1

1 A student is studying elephants.The diagram shows an elephant.

(a) The student measures the elephant and records the values, as shown in the table.

Complete the table by adding a suitable unit for each measurement. Choose the units from
those shown in the box.

2 2 2
m kg cm mm g m cm mg mm

measurements value unit

mass of elephant 4000

height of elephant 3.0

average area of an elephant’s foot 0.125

[2]

(b) Using information from the table in (a):

(i) calculate the weight of the elephant

weight = .............................................. N [3]

2

(ii) calculate the pressure the elephant exerts on the ground when it is standing on four
feet. Include a unit.

pressure = .............................................. [4]

[Total: 9]

2 The diagram shows a measuring cylinder containing some water.

25
cm3
20

15

10

(a) State the volume of the water in the measuring cylinder.

3
volume = ....................................... cm [1]

(b) A student adds 20 drops of water to the water that is in the measuring cylinder in the diagram.
3
The new volume of water in the measuring cylinder is 25 cm .

Calculate the average volume of one drop of water.

3
average volume of one drop = ......................................... cm [4]

[Total: 5]

3 The diagram shows students about to start a 50.0 m swimming race.

3

(a) The length of the pool is 50.0 m.

Name a suitable piece of equipment that could be used to measure the length of the pool.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) The race starts and the students swim to the end of the 50.0 m pool.

The diagram shows the times recorded on the stop watches for the winner and the swimmer
in second place.

(i) Determine the time taken by the winner to swim 50.0 m. Use information from the
diagram.

winner’s time = ...................................................... s [1]

(ii) Calculate the average speed of the winner.

average speed = .............................................. m / s [2]

4

(iii) Calculate the time difference between the winner and the swimmer in second place.

time difference = .................................................... s [1]

[Total: 5]

4 A student has been told to find the density of some liquid paraffin by measuring its mass and its
volume.

(a) Which piece of laboratory equipment should she use to measure the volume of the liquid
paraffin?

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) Which piece of laboratory equipment should she use to find the mass of the liquid paraffin?

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(c) Describe the procedure she would follow in order to find the mass.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [3]

[Total: 5]
5

5 The diagram shows a pile of coins, a measuring cylinder and a beaker containing some water.

Describe how the student can measure the volume of one of the coins using the set-up shown in
the diagram.

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [4]

[Total: 4]

6 Water is dripping from a tap into a measuring cylinder.

The water drops fall from the tap at equal time intervals.

A student uses a stop-watch to measure the time taken for the tap to produce 200 drops. The
diagram shows the time reading on the stop-watch.

1 s
min s 100

03 : 46. 50

(a) Determine the time, in seconds, for the tap to produce 200 drops.

time = .............................................. s [2]

6

(b) Determine the average time interval between one drop starting to fall and the next drop starting
to fall.

time interval = .............................................. s [2]

[Total: 4]

7 A student determines the speed of three cars on a straight road.

The student measured the time for the cars to travel 50 m.

(a) The table shows the measurements.

car distance travelled / m time taken / s

A 50 3.2

B 50 4.0

C 50 3.6

(i) Without calculation, identify the fastest car and the slowest car.

Complete the table.

car

the fastest car

the slowest car

[2]

(ii) Calculate the speed of car B.

speed = ............................................................. m / s [3]

(b) (i) Estimate the time, in minutes, for car C to travel 5000 m.

estimated time = ............................ minutes [2]

7

(ii) Explain why your answer in (b)(i) may not be the same as the actual time taken for the
car to travel 5000 m.

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................ [1]

[Total: 8]
5
8 A train of mass 5.6 × 10 kg is at rest in a station.

At time t = 0 s, a resultant force acts on the train and it starts to accelerate forwards.

The graph is the distance-time graph for the train for the first 120 s.

(a) (i) Use the distance-time graph to determine the average speed of the train during the
120 s.

average speed = .............................................. [1]

8

(ii) Use the distance-time graph to determine the speed of the train at time t = 100 s.

speed = .............................................. [2]

(iii) Describe how the acceleration of the train at time t = 100 s differs from the acceleration
at time t = 20 s.

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................ [2]
2
(b) (i) The initial acceleration of the train is 0.75 m / s .

Calculate the resultant force that acts on the train at this time.

resultant force = .............................................. [2]

(ii) At time t = 120 s, the train begins to decelerate.

State what is meant by deceleration.

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................ [1]

[Total: 8]

9 A student moves a model car along a bench.

The graph is the speed-time graph for the motion of the model car.
9

(a) Describe the motion of the car in each of the sections A, B, C and D.

A .......................................................................................................................................

B .......................................................................................................................................

C .......................................................................................................................................

D ....................................................................................................................................... [4]

(b) Determine the distance moved by the model car in the first five seconds.

distance = .............................................. m [3]

[Total: 7]

10 A woman drives a car from town A to town B. She stops at a garage during her journey.

The distance-time graph for the journey is shown on the graph.

10

(a) (i) Determine the total time for the whole journey.

time = ................................................. h [1]

(ii) Determine the time for which the car is not moving.

time = ................................................. h [1]

(iii) Determine the distance between town A and town B.

distance = ........................................ km [1]

(iv) Calculate the average speed of the car between 0 and 0.75 h.

average speed = ..........................km / h [3]

(b) The speed of the car before stopping at the garage is different from its speed after stopping
at the garage.

Describe this difference in speed and explain how the graph shows it.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [2]

[Total: 8]

11 The diagram is the speed-time graph for an ice skater.

11

(a) Explain what is meant by deceleration.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) Use the graph to determine

(i) the distance travelled between times t = 3.0 s and t = 6.0 s,

distance = .............................................. [2]

12

(ii) the deceleration between times t = 3.0 s and t = 6.0 s.

deceleration = ........................................ [2]

(c) (i) State what happens to the size of the deceleration after t = 6.0 s.

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) State what happens to the resultant force on the skater after time t = 6.0 s.

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................ [1]

[Total: 7]

12 The diagram shows the speed-time graph for the motion of a car.

The mass of the car is 1200 kg.

(a) Calculate, for the first 20 s of the motion,

13

(i) the distance travelled by the car,

distance = ........................................................... [2]

(ii) the acceleration of the car,

acceleration = ..................................................... [2]

(iii) the resultant force acting on the car.

resultant force = .................................................. [2]

(b) Describe the motion of the car in the period of time from 25 s to 40 s.

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 7]

13 The diagram shows a sign that extends over a road.

14

3
The mass of the sign is 3.4 × 10 kg.

(a) Calculate the weight W of the sign.

W = .............................................. [2]

(b) The weight of the sign acts at a horizontal distance of 1.8 m from the centre of the support post
and it produces a turning effect about point P.

Point P is a horizontal distance of 1.3 m from the centre of the support post.

(i) Calculate the moment about P due to the weight of the sign.

moment = .............................................. [3]

15

(ii) A concrete block is positioned on the other side of the support post with its centre of
mass a horizontal distance of 70 cm from the centre of the support post.

State what is meant by centre of mass.

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................ [1]

(iii) The weight of the concrete block produces a moment about point P that exactly cancels
the moment caused by the weight W.

Calculate the weight of the concrete block.

weight = .............................................. [2]

(c) The concrete block is removed. The sign and support post rotate about point P in a clockwise
direction.

State and explain what happens to the moment about point P due to the weight of the sign as
it rotates.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [2]

[Total: 10]

14 The diagram shows a large box with a heavy lid.

16

(a) The weight of the box is 2250 N.

Calculate the mass of the box.

mass = .......................................................... kg [3]

(b) A man wants to lift the lid of the box. He puts a strong metal bar between the box and the lid.
He applies a force to the bar as shown in the diagram.

(i) Calculate the moment of his force about the pivot. State the unit.

moment = ..................................................... [4]

(ii) The moment in (b)(i) is not sufficient to lift the lid. Describe how the man can increase
the moment, using the same force.

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................ [1]

[Total: 8]

15 All the sides of a plastic cube are 8.0 cm long. The diagram shows the cube, (not to scale).
17

The mass of the cube is 0.44 kg.

(a) Explain what is meant by mass.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) (i) Calculate the density of the plastic from which the cube is made.

density = ............................................................. [2]

(ii) The density of one type of oil is 850 kg / m3.

State and explain whether the cube floats or sinks when placed in a container of this
oil.

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................ [1]

(c) On the Moon, the weight of the cube is 0.70 N.

(i) Calculate the gravitational field strength on the Moon.

gravitational field strength = ................................................... [2]

18

(ii) In a laboratory on the Moon, the plastic cube is held stationary, using a clamp, in a
3
beaker of the oil of density 850 kg / m .

The arrangement is shown in the diagram.

The lower face of the cube is 3.0 cm below the surface of the oil.

Use your answer to (c)(i) to calculate the pressure due to the oil on the lower face of
the cube.

pressure = .......................................................... [2]

[Total: 8]

16 The diagram shows a tyre hanging from the branch of a tree.

19

(a) The mass of the tyre is 15 kg.

Calculate its weight.

weight of tyre = ..................................................... N [2]

(b) The weight of the tyre exerts a moment on the branch, about point P where the branch joins
the tree.

(i) Explain what is meant by the term moment.

................................................................................................................................ [1]

(ii) A child sits on the tyre. The weight of the child and tyre together is 425 N. Calculate
the moment of this force about point P. Use information given in the diagram. Include
the unit.

moment = ............................................................ [4]

(iii) A heavier child wants to sit on the tyre. Describe how the tyre position should be adjusted
so that the moment is the same as in (b)(ii).

................................................................................................................................ [1]

[Total: 8]

17 The diagram shows the forces acting on a uniform balanced beam. The beam is pivoted at its
centre.
20

(a) Calculate the moment of the 5.2 N force about the pivot and show that its value is close to
30 Ncm.

[3]

(b) The beam is balanced. Calculate force P.

force P = ...................................................... N [4]

[Total: 7]

18 A student suspends a spring from a clamp stand and measures the length l0 of the spring.

The diagram shows the apparatus.

21

l0

(not to scale)

The student then suspends loads of different weights from the spring and measures the length of
the spring for each load. He then plots a graph of the length of the spring against weight.

This is the graph that the student plots.

0.80

length / m

0.60

0.40

0.20

0
0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0
weight / N

(a) Using the graph, determine the initial length l0 of the spring.

l0 = ................................................. [1]
22

(b) State what is meant by the limit of proportionality and, using the graph, determine the weight
of the load that causes this spring just to reach the limit of proportionality.

limit of proportionality ........................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

weight = ............................................................................................................................ [2]

(c) Using the graph, determine the spring constant of this spring.

spring constant = ......................................... [3]

[Total: 6]

19 The diagram shows a uniform rod of wood suspended from a pivot.

(not to scale)

The rod is held stationary by a horizontal force F acting as shown.

The mass of the rod is 0.080 kg.

(a) Calculate the weight W of the rod.

weight = .............................................. [1]

23

(b) Calculate the moment of W about the pivot.

moment = .............................................. [2]

(c) Calculate the moment of F about the pivot.

moment = .............................................. [1]

(d) Calculate the force F.

force = .............................................. [2]

[Total: 6]

20 The diagram shows a uniform plank AB of length 2.0 m suspended from two ropes X and Y.

The weight W of the plank is 210 N. The force in rope X is P. The force in rope Y is Q.

(a) State, in terms of P, the moment of force P about B.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) Calculate:
24

(i) the moment of W about B

moment = .............................................. [1]

(ii) the force P

force P = .............................................. [2]

(iii) the force Q.

force Q = .............................................. [2]

[Total: 6]

21 A tower crane has a load W, as shown in the diagram.

25

(a) The counterweight has a weight of 80 000 N. This acts at a distance of 5.0 m from the pivot,
as shown in the diagram.

Calculate the moment of the counterweight about the pivot. Give the unit.

moment = .............................................. [3]

(b) The tower crane in the diagram balances horizontally when holding the load W.

Calculate the weight of load W.

weight = .............................................. N [3]

[Total: 6]

22 A man uses a metal bar to remove an iron nail from a piece of wood, as shown in the diagram.
26

(a) (i) The man applies a force of 150 N at a distance of 0.50 m from the pivot.

Calculate the moment of this force about the pivot. Include a unit.

moment = ..................................... [4]

(ii) The force applied by the man produces a turning effect (moment) about the pivot.

Describe another example of using the turning effect of a force.

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................ [1]

(b) The man tries to use the metal bar to remove another nail from the piece of wood. He applies
the same force of 150 N at a distance of 0.50 m from the pivot.

The turning effect produced is not enough to remove this nail from the piece of wood.

Describe how the man can increase the turning effect without increasing the force.

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 6]

23 The diagram shows a fairground ride.

27

People sit inside a cabin suspended between two pylons. The cabin is lifted to the starting position
shown in the diagram.

(a) State the name of the type of energy gained by the cabin as it rises.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) The cabin is released and swings down between the two pylons. The path of the cabin is shown
in the diagram. The cabin has maximum kinetic energy at one point on its path. Draw this point
on the diagram and label this point X.

[1]

(c) A force opposes the motion of the cabin as it falls. State the name of this force.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(d) After a few swings, a brake system stops the cabin (not shown on the diagram).
Use ideas about energy transfer to suggest how the brake system stops the cabin.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [3]

[Total: 6]

24 (a) State Hooke’s Law.

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) For forces up to 120 N, a spring obeys Hooke’s Law.

A force of 120 N causes an extension of 64 mm.

28

(i) On the diagram, draw the force-extension graph for the spring for loads up to 120 N.

[1]

(ii) Calculate the spring constant k of the spring.

k = .......................................................... [2]

(c) A student makes a spring balance using the spring in (b). The maximum reading of this balance
is 150 N.

The student tests his balance with a known weight of 140 N. He observes that the reading of
the balance is not 140 N.

Suggest and explain why the reading is not 140 N.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [2]

[Total: 6]

25 A student has a laptop computer. The computer is powered by a battery.

(a) State the word used to describe the energy stored in the battery.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) The student opens the laptop using a force of 3.0 N, as shown in the diagram.
29

(i) Calculate the moment of the 3.0 N force about the pivot.

moment = ........................................................ N cm [3]

(ii) The student does work as he opens the laptop.

Explain how the principle of conservation of energy applies to this example.

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................ [2]

[Total: 6]

26 The speed-time graph shows a ship starting to move.

30

(a) Describe the motion of the ship during each section of the graph.

A .......................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

B .......................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

C .......................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

D .......................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [4]

(b) Determine the distance travelled by the ship in section B of the graph.

distance = ............................................... m [3]

[Total: 7]

27 A car travels along a straight, horizontal road at a steady speed of 36 m / s. The total resistive force
on the car is 2800 N, as represented on the figure below.

36 m / s

2800 N
resistive driving
force force

(a) The speed of the car is constant at 36 m / s.

What is the value of the driving force?

driving force = ........................... N [1]

(b) Later in the journey, the car’s speed decreases uniformly from 36 m / s to zero in 18 s.
31

(i) On the axes in the figure below, sketch the speed-time graph for the motion of the car
during these 18 s. Mark 36 m / s and 18 s clearly on your graph.

speed
m/s

0
0
time / s
[3]

(ii) Determine the distance travelled by the car in these 18 s.

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

distance = ........................... m [3]

[Total: 7]

28 The figure is the speed-time graph for the motion of a bus along a road.
32

10

9
speed
m/s
8

0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
time / s

(a) Calculate the distance travelled by the bus in the first 40 s.

distance = ........................... m [3]

(b) The distance travelled between 40 s and 80 s is 315 m.

Calculate the average speed of the bus during the whole 80 s.

average speed = ........................... m / s [4]

[Total: 7]
33

29 A skydiver jumps from an aeroplane. She falls freely with her parachute closed; then she opens
her parachute.

Diagram A shows the skydiver falling freely with her parachute closed.

Diagram B shows the skydiver falling with the parachute open.

Diagram A Diagram B

The graph shows the speed-time graph for the skydiver ' s vertical motion, from leaving the aeroplane
to landing on the ground.

60
vertical
speed
m/s
B C
50

40

30

20

10
D E

A
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
time / s
34

Using the information from the graph:

(a) Describe the vertical motion of the skydiver between time = 0 and time = 20 s.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) Determine the maximum vertical speed of the skydiver.

maximum speed = ............................................. m / s [1]

(c) Determine the point, A, B, C, D or E, at which the skydiver opens her parachute.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(d) Determine the distance the skydiver falls between time = 50 s and time = 80 s.

distance = ................................................ m [3]

[Total: 6]

30 The diagram shows two speed–time graphs, A and B, and two distance–time graphs, C and D.

Describe the motion shown by:

35

(a) graph A

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [2]

(b) graph B

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [2]

(c) graph C

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(d) graph D.

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 6]

31 A rocket is launched vertically upwards from the ground. The rocket travels with uniform acceleration
from rest. After 8.0 s, the speed of the rocket is 120 m / s.
36

(a) On the grid, draw the graph for the motion of the rocket in the first 8.0 s. [1]

(b) Use the graph to determine the height of the rocket at 8.0 s.

height = .............................................. [2]

(c) From time = 8.0 s to time = 20.0 s, the rocket rises with increasing speed but with decreasing
acceleration.

From time = 20.0 s to time = 25.0 s, the rocket has a constant speed of less than 200 m / s.

On the grid, draw the graph for this motion. [3]

[Total: 6]