Query and Projection Operators | Dr.

Lekha A

Query Operators

Operators

 Comparison  Logical  Element

 Evaluation  Geospatial  Array

 Bitwise  Projection

Comparison Operators

Name Description

$eq Matches values that are equal to a specified value.

{field: {$eq: value}}

$gt Matches values that are greater than a specified value.

{field: {$gt: value}}

pg. 1
Query and Projection Operators | Dr. Lekha A

$gte Matches values that are greater than or equal to a specified value.

{field: {$gte: value}}

$in Matches any of the values specified in an array.

{ field: { $in: [<value1>, <value2>, ... <valueN> ] } }

$lt Matches values that are less than a specified value.

{field: {$lt: value}}

pg. 2
Query and Projection Operators | Dr. Lekha A

$lte Matches values that are less than or equal to a specified value.
{field: {$lte: value}}

$ne Matches all values that are not equal to a specified value.
{field: {$ne: value}}

$nin Matches none of the values specified in an array.

pg. 3
Query and Projection Operators | Dr. Lekha A

{ field: { $nin: [ <value1>, <value2> ... <valueN> ]} }

Logical Query Operators

Operator Description
$and Joins query clauses with a logical AND returns all documents that match
the conditions of both clauses.

$not Inverts the effect of a query expression and returns documents that do
not match the query expression

$nor Joins query clauses with a logical NOR returns all documents that fail to
match both clauses

pg. 4
Query and Projection Operators | Dr. Lekha A

$or Joins query clauses with a logical OR returns all documents that match
the conditions of either clause

Element query operators

Operator Description
$exists Matches documents that have the specified field

$type Selects documents if a field is of the specified type

pg. 5
Query and Projection Operators | Dr. Lekha A

Evaluation Query Operators

Operator Description
$expr Allows use of aggregation expressions within the query language

$mod Performs a modulo operation on the value of a field and selects

documents with a specified result

Array Query Operators

Operator Description
$all Matches arrays that contain all elements specified in the query.
{ <field>: { $all: [ <value1> , <value2> ... ] } }

pg. 6
Query and Projection Operators | Dr. Lekha A

$elemMatch Selects documents if element in the array field matches all the specified
$elemMatch conditions.
{ <field>: { $elemMatch: { <query1>, <query2>, ... } } }

pg. 7
Query and Projection Operators | Dr. Lekha A

Bitwise query operator

Operator Description
Matches numeric or binary values in which a set of bit positions all
$bitsAllClear
have a value of 0
$bitsAllSet Matches numeric or binary values in which a set of bit positions all
have a value of 1
$bitsAnyClear Matches numeric or binary values in which any bit from a set of bit
positions has a value of 0
Matches numeric or binary values in which any bit from a set of bit
$bitsAnySet
positions has a value of 1

Projection Query Operators

Operator Description
$ The positional $ operator limits the contents of an <array> to return
either:
 The first element that matches the query condition on the
array.

pg. 8
Query and Projection Operators | Dr. Lekha A

 The first element if no query condition is specified for the array

(in MongoDB 4.4)
{ "<array>.$" : value }

It also works on embedded arrays

pg. 9
Query and Projection Operators | Dr. Lekha A

Update Operators

Operator Description
$currentDate Sets the value of a field to current date, either as a Date or a
Timestamp.
{ $currentDate: { <field1>: <typeSpecification1>, ... } }
<typeSpecification> can be either
a boolean true to set the field value to the current date as a Date,
or
document { $type: "timestamp" } or { $type: "date" } which
explicitly specifies the type
The operator is case-sensitive and accepts only the
lowercase "timestamp” or the lowercase "date"

$inc Increments the value of the field by the specified amount.

{ $inc: { <field1>: <amount1>, <field2>: <amount2>, ... } }
The $inc operator accepts positive and negative values.
If the field does not exist, $inc creates the field and sets the field to
the specified value.
Use of the $inc operator on a field with a null value will generate an
error.
$inc is an atomic operation within a single document.

pg. 10
Query and Projection Operators | Dr. Lekha A

$min Only updates the field if the specified value is less than the existing
field value.
{ $min: { <field1>: <value1>, ... } }
If the field does not exists, the $min operator sets the field to the
specified value.
For comparisons between values of different types, such as a
number and a null, $min uses the BSON comparison order.

pg. 11
Query and Projection Operators | Dr. Lekha A

$max Only updates the field if the specified value is greater than the
existing field value.
{ $max: { <field1>: <value1>, ... } }
The $max operator updates the value of the field to a specified
value if the specified value is greater than the current value of the
field.
The $max operator can compare values of different types, using
the BSON comparison order.

$mul Multiplies the value of the field by the specified amount.

{ $mul: { field: <number> } }
If the field does not exist in a document, $mul creates the field and
sets the value to zero of the same numeric type as the multiplier.

pg. 12
Query and Projection Operators | Dr. Lekha A

$set Sets the value of a field in a document.

{ $set: { <field1>: <value1>, ... } }
If the field does not exist, $set will add a new field with the specified
value, provided that the new field does not violate a type constraint.

$setOnInsert Sets the value of a field if an update results in an insert of a

document.
Has no effect on update operations that modify existing documents.
{ $setOnInsert: { <field1>: <value1>, ... } }

pg. 13
Query and Projection Operators | Dr. Lekha A

$unset Removes the specified field from a document.

{ $unset: { <field1>: "", ... } }
If the field does not exist, then $unset does nothing (i.e. no
operation).

$addToSet The $addToSet operator adds a value to an array unless the value
is already present, in which case $addToSet does nothing to that
array.
{ $addToSet: { <field1>: <value1>, ... } }

pg. 14
Query and Projection Operators | Dr. Lekha A

Array Operators

Operator Description
$[] The all positional operator $[] indicates that the update operator
should modify all elements in the specified array field.
{ <update operator>: { "<array>.$[]" : value } }

$[<identifier>] The filtered positional operator $[<identifier>] identifies the array

elements that match the arrayFilters conditions for an update
operation.
{ <update operator>: { "<array>.$[<identifier>]" : value } },
{ arrayFilters: [ { <identifier>: <condition> } } ] }

pg. 15
Query and Projection Operators | Dr. Lekha A

$pop The $pop operator removes the first or last element of an array.
Pass $pop a value of -1 to remove the first element of an array and
1 to remove the last element in an array.
{ $pop: { <field>: <-1 | 1>, ... } }

$push The $push operator appends a specified value to an array.

{ $push: { <field1>: <value1>, ... } }

pg. 16
Query and Projection Operators | Dr. Lekha A

$pull The $pull operator removes from an existing array all instances of a
value or values that match a specified condition.
{ $pull: { <field1>: <value|condition>, <field2>:
<value|condition>, ... } }

$pullAll The $pullAll operator removes all instances of the specified values
from an existing array.
Unlike the $pull operator that removes elements by specifying a
query, $pullAll removes elements that match the listed values.
{ $pullAll: { <field1>: [ <value1>, <value2> ... ], ... } }.

pg. 17
Query and Projection Operators | Dr. Lekha A

Modifiers

Operator Description
$each The $each modifier is available for use with the $addToSet operator
and the $push operator.
Use with the $addToSet operator to add multiple values to an array
<field> if the values do not exist in the <field>.
{ $addToSet: { <field>: { $each: [ <value1>, <value2> ... ] } } }
Use with the $push operator to append multiple values to an array
<field>.
{ $push: { <field>: { $each: [ <value1>, <value2> ... ] } } }

pg. 18
Query and Projection Operators | Dr. Lekha A

$position The $position modifier specifies the location in the array at which
the $push operator inserts elements. Without the $position modifier,
the $push operator inserts elements to the end of the array.
To use the $position modifier, it must appear with the $each
modifier.

$slice The $slice modifier limits the number of array elements during a
$push operation.
To use the $slice modifier, it must appear with the $each modifier.
Can pass an empty array [] to the $each modifier such that only the
$slice modifier has an effect.

$sort The $sort modifier orders the elements of an array during a $push
operation.
To use the $sort modifier, it must appear with the $each modifier.

pg. 19
Query and Projection Operators | Dr. Lekha A

Find Variations

 Returns a limit of documents that satisfy a query.

 db.<collection_name>.find(query,options).limit(<number>)

 Skipping the first set of documents.

 db.<collection_name>.find().skip(<number>)

pg. 20
Query and Projection Operators | Dr. Lekha A

 To skip a few documents and limit the number.

 db.<collection>.find().skip(N).limit(M)

 To display last records.

 db.<collection>.find().skip(db.<collection>.count() – N)

 To display in reverse order

 db.collection.find().sort({ $natural: -1 }).limit(N)

pg. 21
Query and Projection Operators | Dr. Lekha A

 Returns one document that satisfies the specified query criteria on the collection.

 db.<collection_name>.findOne(query, projection)

 If multiple documents satisfy the query, this method returns the first document
according to the natural order which reflects the order of documents on the disk.
 In capped collections, natural order is the same as insertion order.
 If no document satisfies the query, the method returns null.
 Returns a single document without any query.

 db.<collection_name>.findOne()

 Modify and return a single document.

 db.collection.findAndModify({

pg. 22
Query and Projection Operators | Dr. Lekha A

 query: <document>, sort: <document>,

 remove: <boolean>,

 update: <document or aggregation pipeline>

 new: <boolean>, fields: <document>, upsert: <boolean>,

 bypassDocumentValidation: <boolean>,

 writeConcern: <document>, collation: <document>,

 arrayFilters: [ <filterdocument1>, ... ]

 })

pg. 23
Query and Projection Operators | Dr. Lekha A

 Deletes a single document based on the filter and sort criteria, returning the deleted
document.

 db.collection.findOneAndDelete(

 <filter>, {

 projection: <document>, sort: <document>,

 maxTimeMS: <number>, collation: <document> } )

pg. 24
Query and Projection Operators | Dr. Lekha A

 Replaces a single document based on the specified filter.

 db.collection.findOneAndReplace(

 <filter>,

 <replacement>,

 {projection: <document>, sort: <document>,

 maxTimeMS: <number>, upsert: <boolean>,

 returnNewDocument: <boolean>})

pg. 25
Query and Projection Operators | Dr. Lekha A

 Updates a single document based on the filter and sort criteria.

 db.collection.findOneAndUpdate(

 <filter>, <update document or aggregation pipeline>, {

 projection: <document>, sort: <document>,

 maxTimeMS: <number>, upsert: <boolean>,

 returnNewDocument: <boolean>,

 arrayFilters: [ <filterdocument1>, ... ] })

pg. 26
Query and Projection Operators | Dr. Lekha A

Update Variations

 Replace a single document within the collection based on the filter.

 db.<collection_name>.replaceOne(<filter>, <replacement>)

 In a capped collection if a replacement operation changes the document size,

the operation will fail.

pg. 27
Query and Projection Operators | Dr. Lekha A

 Updates a single document within the collection based on the filter.

 db.<collection_name>.updateOne(filter, update, options)

 In a capped collection if a update operation changes the document size, the

operation will fail.

 Updates multiple documents within the collection based on the filter.

 db.<collection_name>.updateMany(filter, update, options)

 In a capped collection if a update operation changes the document size, the

operation will fail.

pg. 28
Query and Projection Operators | Dr. Lekha A

 Removes a single document from a collection.

 db.<collection_name>.deleteOne(filter, options)

 Removes multiple documents from a collection.

 db.<collection_name>.deleteMany(filter, options)

Collection Methods

Distinct

 Finds the distinct values for a specified field across a single collection or view and return
the results in an array.

 db.<collection_name>.distinct(field, query, options)

 Distinct with embedded documents

pg. 29
Query and Projection Operators | Dr. Lekha A

Count

 Returns the count of documents that would match a find() query for the collection or
view.

 db.<collection_name>.count(query, options)

 The db.<collection_name>.count() method does not perform the find() operation

but instead counts and returns the number of results that match a query.
 The options can be
 limit – the maximum number of documents to count

 skip – the number of documents to skip before counting

 hint – an index name hint

 maxTimeMS – the maximum amount of time to allow the query to run

Count Documents

 Returns the count of documents that match the query for a collection or view.

 db.collection.countDocuments(query, options)

pg. 30
Query and Projection Operators | Dr. Lekha A

pg. 31
Copy protected with Online-PDF-No-Copy.com