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1-Introduction to HTML.

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15 views10 pages

1-Introduction to HTML.

Uploaded by

kushaltiwari9759
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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IntroductIon to HtML

HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) is the standard markup


language used to create web pages. It serves as the
backbone of web content, enabling developers to structure
their documents and define how elements are displayed in
a web browser. This unit will provide a comprehensive
overview of HTML, including its basic concepts, structure,
evolution, essential tags, text formatting, and hyperlinks.
1. Overview of HTML
Basic Concepts
HTML is a markup language, which means it uses a system of
tags to annotate text, images, and other content on a
webpage. These annotations instruct the web browser on
how to display the content. HTML is not a programming
language; instead, it focuses on structuring content.
Key Characteristics of HTML:
• Markup Language: HTML uses tags to define elements.
• Static Content: HTML is primarily used for static content;
dynamic features require additional languages like
JavaScript.
• Hyperlinks: HTML allows linking to other documents or
resources via hyperlinks, creating a network of
interconnected information.
Structure of HTML Documents
An HTML document is structured hierarchically. At the highest
level, it consists of various elements, each defined by tags.
An HTML document typically includes:

• Doctype Declaration: Specifies the version of HTML


being used (e.g., <!DOCTYPE html>).
• HTML Element: The root element that encapsulates the
entire document.
• Head Section: Contains metadata about the document,
including title, links to stylesheets, and scripts.
• Body Section: Contains the visible content of the
webpage, including text, images, and other media.
2. HTML Versions
HTML has evolved over the years, with various versions being
released to improve functionality and user experience.

Evolution from HTML to HTML5


• HTML 1.0: The first version, released in 1993, provided
basic text formatting and link capabilities.
• HTML 2.0: Introduced in 1995, this version standardized
the features available to web developers.
• HTML 3.2: Released in 1997, it added support for tables
and applets.
• HTML 4.01: Introduced in 1999, this version emphasized
the separation of content and presentation, allowing for
more sophisticated web designs.
• XHTML: A stricter version of HTML that followed XML
rules, it was introduced in 2000.
• HTML5: Released in 2014, HTML5 marked a significant
leap forward, providing new features such as audio and
video support, local storage, semantic elements, and
improved accessibility.
3. Basic Tags
HTML tags are the building blocks of web content. They come
in pairs, consisting of an opening tag and a closing tag, with
content in between. Below are some essential tags:

a) <html>
The <html> tag is the root element of an HTML document. It
signifies the beginning and end of an HTML page.
b) <head>
The <head> section contains metadata, which is not displayed
on the webpage. It includes information like the document
title, character set, and linked resources (e.g., CSS files).

c) <title>
The <title> tag specifies the title of the webpage, which
appears in the browser tab. It helps with SEO and user
navigation.

d) <body>
The <body> tag contains all the visible content of the
webpage, including text, images, and links.
e) Headings (<h1> to <h6>)
HTML provides six levels of headings, from <h1> (the largest)
to <h6> (the smallest). These tags are used to structure
content hierarchically, improving readability and SEO.

f) <p>
The <p> tag defines a paragraph. It is a block-level element
that automatically adds space before and after the text.

g) <br> and <hr>


• The <br> tag is used for line breaks within text, creating
a new line without starting a new paragraph.

• The <hr> tag creates a horizontal rule (line) that


separates content, often used to indicate a thematic
change.
4. Text Formatting
HTML allows for various text formatting options to enhance
the presentation of content.

a) Bold, Italics, and Underline


• Bold: The <strong> tag indicates strong importance and
renders text in bold.
• Italics: The <em> tag emphasizes text, rendering it in
italics.
• Underline: The <u> tag applies an underline to text.

b) Lists
HTML supports both ordered and unordered lists, which help
organize content clearly.

• Ordered List: Created with the <ol> tag, it presents


items in a numbered format.
• Unordered List: Created with the <ul> tag, it presents
items with bullet points.
• List Items: Each item within a list is defined by the <li>
tag.
c) Block-Level Elements
Block-level elements, such as <div>, <header>, <footer>, and
<section>, take up the full width available and begin on a
new line. They are used to structure the layout of a
webpage.

5. Hyperlinks
Hyperlinks are a fundamental feature of HTML, allowing users
to navigate between different webpages or resources.
a) Internal Links
Internal links connect to other pages within the same
website. They are created using the <a> (anchor) tag, with
the href attribute specifying the destination URL.

b) External Links
External links point to pages on different websites. Similar to
internal links, they are created with the <a> tag, but they
navigate users away from the current site.

c) Mailto Links
Mailto links allow users to send emails directly from the
webpage. These links use the mailto: protocol within the
href attribute (e.g., <a
href="mailto:[email protected]">Email Us</a>).
6. Conclusion
HTML serves as the foundation for web development,
enabling developers to create structured and visually
appealing webpages. Understanding its basic concepts,
tags, and functionalities is essential for anyone pursuing a
career in computing, web design, or digital content
creation.
By mastering HTML, students can effectively communicate
information on the web, enhance user experience, and
build the groundwork for more advanced web
technologies, such as CSS and JavaScript. As the internet
continues to evolve, so too will HTML, making it an
essential skill for future web developers and designers.

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