development of solutions: Design solutions for complex engineering problems
and design system components or processes that meet the specified needs with appropriate
consideration for the public health and safety and the cultural, societal and environmental
considerations.

PO4. Conduct investigations of complex problems: Use research-based knowledge and

research methods including design of experiments, analysis and interpretation of data, and
synthesis of the information to provide valid conclusions.

PO5. Modern tool usage: Create, select and apply appropriate techniques, resources and modern
engineering and IT tools including prediction and modeling to complex engineering activities
with an understanding of the limitations.

PO6. The engineer and society: Apply reasoning informed by the contextual knowledge to
assess societal, health, safety, legal and cultural issues and the consequent responsibilities relevant
to the professional engineering practice.

PO7. Environment and sustainability: Understand the impact of the professional engineering
solutions in societal and environmental contexts and demonstrate the knowledge of and need for
sustainable development.

PO8. Ethics: Apply ethical principles and commit to professional ethics and responsibilities and
norms of the engineering practice.
PO9. Individual and teamwork: Function effectively as an individual and as a member or leader
in diverse teams and in multidisciplinary settings.

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PO10. Communication: Communicate effectively on complex engineering activities with the

engineering community and with society at large, such as being able to comprehend and write
effective reports and design documentation, make effective presentations and give and receive
clear instructions.

PO11. Project management and finance: Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the
engineering and management principles and apply these to one‟s own work, as a member and
leader in a team, to manage projects and in multidisciplinary environments.

PO12. Life-long learning: Recognize the need for and have the preparation and ability to engage
in independent and life-long learning in the broadest context of technological change.

PROGRAM SPECIFIC OUTCOMES (PSOs)

The Computer Science and Engineering Graduates will be able to:

PSO1: Apply mathematical foundations, algorithmic principles and computing techniques in the
modeling and design of computer-based systems

PSO2: Design and develop software in the areas of relevance under realistic constraints.

PSO3: Analyze real world problems and develop computing solutions by applying concepts of
Computer Science & Engineering.

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SYLLABUS
Course Prerequisite: Nil

Course Description:
Course Objectives:
The objectives of this course are to
1. To introduce the internal parts of a computer, peripherals, I/O ports, connecting cables
2. To demonstrate configuring the system as Dual boot both Windows and other Operating
Systems viz. Linux, BOSS.
3. To teach basic command line interface commands on Linux
4. To teach the usage of Internet for productivity and self-paced life-long learning
5. To introduce compression, multimedia and antivirus tools and office tools such as word
processors, spreadsheets and presentation tools.

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS

PC Hardware & Software Installation

Task 1: Identify the peripherals of a computer, components in a CPU and its functions. Draw the
block diagram of the CPU along with the configuration of each peripheral and submit to your
instructor.

Task 2: Every student should disassemble and assemble the PC back to working condition. Lab instructors
should verify the work and follow it up with a Viva. Also students need to go through the video which
shows the process of assembling a PC. A video would be given as part of the course content.

Task 3: Every student should individually install MS windows on the personal computer. Lab
instructor should verify the installation and follow it up with a Viva.

Task 4: Every student should install Linux on the computer. This computer should have
windows installed. The system should be configured as dual boot (VMWare) with both Windows
and Linux. Lab instructors should verify the installation and follow it up with a Viva

Task 5: Every student should install BOSS on the computer. The system should be configured as
dual boot (VMWare) with both Windows and BOSS. Lab instructors should verify the
installation and follow it up with a Viva

Internet & World Wide Web

Taskl: Orientation & Connectivity Boot Camp: Students should get connected to their Local Area
Network and access the Internet. In the process they configure the TCP/IP setting. Finally students
should demonstrate, to the instructor, how to access the websites and email. If there is no internet
connectivity preparations need to be made by the instructors to simulate the WWW on the LAN.

Task 2: Web Browsers, Surfing the Web: Students customize their web browsers with the LAN
proxy settings, bookmarks, search toolbars and pop up blockers. Also, plug-ins like Macromedia
Flash and JRE for applets should be configured.

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Task 3: Search Engines & Netiquette: Students should know what search engines are and how to
use the search engines. A few topics would be given to the students for which they need to search
on Google. This should be demonstrated to the instructors by the student.

Task 4: Cyber Hygiene: Students would be exposed to the various threats on the internet and
would be asked to configure their computer to be safe on the internet. They need to customize their
browsers to block pop ups, block active x downloads to avoid viruses and/or worms.

LaTeX and WORD

Task 1 — Word Orientation: The mentor needs to give an overview of La TeX and Microsoft
(MS) office or equivalent (FOSS) tool word: Importance ofLa TeX and MS office or equivalent
(FOSS) tool Word as word Processors, Details of the four tasks and features that would be covered
in each, Using La TeXand word — Accessing, overview of toolbars, saving files, Using help and
resources, rulers, format painter in word.

Task 2: Using La TeX and Word to create a project certificate. Features to be covered:-
Formatting Fonts in word, Drop Cap in word, Applying Text effects, Using Character Spacing,
Borders and Colors, Inserting Header and Footer, Using Date and Time option in both La TeX and
Word.

Task 3: Creating project abstract Features to be covered:-Formatting Styles, Inserting table,

Bullets and Numbering, Changing Text Direction, Cell alignment, Footnote, Hyperlink, Symbols,
Spell Check, Track Changes.

Task 4: Creating a Newsletter: Features to be covered:- Table of Content, Newspaper columns,

Images from files and clipart, Drawing toolbar and Word Art, Formatting Images, Textboxes,
Paragraphs and Mail Merge in word.

EXCEL
Excel Orientation: The mentor needs to tell the importance of MS office or equivalent (FOSS)
tool Excel as a Spreadsheet tool, give the details of the four tasks and features that would be
covered in each. Using Excel— Accessing, overview of toolbars, saving excel files, Using help and
resources.
Task 1: Creating a Scheduler - Features to be covered: Gridlines, Format Cells, Summation, auto
fill, Formatting Text

Task 2: Calculating GPA -. Features to be covered:- Cell Referencing, Formulae in excel —

average, std. deviation, Charts, Renaming and Inserting worksheets, Hyper linking, Count function,

LOOKUP/VLOOKUP
Task 3: Split cells, freeze panes, group and outline, Sorting, Boolean and logical operators,
Conditional formatting
POWER POINT
Task 1: Students will be working on basic power point utilities and tools which help them create
basic power point presentations. PPT Orientation, Slide Layouts, Inserting Text, Word Art,
Formatting Text, Bullets and Numbering, Auto Shapes, Lines and Arrows in PowerPoint.

Task 2: Interactive presentations - Hyperlinks, Inserting —Images, Clip Art, Audio, Video,
Objects, Tables and Charts.

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Task3: Master Layouts (slide, template, and notes), types of views (basic, presentation, slide
slotter, notes, etc) and inserting – background, textures, design templates, hidden slides

AI TOOLS — ChatGPT
Task 1: Prompt Engineering: Experiment with different types of prompts to see how the model
responds. Try asking questions, starting conversations, or even providing incomplete sentences to
see how the model completes them.
• Ex: Prompt: "You are a knowledgeable AI. Please answer the following question: What is
the capital of France?"

Task 2: Creative Writing: Use the model as a writing assistant. Provide the beginning ofa story or
a description of a scene, and let the model generate the rest of the content. This can be a fun way to
brainstorm creative ideas
• Ex: Prompt: "In a world where gravity suddenly stopped working, people started floating
upwards. Write a story about how society adapted to this new reality."

Task 3: Language Translation: Experiment with translation tasks by providing a sentence in one
language and asking the model to translate it into another language. Compare the output to see how
accurate and fluent the translations are.
• Ex:Prompt: "Translate the following English sentence to French: 'Hello, how are you
doing today?”'

Course Outcomes:
At the end of the course student will be able to
1. Solve real world problems using OOP techniques.
2. Implement string handling and file handling methods.
3. Design multithreaded applications with synchronization.
4. Develop web applications using AWT components.
5. Create GUI based applications

Reference Books:
1. Comdex Information Technology course tool kit, Vikas Gupta, WILEY Dream tech, 2003
2. The Complete Computer upgrade and repair book, Cheryl A Schmidt, WILEY Dream tech, 2013, 3rd
edition
3. Introduction to Information Technology, ITL Education Solutions limited, Pearson Education,
2012, 2nd edition
4. PC Hardware - A Handbook, Kate J. Chase, PHI (Microsoft)
5. LaTeX Companion, Leslie Lamport, PHI/Pearson.
6. IT Essentials PC Hardware and Software Companion Guide, David Anfins on and Ken Quamme. —
CISCO Press, Pearson Education, 3rd edition
7. IT Essentials PC Hardware and Software Labs and Study Guide, Patrick Regan— CISCO Press,
Pearson Education, 3rd edition

Mode of Evaluation: Observation, Record & End Semester Practical Exams.

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INDEX

Ex. No. Experiment Name Page No.

PC HARDWARE & SOFTWARE INSTALLATION

Task 1 Identifying the peripherals of a computer 9

Task 2 Disassembling and assembling the PC 15

Task 3 Installation of MS Windows operating system 20

Task 4 Installation of Linux operating system 25

Task 5 Installation of BOSS operating system 32

INTERNET & WORLD WIDE WEB

Task 1 Orientation & Connectivity Boot camp 38

Task 2 Web browsers, surfing the web 40

Task 3 Search Engines & Netiquette 43

Task 4 Cyber Hygiene 46

LaTex and WORD

Task 1 LaTex and Word Orientation 51

Task 2 Create a project certificate using LaTex and Word 57

Task 3 Creating project abstract features 62

Task 4 Creating a Newsletter 69

EXCEL

Excel orientation 80
Task 1 Creating a scheduler 87

Task 2 Calculating GPA 95

LOOKUP/VLOOKUP
Task 3 VLOOKUP 101

POWERPOINT
Task 1 Create basic PowerPoint presentation 108
Task 2 Interactive presentations 114

Task 3 Master Layouts 119

AI TOOLS – CHATGPT
Task 1 Prompt Engineering 130

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Task 2 Creative Writing 133

Task 3 Language Translation 136

Content 1. Installation of MS Office packages 138

Beyond
Syllabus 2. Utilization of ChatGPT for Engineering specific domains 141

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PC HARDWARE & SOFTWARE INSTALLATION

Task 1
IDENTIFYING THE PERIPHERALS OF A COMPUTER
AIM

To identify the peripherals of a computer, components in a CPU and its functions.

Introduction to Computer
The computer is an electronic device which takes the input information from the input devices and
generates the output information and it will be displayed on the output. It enables arithmetic computations,
data processing, information management and knowledge reasoning in an efficient manner.
The computer is derived from the word compute which means ‘to calculate’. So a computer generally
considered to be calculating device that perform operations at very faster rates.

Block diagram of computer

Basically the computer system has three major components. They are:
1. System unit
a. Central Processing Unit (CPU)
b. Memory unit
2. Input unit
3. Output unit

Peripherals and Components of a Computer

1. Cabinet
A computer Cabinet is also known as a "computer chassis". It holds the CPU,
memory, connectors for the hard drive and optical drives, expansion cards to control
the video and audio, and connections to your computer's ports. The components
housed inside the case (such as the CPU, motherboard, memory, mass storage
devices, power supply unit and various expansion cards) are referred as the internal
hardware, while hardware outside the case (typically cable-linked or plug-and-play
devices such as the display, speakers, keyboard, mouse and USB flash drives) are
known as peripherals.

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2. Monitor
A monitor is an electronic output device used to display information being
entered and processed on a computer. The primary use of a monitor is to
display images, text, video, and graphics information generated by the
computer via a computer's video card.

3. Keyboard
A computer keyboard is a peripheral input device. Keyboard keys
typically have a set of characters engraved or printed on them, and each
press of a key typically corresponds to a single written symbol. In a
modern computer, the interpretation of key presses is generally left to the
software: the information sent to the computer, the scan code, tells it only
which physical key was pressed or released.

4. Mouse
A computer mouse is a hand-held pointing device that detects two-
dimensional motion relative to a surface. This motion is typically
translated into the motion of the pointer (called a cursor) on a display,
which allows a smooth control of the graphical user interface of a
computer.

5. Printer
A printer is a peripheral machine which makes a persistent representation
of graphics or text, usually on paper. While most output is human-readable,
bar code printers are an example of an expanded use for printers. Different
types of printers include 3D printers, inkjet printers, laser printers, and
thermal printers.

6. Speakers
A computer speaker is a piece of output gear that connects to a computer to
produce sound, and as a result, we can listen to the sound like an outcome.
Speakers work by converting electrical energy into mechanical energy
(motion). The speaker allows software and firmware to provide auditory
feedback to a user, such as to report a hardware fault.

7. Scanner
A scanner is a device that captures images from photographic prints,
posters, magazine pages and similar sources for computer editing and
display. Scanners work by converting the image on the document into
digital information that can be stored on a computer through optical
character recognition (OCR).

8. System board/Motherboard
A computer's motherboard is typically the largest printed circuit board in a
machine's chassis. It distributes electricity and facilitates communication
between and to the central processing unit (CPU), random access memory
(RAM), and any other component of the computer's hardware.

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9. Socket 478
A CPU socket is a specific part on a motherboard that is purposely designed
to hold a central processing unit (CPU). A CPU socket or CPU slot is
designed with thousands of pins or contact points for power and data
transfer between the CPU and the rest of the processors on the motherboard.

10. CPU
A processor (CPU) is the logic circuitry that responds to and processes the
basic instructions that drive a computer. The CPU is seen as the main and
most crucial integrated circuitry (IC) chip in a computer, as it is responsible
for interpreting most of computers commands.

11. RAM slots and RAMs

RAM is a temporary memory bank where your computer stores data
it needs to retrieve quickly.
A memory slot, memory socket, or RAM slot allows RAM (random-
access memory) to be inserted into the computer. Most
motherboards have two to four memory slots, which determine the
type of RAM used with the computer.

12. North bridge

A northbridge is connected directly to a CPU via the front-side bus (FSB) to
handle high-performance tasks, and is usually used in conjunction with a
slower southbridge to manage communication between the CPU and other
parts of the motherboard.

13. South bridge

The southbridge typically implements the slower capabilities of the
motherboard in a northbridge/southbridge chipset computer architecture.
South Bridge chips usually provide dual IDE ports for connecting up to and
disks, two in each channel. South Bridge chip also controls USB support on
a motherboard. South Bridge keeps a watch over overall electrical power
consumption by different parts of PC to save power.

14. CMOS battery

CMOS stands for “Complementary Metal Oxide
Semiconductor.” The CMOS battery powers the BIOS
firmware in your laptop. BIOS need to remain operational
even when your computer isn't plugged into a power source.

15. Primary & Secondary (IDE – 1 & IDE – 2)

It Allows you to connect a hard drive or other IDE device to the system.
Usually a hard drive is connected to the IDE0/Primary connector on the
IDE cable and the IDE cable is plugged into the primary IDE controller.

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16. Input & Output ports

17. AGP slot & AGP card

An Accelerated Graphics Port (AGP) is a point to point channel that is used for high-speed video output.
This port is used to connect graphic cards to a computer's motherboard. It increases the speed at which
machines can render graphics while using the system's resources more efficiently.

18. CI slots & PCI cards

a built-in slot on a device that allows for the attachment of various
hardware components such as network cards, modems, sound cards,
disk controllers and other peripherals.

19. BIOS chip

BIOS, pronounced "BYE-oss," stands for Basic Input Output System
and is software stored on a small memory chip in your system's
motherboard. When you boot up your system and look at the screen at
the right time, you may see a startup message that uses the term
"BIOS."

20. ATX power connector

An ATX power supply provides a number of peripheral power
connectors and (in modern systems) two connectors for the
motherboard: an 8-pin (or 4+4-pin) auxiliary connector providing
additional power to the CPU and a main 24-pin power supply
connector, an extension of the original 20-pin version.

21. Floppy connector

A floppy cable is a ribbon cable found in PCs that allows one or
more floppy disk drives to connect to a computer.

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22. Bus cables or data cables

A bus is a collection of wires through which data is transmitted from
one device to another device.

23. Hard disk drive

A hard drive or hard disk drive (HDD) is a type of data storage
device that is used in laptops and desktop computers. An HDD is a
“non-volatile” storage drive, which means it can retain the stored
data even when no power is supplied to the device.

24. CD ROM drive & CD – Writer

An external writable CD drive, also called a CD burner, lets you take
music or data files from your computer and make your own CDs.
The advent of CD burners marked a huge cultural shift.

25. Floppy disk drive

A floppy disk drive, also called FDD or FD for short, is a computer
disk drive that enables users to save data to removable diskettes.

26. SMPS
SMPS stands for Switched-Mode Power Supply. It is an electronic
power supply that uses a switching regulator to convert electrical
power efficiently. It is also known as Switching Mode Power Supply.
It is power supply unit (PSU) generally used in computers to convert
the voltage into the computer acceptable range.

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RESULT

The study of identification of the peripherals of a computer, components of a computer and its
functions has been successfully completed.

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Task 2
DISASSEMBLING AND ASSEMBLING THE PC

AIM

To disassemble and assemble a PC back to working condition.

Procedure
1. Mother board installation
a. Open the cabinet either side

b. The back side of the cabinet has readymade provision for the installation of the I/O shields. An I/O
shield is used for connecting the input and output devices through it.
c. Check whether the motherboard is placed in such way that the I/O ports of the motherboard correctly
fit in the I/O fields. Ensure all the specified screws for the motherboard are fixed and intact.

2. CPU Installation
a. CPU is one of the most dedicated components of the computer. The CPU pins have to be clearly
studied before fixing into the relevant processor space on the motherboard. After the CPU is rightly
placed in its position the lever is to be locked.

b. The CPU heat sink fan is to be carefully plugged on the to the CPU by pushing down the metal plastic

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clips. The metal/plastic clips provided with heat sink fan should fix on the CPU socket and have to be
locked.

3. RAM installation
a. Insert the RAM into an available expansion socket. Press the RAM firmly into position, making
certain the RAM is completely seated in the socket.

4. SMPS installation
a. After placing the SMPS into the relevant provider space, fix the outer screws to it intact.
b. Next install the ATX power connector. It is 20/24 pin power connector which is primary power
supply to the motherboard.

5. Hard Disk Drive installation

a. Mount the HDD into the mounting slot meant for the HDD with rear end facing and secure the
inner screws intact and connect the IDE cable to the HDD and motherboard.

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6. Floppy Disk Drive installation

a. Push the FDD case into opened cabinet curtaining of the FDD and secure the inner screws.
b. Connect the IDE cable to the FDD and motherboard.
c. Connect the power supply.

7. CD – ROM installation
a. Remove the cover of front side of the cabin
b. Push CD-ROM case into opened cabinet space and secure the inner screws.
c. Connect the IDE cable to the CD-ROM and motherboard.
d. Connect the power supply.

8. Switches and LEDs

a. Install the switches and LEDs of front side of the cabinet.
b. The connectors for the switches and LEDs are normally together.

9. I/O devices installation

a. Finally connect all peripherals devices like mouse, keyboard, monitor, etc. to the respective I/O
ports.

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10. After connecting all the I/O devices, install an operating system then boot the system.

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RESULT

The disassembling and assembling of a PC has been done successfully.

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Task 3
INSTALLATION OF MS WINDOWS OPERATING SYSTEM
AIM

To install the MS Operating System in a personal computer.

PROCEDURE

Step1:
1. Insert the Windows operating system DVD-ROM and reboot the computer.
2. After loading the boot loader, the below screen will appear. In this step, press ‘continue’
button.

3. In this step, press ‘Install Now’ and start the operating system installation process.

4. The setup will initiate the windows installation process.

5. Once the operating system started, it will ask for product key for activation. At this step, if
Activation key available, enter the key and click on ‘Next’ button. Otherwise, press ‘I don’t
have product key’ button.

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6. In this step, setup will ask for which version of the operating system to be installed. Select
‘Windows 10 Home’ click on ‘Next’ button.

7. In this step, the setup will display the terms and conditions. Read all notices and licence terms
and check ‘I accept the licence terms’ box and click on ‘Next’ button.

8. In this step, the setup will for the mode of installation. Select ‘Custom: Install Windows only
(advanced)’ option and click on ‘Next’ button.

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9. In this step, select the partition for the Windows operating system to be installed. Select ‘Drive
0 Partition 2’ then click on ‘Next’ button.

10. After that, the windows 10 operating system takes place. Once it is completed the system will
restart automatically.

11. The windows installation setup will initiate the windows services after rebooting the system.

12. Next setup will ask for the Region. Select ‘India’ and click on ‘Yes’ button.

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13. In this step, setup will ask for the keyboard layout. Select ‘United States – International’ and
click on ‘Yes’ button.

14. In this step, read all privacy settings, select ‘Accept’ button.

15. Finally, after initiating the windows services, the Windows 10 operating system will be
completely installed on a PC. It will boot to the Desktop.

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RESULT

The installation of a Windows operating system in a PC has been done successfully.

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Task 4

INSTALLATION OF LINUX OPERATING SYSTEM

AIM

To install a Linux operating system in a PC.

PROCEDURE

1. Insert the Ubuntu Linux DVD-ROM and reboot the computer and load the bootloader by
pressing ‘Del’ key in keyboard.
2. Ubuntu Linux will start to install. In this step, select the language ‘English’ and press ‘Enter’
button.

3. In this step, select ‘Install Ubuntu’ option and press ‘Enter’ button.

4. In this step, select the language to be installed. By default, select ‘English’ and press ‘Forward’
button.

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5. In this step, select the time zone by clicking on the India in global map and press ‘Forward’
button.

6. In this step, select the keyboard layout as ‘USA’ and press ‘Forward’ button.

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7. In this step, select ‘Specify partition manually (advanced)’ and press ‘Forward’ button.

8. In this step, select ‘free space’ option in the listed partitions and select ‘New Partition’ button.

9. In this step, the setup will ask for mount point to start the install location select ‘/’ and press
‘Ok’ button. Then select ‘Forward’ button from the Prepare partition menu.

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10. In this step, the setup will ask for the username and password fields. Give username as ‘test’ and password ‘123’
and then select ‘Forward’ button.

11. Now the setup will show the setting review. Press ‘Install’ to start the installation process of Ubuntu.

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12. Now the setup will start to install Linux Ubuntu.

13. After installation, reboot the system.

14. After installation of Linux Ubuntu, the boot manager will ask for which operating system to be loaded when start
of the system.

15. By selecting ‘Windows Vista (Loader)’, we can boot the Windows 10 operating system in the PC.

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RESULT

The installation of Linux Ubuntu as dual boot with Windows operating system in a PC has done successfully.

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Task 5

INSTALLATION OF BOSS OPERATING SYSTEM

AIM

To install a BOSS operating system in a PC.

PROCEDURE

1. Insert the BOSS operating system DVD-ROM and reboot the computer.
2. BOSS operating system installation will begin. In this step, select ‘Graphical Install’ and press
‘Enter’ button.

3. After that setup will ask for installation language. Select ‘English’ and press ‘Continue’ button.

4. Next, the setup will ask the location. Select ‘India’ and press ‘Continue’ button.

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5. Next the setup will ask for the keyboard layout. Select ‘American English’ and press
‘Continue’ button.

6. Next the setup will ask for the host name. Give ‘boss’ as a Host name and press ‘Continue’
button.

7. Next the setup will ask for the username. Give ‘user1’ and press ‘Continue’ button.

8. Next the setup will ask for password. Give any 8 characters as password.

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9. Next the setup will ask for the partition to be installed. Select ‘Guided – use entire disk’ and
press ‘Continue’ button.

10. Next the setup will ask for the partitioning type. Select ‘All files in one partition
(recommended for new users)’ and press ‘Continue’ button.

11. Next the setup will show the review of the settings. After confirming all the details press
‘Continue’ button.

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12. Next the setup will start to install the BOSS operating system in the PC.

13. Once the installation completed, the setup will ask for GRUB installation. In this step, select
‘Yes’ and press ‘Continue’ button.

14. After finishing the installation, the setup will show the confirmation and ask to complete the
installation by clicking ‘Continue’ button.

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15. After the rebooting the system, the PC will load the BOSS operating system. By giving the
username and password fields, we can login to the system.

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RESULT

The installation of BOSS operating system in a PC has been done successfully.

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INTERNET & WORLD WIDE WEB

Task 1
ORIENTATION & CONNECTIVITY BOOT CAMP

AIM
To learn about the Local Area Network (LAN) and access the Internet by configuring the TCP/IP.

PROCEDURE

1. Open Network Connections.

2. Click the connection you want to configure, and then, under Network Tasks, click Change
settings of this connection.
3. Do one of the following:
a. If the connection is a local area connection, on the General tab, under This connection
uses the following items, click Internet Protocol (TCP/IP), and then click Properties.
b. If this is a dial-up, VPN, or incoming connection, click the Networking tab. In This
connection uses the following items, click Internet Protocol (TCP/IP), and then click
Properties.
4. Do one of the following:
a. If you want IP settings to be assigned automatically, click Obtain an IP address
automatically, and then click OK.
b. If you want to specify an IP address or a DNS server address, do the following:
i. Click Use the following IP address, and in IP address, type the IP address.
ii. Click Use the following DNS server addresses, and in Preferred DNS server and
Alternate DNS server, type the addresses of the primary and secondary DNS
servers.
5. To configure DNS, WINS, and IP Settings, click Advanced.

Steps to open Network Connections:

1. Click Start, point to Settings, click Control Panel, and then double- click Network Connections.
2. You should use automated IP settings (DHCP) whenever possible, for the following reasons:
a. DHCP is enabled by default.
b. If your location changes, you do not have to modify your IP settings.
c. Automated IP settings are used for all connections, and they eliminate the need to configure
settings such as DNS, WINS, and so on.

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RESULT

The implementation of configuring the TCP/IP settings has been completed successfully.

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Task 2
WEB BROWSERS, SURFING THE WEB
AIM

To learn about the web browsers with LAN proxy setting, search toolbars and pop-up blockers.

THEORY
• Internet
1. The internet is a network of computer networks worldwide.
2. The web is a tool used to retrieve information published on the internet.
3. To navigate the web, we use a browser i.e Microsoft Edge, Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, etc.

• Web Browsers
1. Web browser provides the means to the searching and also helps to download the web content.
2. Web browsers support most of the famous Internet Protocols like HTTP, FTP.
3. Common file formats a browser accepts are HTML.
4. Well known browsers natively support a variety of other formats in addition to HTML such as
JPEG,PNG,GIF image formats.
5. Different web browsers available in the market are:
▪ Microsoft Edge
▪ Google Chrome
▪ Mozilla Firefox
▪ Opera
▪ Safari

• Bookmark
Each web browser is built-in with the support of Internet Bookmarks which serve as a named anchor –
primarily to URLs. The primary purpose of this book mark is to easily catalog and access web pages that
the web browser user has visited or plans to visit, without having to navigate the web to get there.

Refresh the page

To go forward Address bar Share this page

page

To go Add Bookmark
previous page
Browser
Settings
• Pop-up Blockers
Pop-ups are a form of online advertising on the WWW intended to attract the attention of the users.
These pop ups are hosted on the web sites which are frequently visited by the netizens. These pop ups
are activated when these web sites open a new web browser window and there by displaying the
advertisements

• Plug-ins
A plug-in is a software component program that interacts with a main application to provide a better
integration of the media. The basic difference between application programs and plug-ins is that
multimedia files are launched in a separate window whereas in plug-ins multimedia play in the browser
window.

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Few famous plug-ins are:

1. Apple Quick Time
2. Macromedia flash
3. Microsoft Media Player
4. Adobe Shockwave
5. Sun Microsystems Java Applet

PROCEDURE

LAN Proxy Settings:

1. Go to ‘Settings’
2. Select ‘Network & Internet’
3. Select ‘Proxy’
4. Go to ‘Manual proxy setting’ -> ‘Edit’ option
5. Enable ‘Use a proxy server’
6. Provide the proxy IP Address and port number
7. Click on ‘Save’ button.

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RESULT

The study of web browsers with proxy settings, search toolbars and pop-up blockers was done successfully.

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Task 3

SEARCH ENGINES & NETIQUETTE

AIM

To learn about the operations of search engines.

SEARCH ENGINE:

• Even before the World Wide Web, there were search engines that attempted to organize the Internet.
• The first of these was the Archie search engine from McGill University in 1990, followed in 1991 by
WAIS and Gopher.
• All three of those systems predated the invention of the World Wide Web but all continued to index the
Web and the rest of the Internet for several years after the Web appeared.
• As the Web grew, search engines and Web directories were created to track pages on the Web and allow
people to find things.
• The first full-text Web search engine was WebCrawler in 1994. Before WebCrawler, only Web page
titles were searched. Another early search engine, Lycos, was created in 1993 as a university project,
and was the first to achieve commercial success. During the late 1990s, both Web directories and Web
search engines were popular—Yahoo! (founded 1994) and AltaVista (founded1995) were the respective
industry leaders.
• By August 2001, the directory model had begun to give way to search engines, tracking the rise of
Google (founded 1998), which had developed new approaches to relevancy ranking. Directory features,
while still commonly available, became after-thoughts to search engines. Database size, which had been
a significant marketing feature through the early 2000s, was similarly displaced by emphasis on
relevancy ranking, the methods by which search engines attempt to sort the best results first. Relevancy
ranking first became a major issue circa 1996, when it became apparent that it was impractical to review
full lists of results. Consequently, algorithms for relevancy ranking have continuously improved.
Google's PageRank method for ordering the results has received the most press, but all major search
engines continually refine their ranking methodologies with a view toward improving the ordering of
results. As of 2006, search engine rankings are more important than ever, so much so that an industry
has developed ("search engine optimizers", or "SEO") to help web-developers improve their search
ranking, and an entire body of case law has developed around matters that affect search engine rankings,
such as use of trademarks in meta tags. The sale of search rankings by some search engines has also
created controversy among librarians and consumer advocates

NETIQUETTE:

History:
Netiquette began before the 1991 start of the World. Text-based email, Telnet, Usenet, Gopher ,Wais, and
FTP from educational and research bodies dominated Internet traffic. At that time, it was considered somewhat
indecent to make commercial public postings, and the limitations of insecure, text-only communications
demanded that the community have a common set of rules. The term "netiquette" has been in use since at least
1983, as evidenced by posts of the satirical "Dear Emily" Postnews column.

Definition:
Netiquette, or net etiquette, refers to etiquette on the Internet. Good netiquette involves respecting others'
privacy and not doing anything online that will annoy or frustrate other people. Three areas where good
netiquette is highly stressed are e-mail, online chat, and newsgroups. For example, people that spam other
users with unwanted emails or flood them with messages have very badnetiquette. You don't want to be
one of those people. If you're new to a newsgroup or online chat room, it may help to observe how people
communicate with each other before jumping in.

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Netiquette (a portmanteau formed from "network etiquette") is a set of social conventions that facilitate
interaction over networks, ranging from Usenet and mailing lists to blogs and forums. However, like many
Internet phenomena, the concept and its application remain in a state of flux, and vary from community to
community.

Common characteristics:
Common rules for e-mail and USENET such as avoiding flame wars and spam are constant across most
mediums and communities. Another rule is to avoid typing in all caps or grossly enlarging script for emphasis,
which is considered to be the equivalent of shouting or yelling. Other commonly shared points, such as
remembering that one's posts are (or can easily be made) public, are generally
intuitively understood by publishers of Web pages and posters to USENET, although this rule is somewhat
flexible depending on the environment. On moreprivate protocols, however, such as e-
mail and SMS, some users take theprivacy of their posts for granted. One-on-one communications, such as
private messages on chat forums and direct SMSs, may be considered more private than other such protocols,
but infamous breaches surround even these relatively private media. For example, Paris Hilton's Sidekick PDA
was cracked in 2005, resulting in the publication of her private photos, SMS history, address book, etc.

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RESULT

The study of Search engines and Netiquette was done successfully.

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Experiment 4

CYBER HYGIENE
AIM

To learn about the various threats on the internet and configure the computer to be safe.

THEORY

Antivirus: Antivirus software is a program that either comes installed on your computer or that you purchase
and install yourself. It protects your computer against most viruses, worms, Trojan horses and other unwanted
invaders that can make your computer sick.

Firewall: A firewall is a special software or hardware designed to protect a private computer network from
unauthorized access. A firewall is a set of related programs located at a network gateway server which protects
the resources of the private network from users from other networks.

Types of Internet Threats:

• Viruses
• Network Worms
• Trojans
• Spyware / Adware
• Other Malware
• Other Threats
Viruses
• Main purpose is to spread and infect files
• Attach to a file and replicate when file is executed
• More than 100 000 known viruses exists in the world today
• Several hundred new viruses are discovered every month Network
Worms
• Self-replicating Viruses that reside in the active memory of a computer.
• Worms send themselves out to the Internet from infected systems.
• Either include tiny e-mail server or search for unprotected shared network drives to unload.
Trojan Programs
• Programs that installs themselves stealthily via Internet & provide access for malicious use
• Threats enabled by (/through) Trojans
o Data stealing
o Distributed spam eMails
Spyware / Adware
• Cookies – Track you online
• Browser Hijackers – Changes default home page
• Tracking Cookies – Gathers info of web usage
Other Threats
• Phishing
o Confidential information stealing by fraud emails & web sites (author falsified)
o Several millions of Phishing messages have been sent worldwide
o Fastest growing threat today

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PROCEDURE:
Installing Avast antivirus for Windows:

1. Go to www.avast.com to download the antivirus setup.

2. Double click on ‘avast_free_antivirus_setup_online.exe’ from Downloads folder.

3. The installer will open

4. Click ‘Install’ to proceed

5. License agreement will open. Click I accept the terms of the license agreement and then click next.
6. Follow the instruction on the screen to complete the installation.

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Block pop-up:
1. Open Microsoft edge browser.
2. Go to ‘Settings’
3. Select ‘Cookies and site permissions’
4. Go to ‘pop-up and redirects’

5. Enable the ‘Blocked’ option.

Windows Firewall:
1. Go to ‘Settings’
2. Go to ‘Privacy and Security’

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3. Select ‘Firewall and Network Protection’

4. Enable the Domain network’, ‘Private network’, and ‘Public network’.

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RESULT

The study of threats and the computer to be secured was done successfully.

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LaTex and Word

Task 1

LaTex and Word Orientation

AIM

To study about the basic tools in LaTex and Microsoft Word.

PROCEDURE
MS – WORD

Title Bar: This is a close-up view of the Title Bar, where file information is located. Notice the three buttons on
the right side, controlling program features.

Ribbon Menu System: The tabbed Ribbon menu system is how you navigate through Word and access the
various Word commands. If you have used previous versions of Word, the Ribbon system replaces the
traditional menus.

File menu
From this menu you can perform the same functions as were found under the Microsoft Office Button menu,
such as; create a new document, open existing files, save files in a variety of ways, and print.

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Home Tab: The most commonly used commands in MS Word are also the most accessible. Some of these
commands available in the Home Tab are:

The Home Tab Toolbar offers options that can change the font, size, color, alignment, organization and style of
the text in the document. For example, (starting from the left side of the Toolbar) the "Calibri" indicates the
FONT of your text, the "11" indicates the SIZE of your text; and so on.

The Ruler: The ruler is found below the Ribbon. The ruler tells you where you are on the page, along with the
dimensions of the overall document. Just like a real-world piece of paper, the default setting is 8.5 x 11 inches,
and margins have been incorporated for you. Similar to most options in MS Word, this is entirely customizable
and the user can create document of any dimension.

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Formatting Text: Changing the look of what you've written is called "formatting." This can include changing the
text style, size, color, and more. This is a sentence that features many different fonts. This is a sentence that
features many different sizes. From the Home Tab, the "B" will make your text bold, the "I" will put it in italics,
and the "U" will add an underline to your text. These features do not have to be used independently of each other
either—in other words, you can bold, underline, and italicize a single piece of text.

Saving Documents: Click on the File Tab, then click Save to get started. You can change the file name that
Word has automatically chosen just by typing a new one in the “File name” box at the bottom of the window
that appears.

MS Word will automatically save your document with the suffix (“extension”) “.docx”—this simply lets your
computer know that the file needs to be opened in Word 2010. You do not have to type this extension name—
just highlight the words (the default is “Document1”) and write a new file name.

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Finding More Help: You can get help with MS Word by clicking the Question Mark Button located in the top
right corner of the window.

LaTex

LATEX is a tool for typesetting professional-looking documents. However, LaTeX’s mode of

operation is quite different to many other document-production applications you may have used, such
as Microsoft Word or LibreOffice Writer: those “WYSIWYG” tools provide users with an interactive
page into which they type and edit their text and apply various forms of styling. LaTeX works very
differently: instead, your document is a plain text file interspersed with LaTeX commands used to
express the desired (typeset) results. To produce a visible, typeset document, your LaTeX file is
processed by a piece of software called a TeX engine which uses the commands embedded in your text
file to guide and control the typesetting process, converting the LaTeX commands and document text
into a professionally typeset PDF file. This means you only need to focus on the content of your
document and the computer, via LaTeX commands and the TeX engine, will take care of the visual
appearance (formatting).

\documentclass{article}
\begin{document}
First document. This is a simple example, with no
extra parameters or packages included.
\end{document}

The first line of code, \documentclass{article}, declares the document type known as its class, which
controls the overall appearance of the document. Different types of documents require different classes;
i.e., a CV/resume will require a different class than a scientific paper which might use the
standard LATEX article class. Having set the document class, our content, known as the body of the
document, is written between the \begin{document} and \end{document} tags. After opening the
example above, you can make changes to the text and, when finished, view the resulting typeset PDF
by recompiling the document.

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The document content was entered after the \begin{document} command; however, everything in
your .tex file appearing before that point is called the preamble, which acts as the document’s “setup”
section. Within the preamble you define the document class (type) together with specifics such as
languages to be used when writing the document; loading packages you would like to use, and it is
where you’d apply other types of configuration.

The preamble of a document

\documentclass[12pt, letterpaper]{article}
\usepackage{graphicx}

where \documentclass[12pt, letterpaper]{article} defines the overall class (type) of document.

Additional parameters, which must be separated by commas, are included in square brackets ([...]) and
used to configure this instance of the article class; i.e., settings we wish to use for this particular article-
class-based document.

Adding images

1. Use the Insert Figure button( ), located on the editor toolbar, to insert an image into Visual
Editor or Code Editor.
2. Copy and paste an image into Visual Editor or Code Editor.
3. Use Code Editor to write LaTeX code that inserts a graphic.

Creating lists in LATEX

An environment starts with \begin{environment-name} and ends with \end{environment-

name} where environment-name might be figure, tabular or one of the list types: itemize for unordered
lists or enumerate for ordered lists.

Unordered lists
\documentclass{article}
\begin{document}
\begin{itemize}
\item The individual entries are indicated with a black dot, a so-called bullet.
\item The text in the entries may be of any length.
\end{itemize}
\end{document}

Ordered lists
\documentclass{article}
\begin{document}
\begin{enumerate}
\item This is the first entry in our list.
\item The list numbers increase with each entry we add.
\end{enumerate}
\end{document}

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RESULT

The study of LaTex and Microsoft Word basic tools was done successfully.

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Task 2

CREATE A PROJECT CERTIFICATE USING LATEX AND WORD

AIM

To create a project certificate using LaTex and Microsoft Word.

PROCEDURE

LaTex

Bold, italics and underlining

• Bold: bold text in LaTeX is typeset using the \textbf{...} command.

• Italics: italicised text is produced using the \textit{...} command.
• Underline: to underline text use the \underline{...} command.

Title, author and date information

Adding a title, author and date to our document requires three more lines in the preamble (not the main
body of the document). Those lines are:
• \title{My first LaTeX document}: the document title
• \author{Hubert Farnsworth}: here you write the name of the author(s) and, optionally,
the \thanks command within the curly braces:
o \thanks{Funded by the Overleaf team.}: can be added after the name of the author,
inside the braces of the author command. It will add a superscript and a footnote with
the text inside the braces. Useful if you need to thank an institution in your article.
• \date{August 2022}: you can enter the date manually or use the command \today to typeset the
current date every time the document is compiled

Headers and footers

To customize the footer and header in your document use \usepackage{fancyhdr} in your preamble of
your document
• After that put \pagestyle{fancy} to set default fancy page style.
• \fancyhf{} clears any predefined header and footer control.
• \rhead{text} right side of the header.
• \lhead{text} left side of the header.

Example:
\usepackage{fancyhdr}
\pagestyle{fancy}
\fancyhf{}
\fancyhead[LE,RO]{Share\LaTeX}
\fancyhead[RE,LO]{Guides and tutorials}
\fancyfoot[CE,CO]{\leftmark}
\fancyfoot[LE,RO]{\thepage}

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WORD
Bold

1. Select the text you want to modify.

2. On the Home tab, click the Font Size drop-down arrow. Select a font size from the menu. If the
font size you need is not available in the menu, you can click the Font Size box and type the
desired size, then press Enter.

3. On the Home tab, click the Font Color drop-down arrow. The Font Color menu appears.

Bold, Italic, and Underline commands

1. Select the text you want to modify.

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2. On the Home tab, click the Bold (B), Italic (I), or Underline (U) command in the Font group. In
our example, we'll click Bold.

3. On the Home tab, select one of the four alignment options from the Paragraph group. In our
example, we've selected Center Alignment.

Insert a header or footer

1. Go to Insert > Header or Footer.

2. Choose the header style you want to use.

1. Add or change text for the header or footer. For more info on things you can do with headers,
see Edit your existing headers and footers. To edit a header or footer that's been already created,
double-click on it.
2. To eliminate a header--like deleting it on the title page--select it and then check the Different
First Page box.
3. Select Close Header and Footer or press Esc to exit.

Insert today's date

1. On the Insert tab, in the Text group, click Date & Time.

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2. In the Date and time dialog box, select the format you want and click OK.

Output:

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RESULT

The implementation of project certificate was done successfully.

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Task 3

CREATING PROJECT ABSTRACT FEATURES

AIM

To create a project abstract features..

PROCEDURE

Customize or create new styles

• To apply a style, simply select the text you want to format, and then click the style you want in
the Styles

Insert a table

• click Insert > Table and move the cursor over the grid until you highlight the number of
columns and rows you want.

• For a larger table, or to customize a table, select Insert > Table > Insert Table.

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Bullets and Numbering

To create a bulleted list:

• Click the Bullets button on the Formatting toolbar.

• Type the first item on your list, and press Enter.
• The next line will begin automatically with a new bullet.
• Type the next item on your list, and press Enter.
• When your list is complete, press the Enter key twice to stop the bulleted list.

To create a numbered list:

1. Click the Numbering button on the Formatting toolbar.
2. Type the first item on your list, and press Enter.
3. The next line will begin automatically with the next number.
4. Type the next item on your list, and press Enter.
5. When your list is complete, press the Enter key twice to stop the numbered list.

The Bullets and Numbering dialog box

You can view the type of bullets and numbers available to you by opening the Bullets and Numbering
dialog box.
• Select the text you want to turn into a list.
• Click Format on the menu bar.
• Select Bullets and Numbering. The Bullets and Numbering dialog box appears.
• Click the Bulleted tab to view bullet options, and click the Numbered tab to view number
options.
• Select the type of bullets or numbers you want, and click OK.

The Bullets and Numbering dialog box also offers you outline numbered options. By clicking
the Outline Numbered tab, you can view templates for creating an outline. The List Styles tab allows
you to create your own list style using similar alignment, bullets, and characters.

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Set text direction

• Text boxes and most shapes can include text in them. The text can be positioned horizontally or
vertically, and it can appear on one line or wrap to multiple lines.
• You can change the direction of the text, and you can also change the margins of text boxes and
shapes for optimal spacing, or resize shapes for a better text fit.

Specify text direction in a shape or text box

You can change direction of text in a shape or text box. For example, you can rotate text 90 or 270
degrees so that it appears sideways.
1. Right-click the edge of the shape or text box that contains the text.
2. On the shortcut menu, select Format Shape.
3. In the left pane of the dialog box, select Text Box.

4. Under Text layout, select the option that you want in the Text direction list.

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5. Select Close.

Align text in a cell

1. Select the cells that have the text you want aligned.
2. On the Home tab choose one of the following alignment options:

3. To vertically align text, pick Top Align , Middle Align , or Bottom Align .
4. To horizontally align text, pick Align Text Left , Center , or Align Text Right .
5. When you have a long line of text, part of the text might not be visible. To fix this without
changing the column width, click Wrap Text.
6. To center text spanning several columns or rows, click Merge & Center.

Hyperlinks in Word

1. To create a hyperlink, click Insert > Link.

2. In the Display text box, type the text that people will click on. To link to a web address, type or
paste the address in the Address box.

3. To link to an email address, type mailto: followed by the person’s email address, in
the Address box.

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Insert a symbol in Word

1. Place your cursor in the file at the spot where you want to insert the symbol.
2. Go to Insert > Symbol.

3. Pick a symbol, or choose More Symbols.

4. Scroll up or down to find the symbol you want to insert.
Different font sets often have different symbols in them and the most commonly used symbols are in
the Segoe UI Symbol font set. Use the Font selector above the symbol list to pick the font you want to
browse through.
5. When you find the symbol you want, double-click it. The symbol will be inserted in your file.
6. Select Close.

Spell Check in Word

1. On the Review tab, select Check Document.

2. The Editor pane categorizes spelling, grammar, and stylistic issues.

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3. Click each category to address the issues.

Track changes in Word

Turn Track Changes on and off

Go to Review > Track Changes.
▪ When Track Changes is on, the section is highlighted. Deletions are marked with a
strikethrough, and additions are marked with an underline. Different authors' changes are
indicated with different colors.
▪ When Track Changes is off, the section is not highlighted. Word stops marking changes, but the
colored underlines and strikethroughs are still in the document.

View tracked changes

Choose whose changes to track
You can choose to track only your own changes or everyone's changes.
▪ To track only your own changes - Go to Review > Track Changes > Just Mine.
▪ To track everyone's changes - Go to Review > Track Changes > For Everyone.

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RESULT

Thus the study of project abstract features in Microsoft Word was done successfully.

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Task 4

CREATING A NEWSLETTER

AIM

To create a newsletter using Microsoft Word.

PROCEDURE

Insert a table of contents

1. Put your cursor where you want to add the table of contents.
2. Go to References > Table of Contents. and choose an automatic style.

3. If you make changes to your document that affect the table of contents, update the table of
contents by right-clicking the table of contents and choosing Update Field.

Newspaper columns

1. To apply columns to only part of your document, with your cursor, select the text that you want
to format.
2. On the Page Layout tab, click Columns, then click More Columns.
3. Click Selected text from the Apply to box.

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Add clip art to your file

1. On the Insert tab of the toolbar ribbon, in the Images section, select Clip Art.
(In Outlook, when you're using the Reading pane, there isn't an Insert menu. Click Pop
Out and then you'll see the Insert menu and the Clip Art icon.)
The Clip Art task panel appears on the right side of the application window.
2. In the Search for box, type keywords that describe the art you're looking for.
3. Under Results should be, select the types of media you want included in the search results:
4.

5. Ensure that Include Bing content is selected if you're connected to the internet and want
images from the web included in your search results.

Turning on this option gives you more search results to choose from. (Otherwise, leave that box
cleared, and you'll only receive search results from the pictures installed on your computer by Office
2010.)
6. Select Go to start the search.
The search results are shown in the task panel.

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▪ You can scroll vertically if the results don't all fit in the task pane.
▪ To see a larger version of a thumbnail image in the result list, or to simply see the image
if all that is shown is a small red x placeholder, right-click the thumbnail and
select Preview/Properties.

While you're in the Preview/Properties window, you can browse through the images by
selecting Previous and Next.

7. To insert a picture in your document, right-click the thumbnail image in the task panel, and
select Insert.

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Once the image is inserted, you can adjust its placement by selecting it and dragging with the mouse.

Insert WordArt

1. Click where you want to insert decorative text in a document.

2. On the Insert tab, in the Text group, click WordArt.
3. Click any WordArt style, and start to type.

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Formatting Images

To crop an image:
When you crop an image, part of the picture is removed. Cropping can be useful if you're working with
an image that's too big and you want to focus on only part of it.
1. Select the image you want to crop. The Format tab will appear.
2. From the Format tab, click the Crop command.

3. Cropping handles will appear on the sides and corners of the image. Click and
drag any handle to crop the image. Because the cropping handles are near the resizing handles,
be careful not to drag a resizing handle by mistake.

To add a border to a picture:

1. Select the picture you want to add a border to, then click the Format tab.
2. Click the Picture Border command. A drop-down menu will appear.
3. From here, you can select a color, weight (thickness), and whether the line is dashed.

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4. The border will appear around the image.

Making image adjustments

With Word's image adjustment tools, you can easily change properties like color, contrast, saturation,
and tone. Word also offers built-in picture styles, which can be used to add a frame, drop shadow, and
other predefined effects.
When you're ready to adjust an image, simply select it. Then use the options below, which can be
found on the Format tab.

Corrections
From here, you can sharpen or soften the image to adjust how clear or blurry it appears. You can also
adjust brightness and contrast, which affect the image's lightness and general intensity.

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Add a text box

1. Go to Insert > Text Box, and then select one of the pre-formatted text boxes from the list,
select More Text Boxes from Office.com, or select Draw Text Box.

2. If you select Draw Text Box, click in the document, and then drag to draw the text box the size
that you want.
3. To add text, select inside the box and type or your paste text.

Mail Merge
Step 1: Set Up the Excel Data File

▪ The first row should contain field names for each column -- for example, Title, Salutation, First
Name, Middle Name, Last Name, Address1, and Address2.
▪ Each field name should be unique.
▪ Each row should provide information about a particular item. For example, in a mailing list,
each row might include information about a particular recipient.
▪ The table should contain no blank rows.

Step 2: Set Up the Main Document

1. In Microsoft Office Word 2007, click Start Mail Merge in the Start Mail Merge group on
the Mailings tab, and then click Step by Step by Mail Merge Wizard.

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2. Under Select document type, click Letters.

The active document becomes the main document. The main document contains the text and
graphics that are the same for each version of the merged document. For example, the return
address and the salutation in a form letter are the same for each version.
3. Click Next: Starting document.
4. Use one of the following methods:
1. Start with the document that is currently shown in the document window. To do this,
click Use the current document.

You can then either type the letter in the document window or wait until the wizard
prompts you to do so in a later step.
2. Start with a template. To do this, follow these steps:
1. Click Start from a template.
2. Click Select template.
3. On the Mail Merge tab, select the template that you want in the Select Template
dialog box, and then click OK.
3. Start with an existing document. To do this, follow these steps:
1. Click Start from existing document.
2. In the Start from existing box, select the document that you want, and then
click Open.
3. If you do not see the document, click More files, and then click Open. In the
Open dialog box, locate the document that you want, and then click Open.
5. Click Next: Select recipients.

Step 3: Specify the Excel Data Source

1. Under Select recipients, click Use an existing list.
2. Click Browse.
3. In the Select Data Source dialog box, locate and then click the Excel worksheet that you want
to use.

By default, Word opens the "My Data Sources" folder.

4. Click Open.
5. If your Excel worksheet contains information about multiple tabs, select the tab that contains
the information that you want, and then click OK.
6. All entries in the data source appear in the Mail Merge Recipients dialog box. Here, you can
refine the list of recipients to include in the merge.

Step 4: Select the Recipients

1. In the Mail Merge Recipients dialog box, select the recipients that you want to include. To do
this, use one of the following methods:
▪ Use the check boxes to designate recipients.
▪ Sort items in the list.
▪ Filter items in the list.
1. Click the arrow next to the column heading of the element that you want to filter
by.
2. Click any of the following:
1. (Blanks): This option displays all the records in which the corresponding

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field is blank.
2. (Nonblanks): This option displays all the records in which the
corresponding field contains information.
3. If the data source contains records that share the same information, and if
there are 10 or fewer unique values in the column, you can filter by
specific information. For example, if there are multiple addresses that list
Australia as the country, you can filter by Australia.

▪ The Mail Merge Recipients dialog box displays only the designated records. To display all the
records again, click (All).

2. Click OK to return to the Mail Merge Wizard.

Word uses the recipients that you designated for the merge.
3. Click Next: Write your letter.

Step 5: Complete the Letter and Add Merge Fields

Insert Merge Fields

Insert merge fields where you want to merge names, addresses, and other information from the data
source. To insert merge fields, follow these steps:
1. In the main document, click where you want to insert the field.
2. Insert any of the following:
▪ Address block with name, address, and other information:
i. Click Address block.
ii. In the Insert Address Block dialog box, select the address elements that you want
to include and the formats that you want, and then click OK. For help on an
option, click the question mark, and then click the option.

iii. For help on an option, click the question mark, and then click the option. If the
Match Fields dialog box appears, Word may be unable to find some of the
information it needs for the address block. Click the arrow next to
(not available), and then select the field from your data source that corresponds
to the field required for the mail merge.
▪ Greeting line:
i. Click Greeting line.
ii. Select the greeting line format that includes the salutation, name format, and
following punctuation.
iii. Select the text that you want to appear in the cases in which Word cannot
interpret the recipient's name. For example, Word cannot interpret the name
when the data source contains no first or last name for a recipient, but only a
company name.
iv. Click OK.
v. If the Match Fields dialog box appears, Word may be unable to find some of the
information it needs for the greeting line. Click the arrow next to (not available),
and then select the field from your data source that corresponds to the field
required for the mail merge.
▪ Other fields of information:
i. Click More items.

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ii. Use one of the following methods:

▪ Click Address Fields to select from address fields that will automatically
map to corresponding fields in your data source, even if the data source's
fields do not have the same name as your fields.
▪ Click Database Fields to select from fields that always take data directly
from a column in a database.
iii. In the Fields box, click the field that you want.
iv. Click Insert, and then click Close.
v. If the Match Fields dialog box appears, Word may not be able to find some of
the information it needs to insert the field. Click the arrow next to (not
available), and then select the field from your data source that corresponds to
the field required for the mail merge.

Note If you insert a field from the Database Fields list, and if you later switch to
a data source that does not have a column with the same name, Word cannot
insert that field information into the merged document.
▪ To add electronic postage, you must first install an electronic postage program, such as
one that you can purchase from a third-party provider on the Web. To use electronic
postage, follow these steps:Postal bar code: You must select a letter or envelope type
that supports the POSTNET bar code. To use the Postal bar code, follow these steps:
i. Click Postal Bar Code.
ii. In the Insert Postal Bar Code dialog box, select the appropriate address fields.

Note The Postal Bar Code option appears only if you are using the U.S. language
version of Word.
iii. Repeat steps a and b for all the fields that you want to insert. NOTES:
▪ You cannot type merge field characters (" ") or insert them by using the
Symbol command on the Insert menu.
▪ If the merge fields appear inside braces, such as { MERGEFIELD City },
Word is displaying field codes instead of field results. This does not
affect the merge, but if you want to display the results instead, right-click
the field code, and then click Toggle Field Codes on the shortcut menu.

Step 6: Save the Document

After you have completed the main document and inserted all the merge fields, make sure that you save
the document before proceeding. To do this, follow these steps:
1. In Word 2007, click the Microsoft Office Button, and then click Save As.
2. Name the document, and then click Save.

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RESULT

The implementation of the creation of Newsletter using Microsoft Word was done successfully.

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EXCEL
Excel Orientation

AIM

To learn about the basic features of Microsoft Excel.

INTRODUCTION TO MS EXCEL:
MS-EXCEL is a part of Microsoft Office suite software. It is an electronic spreadsheet with
numerous rows and columns, used for organizing data, graphically representing data(s), and
performing different calculations. It consists of 1048576 rows and 16384 columns, a row and column
together make a cell. Each cell has an address defined by column name and row number example A1,
B1, etc. This is also known as a cell reference.

What is MS Excel?
Microsoft Excel is a software application designed for creating tables to input and organize
data. It provides a user-friendly way to analyze and work with data. The image below provides a visual
representation of what an Excel spreadsheet typically appears like

Excel Interface

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What is a Cell?
A spreadsheet takes the shape of a table, consisting of rows and columns. A cell is created at the
intersection point where rows and columns meet, forming a rectangular box. Here’s an image
illustrating what a cell looks like:

What is Cell Address or Cell Reference?

The address or name of a cell or a range of cells is known as Cell reference. It helps the
software to identify the cell from where the data/value is to be used in the formula. We can reference
the cell of other worksheets and also of other programs.
Referencing the cell of other worksheets is known as external referencing.
Referencing the cell of other programs is known as remote referencing.
There are three types of cell references in Excel:
1. Relative reference.
2. Absolute reference.
3. Mixed reference.

Features of MS Excel
Ribbon
The Ribbon in MS-Excel is the topmost row of tabs that provide the user with different
facilities/functionalities. These tabs are:

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Home Tab
It provides the basic facilities like changing the font, size of text, editing the cells in the
spreadsheet, autosum, etc.
Insert Tab
It provides the facilities like inserting tables, pivot tables, images, clip art, charts, links, etc.
Page layout
It provides all the facilities related to the spreadsheet-like margins, orientation, height, width,
background etc. The worksheet appearance will be the same in the hard copy as well.
Formulas
It is a package of different in-built formulas/functions which can be used by user just by
selecting the cell or range of cells for values.
Data
The Data Tab helps to perform different operations on a vast set of data like analysis through
what-if analysis tools and many other data analysis tools, removing duplicate data, transpose the row
and column, etc. It also helps to access data(s) from different sources as well, such as from Ms-Access,
from web, etc.
Review
This tab provides the facility of thesaurus, checking spellings, translating the text, and helps to
protect and share the worksheet and workbook.
View
It contains the commands to manage the view of the workbook, show/hide ruler, gridlines, etc,
freezing panes, and adding macros.
How to Create a New Spreadsheet
In Excel 3 sheets are already opened by default, now to add a new sheet :
In the lowermost pane in Excel, you can find a button.
Click on that button to add a new sheet.

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We can also achieve the same by Right-clicking on the sheet number before which you want to
insert the sheet.
1. Click on Insert.

2. Select Worksheet.
3. Click OK.

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How to Open an Existing Worksheet

On the lowermost pane in Excel, you can find the name of the current sheet you have opened.
On the left side of this sheet, the name of previous sheets are also available like Sheet 2, Sheet 3
will be available at the left of sheet4, click on the number/name of the sheet you want to open and the
sheet will open in the same workbook.
For example, we are on Sheet 4, and we want to open Sheet 2 then simply just click on Sheet2
to open it.

Managing the Spreadsheets

You can easily manage the spreadsheets in Excel simply by :
• Simply navigating between the sheets.

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How to Save the Workbook

• Click on the Office Button or the File tab.
• Click on Save As option.
• Write the desired name of your file.
• Click OK.
How to Share your Workbook
• Click on the Review tab on the Ribbon.
• Click on the share workbook (under Changes group).
• If you want to protect your workbook and then make it available for another user then click on
Protect and Share Workbook option.
• Now check the option “Allow changes by more than one user at the same time. This also allows
workbook merging” in the Share Workbook dialog box.
• Many other options are also available in the Advanced like track, update changes.
• Click OK.

Ms-Excel shortcuts
• Ctrl+N: To open a new workbook.
• Ctrl+O: To open a saved workbook.
• Ctrl+S: To save a workbook.
• Ctrl+C: To copy the selected cells.
• Ctrl+V: To paste the copied cells.
• Ctrl+X: To cut the selected cells.
• Ctrl+W: To close the workbook.
• Delete: To remove all the contents from the cell.
• Ctrl+P: To print the workbook.
• Ctrl+Z: To undo.
What is the Latest Versions of Excel
The most recent edition of Microsoft Excel is part of MS Office 2019, which is the latest
version of the Microsoft Office suite. It comes packed with numerous new features introduced by
Microsoft.

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RESULT

The study of basic features of the Microsoft Excel was done successfully.

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Task 1

CREATING A SCHEDULER

AIM

To create a scheduler using Spreadsheet tool.

THEORY:
Grid lines:
• Click the worksheet.
• On the file menu, click page setup and the click the sheet tab.
• Click gridlines.
• Select the sheets on which you want to change the gridlines color.
• On the Tools menu click options click the color you want in the color box.
• To use the default gridlines color click automatic.
• Lines you can add to a chart that make it easier to view and evaluate data. Gridlines extend
from the tick marks on an axis across a plot area.
Format Cell:
• Change the font and font size.
• Change the text color.
• Make selected text or numbers bold, italic or underlined.
• Create a new style.
Auto fit:
• Combine cells horizontally or vertically to make one large cell.
• Add borders to cells.
• Shade cells with colors.
• Change the column width and row height
• Change the font, font size or colors of text.
• Align text vertically at the top, center and bottom of cell.

Formatting the text:

• Select the text you want to format.
• On the format menu click cells and then click number tab.
• In the catalog box click text.
• Enter the numbers in the formatted cells.
• Click ok.
• Then press enter and reenter the data.

PROCEDURE:

Prepare the Document

1. If the Protected View banner appears at the top of the spreadsheet, click Enable Editing. This
will allow you to make changes and add information to the template.

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Enter the Date and Time Ranges

1. At the top of the template, click on the cell below Schedule Start Time and enter the time you
would like the schedule to begin in the HH:MM format. The template will automatically
populate the schedule with times by the half hour, starting from the time you enter.

2. Click on the cell below Week Start Date and enter the date of the Sunday that begins the week
in the MM/DD/YY format. The template will automatically populate the dates of each weekday
within the schedule.

Add Scheduled Events

1. Within the schedule, locate the first time slot of your first scheduled activity. Click on that cell
and enter the details of your scheduled activity.

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2. Repeat this process for all scheduled activities for each weekday.

3. For scheduled events that last longer than 30 minutes, click within the starting time cell, and
click the green square in the lower-right corner and drag to the ending cell. Next, click
the Merge & Center button to combine the cells. You can also find this option by clicking the
drop-down menu for Cell Styles in the Quick Access Toolbar.

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This will create longer, combined cells to represent longer periods of time.

4. To duplicate schedule entries, click on the cell you want to duplicate. Then, press Ctrl + C to
copy that entry. Next, click on the cell you would like to contain the duplicate entry, and
press Ctrl + V to paste it.
5. When you have completed your schedule, be sure to save your work. Excel does not
automatically save changes. Select File > Save or use the following shortcut keys:
Ctrl + S

How to Customize Your Weekly Schedule

Adding colors and thicker borders can make your schedule easier to read and more personalized. We’ll
walk you through how to customize your weekly schedule in the sections below.

How to Color Code a Schedule in Excel

1. Right-click on the cell you would like to fill with color, then click Format Cells in the drop-
down menu.

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2. In the Format Cells window, click the Fill tab. Then click the drop-down menu
for Background Color, click on a color, and click the OK button.

3. Repeat this process for all cells where you would like to add color.

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How to Add Thicker Borders to Events

1. Right-click on the cell you would like to highlight with a thicker border, then click Format
Cells in the drop-down menu.

2. In the Format Cells window, click the Border tab. Choose a Line Style and Line Color in the
menu on the left, then click Outline in the Presets menu. When you are done, click
the OK button.

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3. Repeat this process for all cells where you want to add a border.

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RESULT

The implementation of creating a scheduler using Spreadsheet tools was done successfully.

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Task 2

CALCULATING GPA

AIM

To calculate a GPA of a student using Spreadsheet tool.

THEORY
Text direction.
• Click the arrow down next to the text direction button. For right to left click right to left. For
left to right reading order, click left to right.
• For reading order that is consistent with the language of the first entered character, click
context. For reading order that is inconsistent with the language of the first entered character,
click control.
• In the tools menu click options and then click chart tab.
• To show all worksheet data in the chart even if some rows and columns are hidden, clear the
plot visible cells by checkbox.
• To prevent hidden rows and columns from displaying in the chart, select the plot cells only
checkbox.

Worksheet:
• In the file menu go to menu then a new worksheet is created.
• To add a single worksheet, click worksheet on the Insert menu. To add multiple worksheets
hold down shift and then click the number of worksheet WEEKs to add in an open workbook

Sort:
• Click a cell in the list you want to sort.
• On the Data menu click sort.
• Under first key sort click the custom sort order you want and then click ok.
• Click any other sorting option you want.

PROCEDURE
Formulae in Excel:
1. First click on start button at the bottom of the screen on status bar.
2. Click on programs and then on Microsoft excel. Then open a new document.
3. Give the main heading and subheading by changing the size so that they look in block letters.
4. Enter the data.
5. To calculate go to Insert menu in the menu bar and then click on function and then ok.
6. Then select the data to which you want to calculate mean. Then you get the required answer.
7. In same way, sample means standard deviation lower count limit and upper count limit.
8. Go to insert menu and click on function and select the required operation to be done and select
the data and calculate.
9. Formulas for all the above are given below.
• Mean = (s1+s2+s3+s4+s5)/5;

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• Sample Mean = avg (mean)

• Standard deviation = (mean, sample, mean)
• Sample standard deviation= avg (Standard deviation)
• Lower count limit = sample mean – sample standard deviation.
• Upper count limit = Sample mean + Sample Standard deviation

WORKSHEET
1. First click on start button at the bottom of the screen on statusbar.
2. Click on programs and then Ms-excel.
3. Then enter the data as given. Enter the student‘s names, Subjective wise marks, total and avg.
4. Then calculate the total and avg by using formula.
5. Then go to Data menu and click sort.
6. Under first key sort, click custom sort order needed i.e. ascending order or alphabetical order
and then click ‘Ok’.
7. Then the required worksheet is prepared.
Count Function
The COUNT function counts the number of cells that contain numbers, and counts numbers within the
list of arguments. Use the COUNT function to get the number of entries in a number field that is in a
range or array of numbers. For example, you can enter the following formula to count the numbers in
the range A1:A20: =COUNT(A1:A20).
Syntax
COUNT(value1, [value2], ...)
The COUNT function syntax has the following arguments:
▪ value1 Required. The first item, cell reference, or range within which you want to count
numbers.
▪ value2, ... Optional. Up to 255 additional items, cell references, or ranges within which you
want to count numbers.

Hyperlink
1. On a worksheet, click the cell where you want to create a link.
You can also select an object, such as a picture or an element in a chart, that you want to use to
represent the link.

▪ On the Insert tab, in the Links group, click Link .

You can also right-click the cell or object and then click Link on the shortcut menu, or you can press
Ctrl+K.
2. Under Link to, click Existing File or Web Page.
3. Do one of the following:
▪ To select a file, click Current Folder, and then click the file that you want to link to.
You can change the current folder by selecting a different folder in the Look in list.
▪ To select a web page, click Browsed Pages and then click the web page that you want to

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link to.
▪ To select a file that you recently used, click Recent Files, and then click the file that you
want to link to.
▪ To enter the name and location of a known file or web page that you want to link to,
type that information in the Address box.
▪ To locate a web page, click Browse the Web , open the web page that you want to
link to, and then switch back to Excel without closing your browser.
4. If you want to create a link to a specific location in the file or on the web page, click Bookmark,
and then double-click the bookmark that you want.

5. In the Text to display box, type the text that you want to use to represent the link.

6. To display helpful information when you rest the pointer on the link, click ScreenTip, type the
text that you want in the ScreenTip text box, and then click OK.

Calculating GPA
1. Set up your initial columns. In the A column, type in the serial number. In the B column, type
subject codes. In C column, type subject names. In D column, type subject credits. In E column,
type the subject Grades. In F column, calculate the credits earned by using the formula: Ci * Gi.
2. Calculate total credits in D12 cell.

3. Calculate the total credits in F12 cell.

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4. Calculate the GPA by dividing the credits earned and total credits in D15 cell.

Insert Chart
1. Select the B2:B11 cells and E2:E11 cells i.e subject codes and credits earned cells.
2. Go to Insert -> Coulmn chart type.
3. Select 2D Column chart type.

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RESULT

The implementation of calculation of GPA using spreadsheet was done successfully.

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LOOKUP/VLOOKUP
Task 3

VLOOKUP

AIM

To study about the split cells, freeze panes, sorting, Boolean & logical operators conditional
formatting and VLOOKUP in Microsoft Excel.

PROCEDURE

Split a cell

1. Select the cell or cells whose contents you want to split.

2. On the Data tab, in the Data Tools group, click Text to Columns. The Convert Text to
Columns Wizard opens.

3. Choose Delimited if it is not already selected, and then click Next.

4. Select the delimiter or delimiters to define the places where you want to split the cell content.
The Data preview section shows you what your content would look like. Click Next.

5. In the Column data format area, select the data format for the new columns. By default, the
columns have the same data format as the original cell. Click Finish.

Freeze rows or columns

Freeze the first column
▪ Select View > Freeze Panes > Freeze First Column.

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The faint line that appears between Column A and B shows that the first column is frozen.
Freeze the first two columns
1. Select the third column.
2. Select View > Freeze Panes > Freeze Panes.
Freeze columns and rows
1. Select the cell below the rows and to the right of the columns you want to keep visible when
you scroll.
2. Select View > Freeze Panes > Freeze Panes.

Outline (group) data in a worksheet

1. Make sure that each column of the data that you want to outline has a label in the first row (e.g.,
Region), contains similar facts in each column, and that the range you want to outline has no
blank rows or columns.
2. If you want, your grouped detail rows can have a corresponding summary row—a subtotal. To
create these, do one of the following:
▪ Insert summary rows by using the Subtotal command
▪ Insert your own summary rows

3. By default, Excel looks for summary rows below the details they summarize, but it's possible to
create them above the detail rows. If you created the summary rows below the details, skip to
the next step (step 4). If you created your summary rows above your detail rows, on
the Data tab, in the Outline group, click the dialog box launcher.

The Settings dialog box opens.

Then in the Settings dialog box, clear the Summary rows below detail checkbox, and then
click OK.

4. Outline your data. Do one of the following:

Outline the data automatically

▪ Select a cell in the range of cells you want to outline.

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▪ On the Data tab, in the Outline group, click the arrow under Group, and then
click Auto Outline.

Sorting
1. Select a single cell anywhere in the range that you want to sort.
2. On the Data tab, in the Sort & Filter group, click Sort to display the Sort popup window.

3. In the Sort by dropdown list, select the first column on which you want to sort.
4. In the Sort On list, choose Values, Cell Color, Font Color, or Cell Icon.
5. In the Order list, choose the order that you want to apply to the sort operation—alphabetically
or numerically, ascending or descending (that is, from A to Z (or Z to A) for text, or lower to
higher, or higher to lower for numbers).

Boolean and Logical operators

IF function
The IF function is one of the most popular functions in Excel, and it allows you to make logical comparisons between a
value and what you expect.
So an IF statement can have two results. The first result is if your comparison is True, the second if your comparison is
False.

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For example, =IF(C2=”Yes”,1,2) says IF(C2 = Yes, then return a 1, otherwise return a 2).

cell D2 says: IF(C2 = Yes, then return a 1, otherwise return a 2)

AND function
Use the AND function, one of the logical functions, to determine if all conditions in a test are TRUE.
Example

The AND function returns TRUE if all its arguments evaluate to TRUE, and returns FALSE if one or more arguments
evaluate to FALSE.
One common use for the AND function is to expand the usefulness of other functions that perform logical tests. For
example, the IF function performs a logical test and then returns one value if the test evaluates to TRUE and another
value if the test evaluates to FALSE. By using the AND function as the logical_test argument of the IF function, you
can test many different conditions instead of just one.

Syntax
AND(logical1, [logical2], ...)

OR function

Use the OR function, one of the logical functions, to determine if any conditions in a test are TRUE.
Example

The OR function returns TRUE if any of its arguments evaluate to TRUE, and returns FALSE if all of its arguments
evaluate to FALSE.
One common use for the OR function is to expand the usefulness of other functions that perform logical tests. For
example, the IF function performs a logical test and then returns one value if the test evaluates to TRUE and another
value if the test evaluates to FALSE. By using the OR function as the logical_test argument of the IF function, you
can test many different conditions instead of just one.
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Syntax
OR(logical1, [logical2], ...)

NOT function
Use the NOT function, one of the logical functions, when you want to make sure one value is not equal to another.
Example

The NOT function reverses the value of its argument.

One common use for the NOT function is to expand the usefulness of other functions that perform logical tests. For
example, the IF function performs a logical test and then returns one value if the test evaluates to TRUE and another
value if the test evaluates to FALSE. By using the NOT function as the logical_test argument of the IF function, you
can test many different conditions instead of just one.
Syntax
NOT(logical)
The NOT function syntax has the following arguments:
▪ Logical Required. A value or expression that can be evaluated to TRUE or FALSE.

TRUE function

Returns the logical value TRUE. You can use this function when you want to return the value TRUE based on a
condition. For example:
=IF(A1=1,TRUE())
You can also enter the value TRUE directly into cells and formulas without using this function. For example:
=IF(A1=1,TRUE)
If the condition is met, Excel returns TRUE in both examples. If the condition is not met, Excel returns FALSE in
both examples.
Syntax
TRUE()
The TRUE function syntax has no arguments.

Apply conditional formatting

1. Select the range of cells, the table, or the whole sheet that you want to apply conditional formatting to.
2. On the Home tab, click Conditional Formatting.

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VLOOKUP Formula
VLOOKUP stands for Vertical Lookup. As the name specifies, VLOOKUP is a built-in Excel function that helps you
look for a specified value by searching for it vertically across the sheet. VLOOKUP in Excel may sound complicated,
but you will find out that it is a very easy and useful tool once you try it. Look at the example below to understand
VLOOKUP.
=VLOOKUP(lookup_value, table_array, col_index_number,[range_lookup])

Where,
• lookup_value: This specifies the value that you want to look up in our data.
• table_array: This is the location where the values are present in excel.
• col_index_number: This specifies the column number from where we need to return the value.
• range_lookup: This has two options; if the value is set to FALSE, that means we are looking for an exact
match. If the value is TRUE, then we are looking for an approximate match.

How To Find an Exact Match Using VLOOKUP?

VLOOKUP makes it effortless to look for an exact match from the table. Let’s take a look at how to do this with the
help of an example:
• In the example below, we are using the VLOOKUP function to find the value of the exact match of ID from
the given table. So, we set the first parameter as the lookup value, which is the cell H5.

• We specify the location of the table in the second argument. As you can see, the table location is A2:F11.
• The third argument specifies the Column Index number. This tells us what value should be returned from the
row that we are looking up for. In the example, the product column is 3.
• The last argument is a Boolean Expression. Here, the value is set to FALSE for the VLOOKUP function to
return an exact match for the value. An N/A error is displayed in case the exact value is not found.

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RESULT

Thus the study of LOOKUP/VLOOKUP function using Microsoft Excel was done successfully.

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POWERPOINT
Task 1

CREATE BASIC POWERPOINT PRESENTATION

AIM

To create the basic powerpoint slides using Microsoft Powrpoint tool.

PROCEDURE

Slide layout

Slide layouts contain formatting, positioning, and placeholder boxes for all of the content that appears on a
slide. Placeholders are the dotted-line containers on slide layouts that hold such content as titles, body text, tables,
charts, SmartArt graphics, pictures, clip art, videos, and sounds. Slide layouts also contain the colors, fonts, effects,
and the background of a slide.

PowerPoint includes built-in slide layouts, and you can modify these layouts to meet your specific needs, and you can
share your custom layouts with other people who create presentations in PowerPoint.

In Slide Master view, you can change the standard slide layouts that are built in to PowerPoint. The picture below
shows the slide master and two of the layout masters for a theme in Slide Master view.

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▪ If you want to apply a defined slide layout to a particular slide, select the slide. Then, on the toolbar ribbon,
select Home > Layout and choose a layout from the gallery of options that appears.

▪ If you want to customize the definition of a slide layout that you then later apply to individual slides, on the
toolbar ribbon, select View > Slide Master. (This feature isn't available in PowerPoint for the web.)

The layout masters appear as thumbnails in the thumbnail pane under the slide master. Click a layout master in the
thumbnail pane, and then begin customizing.

Add text to a slide

You can add text to a PowerPoint slide or a slide master by inserting a text box and typing inside that box. You can
then format that text by selecting the text or the entire box. You can also add text to placeholders and shapes.

Add WordArt
▪ Select Insert > WordArt and choose the style you want.

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Add and format text

1. Select a text box and type some text.
2. To format, select the text, and select an option to change the font, spacing, or alignment.
To create bulleted or numbered lists, select the text, and then select Bullets or Numbering.

Add bullets or numbers to text

1. On the View tab, in the Presentation Views group, click Normal.

2. On the left side of the PowerPoint window, click a slide thumbnail that you want to add bulleted or numbered
text to.

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3. On the slide, select the lines of text in a text placeholder or table that you want to add bullets or numbering to.
4. On the Home tab, in the Paragraph group, click Bullets or Numbering .

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Adding arrows in PowerPoint

1. Open PowerPoint and select the slide where you want to add the arrow.
2. Click on the 'Insert' tab in the ribbon and select the 'Shapes' dropdown menu.
3. Choose the arrow shape you want to use by clicking on it.
4. Click and drag your cursor to create the arrow.
5. Once you're done, you can resize and reposition the arrow by clicking on it and
dragging the selection handles.
6. In case you want to change the color or style of the arrow, click on the 'Shape
Format' tab in the ribbon and customize it to your liking.
7. Finally, you can add text to the arrow by right-clicking on it and choosing "Add
Text."

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RESULT

Thus the study of creating basic powerpoint slide using Microsoft Powerpoint tool was done successfully.

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Task 2
INTERACTIVE PRESENTATION

Aim

To create the interactive the presentations using Microsoft power point tool.

PROCEDURE

Add a hyperlink to a slide

Link to a website
1. Select the text, shape, or picture that you want to use as a hyperlink.
2. Select Insert > Hyperlink.
3. Select Existing File or Web Page, and add the:
▪ Text to display: Type the text that you want to appear as hyperlink.
▪ ScreenTip: Type the text that you want to appear when the user hovers over the hyperlink
(optional).
▪ Current Folder, Browsed Pages, or Recent Files: Select where you want to link to.
▪ Address: If you haven't already selected a location above, insert the URL for the web site you
want to link to.
If you link to a file on your computer, and move your PowerPoint presentation to another computer, you'll also
need to move any linked files.
▪ 4. Select OK.

Link to a place in a document, new document, or email address

1. Select the text, shape, or picture that you want to use as a hyperlink.
2. Select Insert > Hyperlink and select an option:
▪ Place in This Document: Link to a specific slide in your presentation.
▪ Create New Document: Link from your presentation to another presentation.
▪ E-mail Address: Link a displayed email address to open up a user's email program.
3. Fill in the Text to display, ScreenTip, and where you want to link to.
4. Select OK.

Insert a picture

1. Click where you want to insert the picture on the slide.

2. On the Insert tab, in the Images group, click Pictures and then click This Device.

3. In the dialog box that opens, browse to the picture that you want to insert, click that picture, and then
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click Insert.

Add audio

1. Select Insert > Audio.

2. Select Audio on My PC.
3. In the Insert Audio dialog box, select the audio file you want to add.
4. Select Insert.

Embed a video

1. In Normal view, click the slide that you want the video to be in.
2. On the Insert tab, click the arrow under Video, and then click Video on My PC.
3. In the Insert Video box, click the video that you want, and then click Insert.

Add a table

1. Click the Insert Table content placeholder.

You can also insert a table by clicking the Insert tab on the ribbon and then the Table button.
2. Specify the number of columns and rows.
3. Click OK.

4. Click in a cell and type in your information.

Navigation shortcuts:
• Press the Tab key to move to the next adjacent cell.
• Use arrow keys to move one cell at a time.

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Charts and graphs in your presentation

1. Click Insert > Chart.

2. Click the chart type and then double-click the chart you want.

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3. In the worksheet that appears, replace the placeholder data with your own information.

4. When you insert a chart, small buttons appear next to its upper-right corner. Use the Chart
Elements button to show, hide, or format things like axis titles or data labels. Or use the Chart

Styles button to quickly change the color or style of the chart.

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Result

Thus the study about interactive presentation using Microsoft powerpoint was done successfully.

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Task 3

MASTER LAYOUTS
AIM

To create the master layout powerpoint slides using Microsoft Powrpoint tool.

PROCEDURE

1. Open a blank presentation: File > New > Blank Presentation

2. On the Design tab, select Slide Size > Custom Slide Size and choose the page orientation and dimensions you
want.
3. On the View tab, in the Master Views group, choose Slide Master.

The slide master is the largest slide image at the top of the slide thumbnail list, to the left of your slides. Associated
slide layouts are positioned beneath the slide master.

4. To make changes to the slide master or slide layouts, on the Slide Master tab, do any of the following:
▪ To add a colorful theme with special fonts and effects, click Themes, and choose a theme from the
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gallery. Use the scrollbar on the right to see more themes.

▪ To change the background, click Background Styles, and choose a background.

▪ To add a placeholder (to hold text, a picture, chart, video, sound, and other objects), in the thumbnail
pane, select the slide layout that you want to hold the placeholder, and do the following:
▪ Click Insert Placeholder, and select the type of placeholder you want to add.

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▪ On the slide master or slide layout, click and drag to draw the placeholder size.
▪ To move a placeholder around on a slide master or slide layout, select the edge and then drag it into a
new position.

▪ To remove an unwanted placeholder in a slide master or slide layout, select it in the slide thumbnail
pane, and then select the border of the placeholder on the slide and press Delete.
▪ To set the page orientation for all of the slides in your presentation, click Slide Size > Custom Slide
Size.

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Under Orientation, choose Portrait or Landscape.

Speaker notes to your slides

The Notes pane is a box that appears below each slide. An empty Notes pane will prompt you with text that
says, Click to add notes. Type your speaker notes there. If you don’t see the Notes pane or it is completely minimized,
click Notes on the task bar across the bottom of the PowerPoint window.

If your notes exceed the allotted length of the Notes pane, a vertical scroll bar appears on the side of the pane. You
can also enlarge the Notes pane by pointing your mouse at the top line of the pane and then dragging upward after the
pointer turns into a double-headed arrow.

Types of Views in Powerpoint presentation

You can find the different PowerPoint view options on the View tab, as shown below.

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Normal view

You can get to Normal view from the task bar at the bottom of the slide window, or from the View tab on the
ribbon.
Normal view is the editing mode where you’ll work most frequently to create your slides. Below, Normal view
displays slide thumbnails on the left, a large window showing the current slide, and a section below the current slide
where you can type your speaker notes for that slide.

Slide Sorter view

You can get to Slide Sorter view from the task bar at the bottom of the slide window, or from the View tab on the
ribbon.
Slide Sorter view (below) displays all the slides in your presentation in horizontally sequenced, thumbnails. Slide
show view is helpful if you need to reorganize your slides—you can just click and drag your slides to a new location,
or add sections to organize your slides into meaningful groups.

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Notes Page view

You can show or hide your speakers notes with the Notes button at the bottom of the slide window, or you
can get to Notes Page view from the View tab on the ribbon.
The Notes pane is located beneath the slide window. You can print your notes or include the notes in a presentation
that you send to the audience, or just use them as cues for yourself while you're presenting.

Outline view
You can get to Outline view from the View tab on the ribbon. (In PowerPoint 2013 and later, you can no longer get
to Outline view from Normal view. You have to get to it from the View tab.)
Use Outline view to create an outline or story board for your presentation. It displays only the text on your slides, not
pictures or other graphical items.

Master views
To get to a master view, on the View tab, in the Master Views group, choose the master view that you want.
Master views include, Slide, Handout, and Notes. The key benefit to working in a master view is that you can make
universal style changes to every slide, notes page, or handout associated with your presentation.

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Add a background picture

1. Select the slide you want to add a background picture to.

2. Select Design > Format Background.
3. In the Format Background pane, select Picture or texture fill.
4. Select File.
5. In the Insert Picture dialog box, choose the picture you want to use and then select Insert.
6. Make adjustments to the background picture to make sure text is visible and it's positioned where you want.
1. Use Transparency to make the picture lighter.
2. Use the Offset settings to adjust the position of the picture.
3. Use Tile picture as texture to repeat the picture across the slide.
7. If you want the background picture on every slide, select Apply to All.

Insert Textures in powerpoint

Step 1: Insert the picture on your slide

Go to the ‘Insert’ tab on your PowerPoint ribbon and insert the picture you want to apply textured effect to.

Step 2: Cover it with a rectangle and apply texture

Go to Auto shapes menu. Using the ‘Rectangle’ tool draw a large rectangle that covers the entire photo. Remove
outline.

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Right click on the rectangle and go to Format Shape -> Fill.

Choose ‘Picture or texture fill’ option to choose a texture image from your file. Or choose a texture from one of the
presets available in PowerPoint. We chose ‘Denim’ texture.

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Step 3: Increase the transparency of the texture

Go to ‘Transparency’ slider and increase the transparency of the texture fill to 40%.

Applying Design Templates in PowerPoint

Create your own design template

1. Open a presentation you wish to use a basic design template or create a presentation for this purpose.
2. Click on File in the ribbon, click on Save As and choose where to save it.
3. In the Save As dialog box, under File name, type in a name for your template.
4. Click Design Template from the Save as type: dropdown menu (bottom of screen).
5. Click the Save button.
Apply a design template
1. Open your presentation.
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2. Click the Design tab on the ribbon.

3. Click the design you want - the design is applied to the presentation.

Hide or show a slide

Hide a slide
1. In the left navigation pane, select the thumbnail image of the slide you want to hide.
2. Right-click the slide, then select Hide Slide. The slide now shows a slash through the slide number to indicate
that it's hidden:

Unhide a slide
1. In the left navigation pane, select the hidden slide you want to unhide.
2. Right-click the slide, then select Unhide Slide.

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RESULT

Thus the study of creating master layouts in powerpoint slide using Microsoft Powerpoint tool was done
successfully.

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AI TOOLS – CHATGPT
Task 1

PROMPT ENGINEERING

Aim

To study about the prompt engineering and different types of prompts using ChatGPT.

PROCEDURE

What is Prompt Engineering?

Communication with AI is crucial and understanding how to communicate with it effectively is
helpful. The entire communication process revolves around writing commands which are referred to
as prompts.
High quality inputs will result in better output. Similarly, poorly defined prompts will lead to
inaccurate responses or responses that might negatively impact the user. After all, "With great power
comes great responsibility".
Prompt engineering cuts across different applications, including chatbots, content generation tools,
language translation tools, and virtual assistants.

What are Prompt Categories?

1. Information-seeking prompts - These prompts are specifically designed to gather information.

The prompts mostly answer the question What and How. Examples of such prompts: "What are
the most popular tourist attractions in Kenya?", "How do I prepare for a job interview?"
2. Instruction-based prompts - These are used to give instructions to the model to perform a
specific task. A good example of such prompts is the use of Siri, Alexa, or Google Assistant.
For example, an instruction prompt might be "Call mom”, or “Play the latest episode from my
favorite TV show."
3. Context-providing prompts - Just as the name suggests, these prompts provide information to
the AI to help it better understand what the user needs as a response. For example, if you’re
planning a party and need some decoration ideas and activities for attendees, you can structure
your prompt like so: "I am planning a party for my child, what are some decoration ideas and
activities that the attendees might do to make it enjoyable and memorable?"
4. Comparative prompts - These are used to compare or evaluate different options given to the
model to help the user make an appropriate decision. For example: "What are the strengths and
weaknesses of Option A compared to Option B?"
5. Opinion-seeking prompts - These are designed to get the AI's opinion on a given topic. For
example: "What would happen if we could travel back in time?"
6. Reflective prompts - These prompts are designed to help individuals gain a deeper
understanding of themselves, their beliefs, and their actions. They are more like
encouragement/self-growth prompts based on a topic or personal experience. You might be
required to give the model a bit of info before getting a desirable response.
7. Role-based prompts - These prompts provide responses by framing the user's request within a
specific role. It's the most commonly used category of prompts. By giving the AI a role, it gives
responses based on the role given.

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Result

Thus the study of prompt engineering using ChatGPT was done successfully.

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Task 2
CREATIVE WRITING

Aim

To study about creative writing using ChatGPT.

PROCEDURE

Creative writing is a major aspect of content creation that includes the development of texts, both
fictional and not, that go beyond the standard structures and norms that define styles such as
journalistic, academic, or technical writing. It's difficult to imagine that an AI system could simulate
the spontaneity that lies at the heart of creative writing; but what if we view it as an "idea generator?"
In all processes, especially creative ones, there are times when one faces a figurative or literal blank
page or even writer's block. It's in those precise moments that ChatGPT can help us find a starting
point.

Advantages of writing content with ChatGPT

1. Overcoming creative block

When writing, we often know what we want to say but not necessarily how to say it. That's where
ChatGPT can help. In those cases, you can write your idea into the prompt and receive a proposal that
may help you improve your own. The response likely won't be perfect, but you may be able to pick
and choose some words or expressions and spruce up your own writing.

2. Maintaining a consistent tone

In addition to answering specific questions, ChatGPT can also continue or complete texts. You can
make sure that all the text follows the same tone, whether it's formal and respectful for a serious topic
or familiar and colloquial for a more lighthearted one.

3. Adapting a text to the reader

ChatGPT is also able to summarize or rewrite a text to make it more understandable. This option can
be useful for adapting the information to various readers according to their level of understanding of
the subject, their context, or other needs.

4. Imitating a particular style

One of the most interesting features of ChatGPT is its ability to replicate a style of a professional, a
brand, or even a person. If you enter the keywords “act like” in the prompt, the chat will respond with
a written text emulating how it may have been written, for instance, by a journalist, by Domestika, or
by Gloria Fuertes.

5. Detecting keywords
Nowadays, it's important to ensure that your content is well-positioned and optimized for online
searches. With that in mind, ChatGPT can be used to generate and rank keywords related to the topic
you're writing about.

6. Avoiding plagiarism
When writing a text that will exist in a digital environment, it's essential to avoid publishing repeated
content. Since ChatGPT is a unique generator of text that has never been written before, it can be
used as an effective tool to avoid any hint of plagiarism.
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Result

Thus the study of creative engineering was done successfully.

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Task 3

LANGUAGE TRANSLATION

Aim

To study about the language translation using CHatGPT.

PROCEDURE

At present ChatGPT can translate over 10,000 languages that are spoken worldwide and can be hailed
as one of the best translation tools. Also, ChatGPT is capable of handling over 25,000 words, which
can allow users to largely rely for content creation and translation.
Unlike other translation tools, ChatGPT doesn’t just provide mere translation of text from one
language to another but rather gives deep cultural and contextual meaning to the user-given
text. ChatGPT is capable of delivering the roots of the given phrase, present usage, and changes the
given phrase has taken over in time.
Tools such as Google Translator are incapable of giving a customized translation and merely giving
the meaning. By using ChatGPT, a user can adjust the tone and style of translation by giving suitable
prompts in this translation tools. As this AI bot is culture-specific, you can include cultural
connotations for such works.

Translate Languages With ChatGPT

Step 1: No Prerequisite Knowledge Required

Using ChatGPT as a language translator doesn’t demand any prior knowledge. What’s important is
your understanding of the context and the desired output.
Step 2: Create an OpenAI Account
To see the full potential of ChatGPT, you need an OpenAI account. Sign up
to https://chat.openai.com/auth/login to access the benefits it offers.
Step 3: Input Your Translation Request
Once you have your OpenAI account ready, it’s as simple as typing your translation request into the
chat box. For example, you can say, “Translate the following text from X language to Y language:
[Your Text Here].” This straightforward command initiates the translation process.

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Result

Thus the study of language translation using ChatGPT was done successfully.

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Content beyond Syllabus

Task 1
INSTALLATION OF MS OFFICE PACKAGE

Aim
To study about the installation process of Microsoft Office package in windows operating systems.

PROCEDURE

1. Purchase Microsoft Office 2007 on CD.

2. Insert the Microsoft Office 2007 setup disc into your PC's optical drive. If there are
multiple discs, insert the one that says something like "Installation" or "Disc 1."
3. Press Win+E to open the File Explorer. You can also open the File Explorer by right-
clicking the Start menu and selecting File Explorer.

4. Navigate to the CD-ROM drive. If you see your CD-ROM drive in the right panel,
double-click it to open it. If not, scroll down the left panel until you find the CD-ROM
drive under "This PC" or "Computer," and then click it to view its contents in the right
panel.

5. Double-click the Setup.exe file to run it. It'll be in the root folder of the Office 2007 CD.
This launches the installer wizard.

6. Enter your 25-character Product Key and click Continue. This product key is usually on
a sticker on the CD case, but it may also be on your receipt (check the email receipt if
you ordered online). If you've installed Office 2007 on the same computer in the past,
you may find an Office product key on a Certificate of Authenticity sticker on the PC
itself.

7. Accept Microsoft's license terms and click Continue . You'll have to check the box
next to "I agree" to accept the terms.
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8. Follow the on-screen instructions to install Office. The process may take several minutes to
complete.

9. Click Close when the installation is complete.

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Result

Thus the study about the installation of Microsoft office package was done successfully.

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Task 2

UTILIZATION OF CHATGPT FOR ENGINEERING SPECIFIC DOMAINS

Aim

To study about the ChatGPT for engineering specific domain problems.

PROCEDURE

1. Open ChatGPT the following address: https://chat.openai.com/

2. Give the command to chat window.

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Result

Thus the study of utilization of ChatGPT for engineering specific domains was done successfully.

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