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12 views

sampling

nothing

Uploaded by

Anshika Pathania
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Image Digitization

DR. SAKSHI
ARORA
Image Formation
Sampling and Quantization
Sampling and Quantization
Whittaker-Shanon Sampling

 Frequency ≥ (2 X W)

≤ 2w
1
T
2-D sampling  f(x,y) Band limited function…….F(u,v) = 0

zczc
Nyquist Theorm

• Δ�� ≤ 1/2�� ������ Δ�� ≤ 1/2��

• Are the lower bounds of the equation and are known as the Nyquist rate.
Tessellation

 The spatial arrangement of the sample points is k/a Tessellation.


Calculation time!

 Q1. An image is 2400 pixels wide and 2400 pixels high. The image is 300 dpi. What is the physical
size of the image?
��ℎ������������ �������� =������������ ���� ������������ ���� ��������ℎ
 Sol:
������������ ���� ������������ ���� ℎ������ℎ��
�������������������� ��
��������������������

2000
=
2400
300��
300= 8 ������ℎ �� 8 ������ℎ

 Hence, the physical size of the image is 8 X 8 inch2


Image Digitization
Resampling

 During the scaling of an image, the number of pixels should be


increased sometimes to retain image quality: DOWNSAMPLING
 Sometimes, the pixels are reduced for better compression :
UPSAMPLING

3333
 �� =
339999
999933

 F’ =
3+3+9+9
4
3+3+9+9 4
3+3+9+9
4
3+3+9+9 4

=6666

Resampling ( UpSampling)
 Zero Order Hold Process

F =21
13

2010
 F’ =  F’’ =

000010300000

2211221111331133

Resampling
(Upsampling) Linear
Interpolation:
H =21
13

2010
 H’ =  H’’ =  H’’ =

0000
1030
0000

2 1.5 1 0.5
0000
1 2 3 1.5
0000

2 1.5 1 0.5 1.5 1.75 2 1 1 2 3 1.5


0.5 1 1.5 0.75
 Q2. Given a gray scale image on paper whose physical dimension is
2.5 inch X 2 inch, scanned at the rate of 150 dpi. Calculate the following:
 How many bits are required to represent the image?
 How much time is required to transmit the image if the modem is 28kbps?
 Estimate these two values if it were a binary image.

 Solution:
(a) The number of bits required to represent a gray scale image (A pixels in a
grayscale image uses 8 bits) is given as follows:
2.5 �� 150 �� 2 �� 150 �� 8 = 375 �� 300 �� 8 = 112,500 �� 8 �������� = 9,00,000
��������

 (b) The total time taken to transmit the image is as follows:


���������� ������������ ���� �������� ����
����������

������������������������ ����������=9,00,000

28,000= 32.14 ��
 (c)If it were a binary image, then the number of bits
required to represent the image can be calculated
as follows:
2.5 �� 150 �� 2 �� 150 �� 1 = 375 �� 300 �� 1 = 112,500 ��������

 Thank You

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