DANC 1713 Unit 2 Test – Modules 5-8

50 points.
20 pts - Multiple choice
21 pts - Matching
3 pts - Fill in the blank
6 pts - T/F
+3 bonus question points

REVIEW - Modules 5-8

■Review powerpoints and lecture
■FORMAT: MC, T/F, matching, fill in the blank
■ARTISTS TO KNOW - match to the theory/fact most closely associated with their work
–Isadora Duncan, Ruth St. Denis/Ted Shawn, Martha Graham, Doris Humphrey, Mary
Wigman, Loie Fuller
■MATCHING: Innovations for Romantic Era (ballet) vs Innovations for Classical Era
(ballet)
■WORKS TO KNOW (10): match the following productions with the choreographer (I
recommend using flashcards to prep for this)

1. Giselle- Jean Coralli

2. Coppélia- Arthur Saint-Léon
3. Rite of Spring- Vaslav Nijinsky
4. Sleeping Beauty (original choreography)- Marius Petipa
5. Nobody Knows the Trouble I’ve Seen- Ted Shawn
6. Serenade- George Balanchine
7. Cave of the Heart- Martha
8. Graham
9. Witch Dance- mary wigman
10. The Green Table- Kurt Jooss
11. Serpentine Dance- Mary Louise Fuller

■GENERAL:
Week 5: Dance and Politics (King Louis XIV and 18th Cent. Ballet)

• Did 17th century French courtiers take daily dance lessons?, why?

• Noblemen trained in dance schools

• Ballet de Cour (1560-1685) – 16th & 17th century court ballets
• Catherine de Medici – who was she?

The kings wife. Influenced a lot of dance

• Ballet Comique de la Reine (1581) – first ballet commissioned by de Medici

• Louis XIV – the originator of ballet & created 1st ballet school,
• Ballet moves from court to proscenium stage during Louis XIV era
• Academie Royale de Danse (founded in 1661 – only date you need to know) –
first ballet school, open only to men

18th CENTURY BALLET - FRANCE

• Folk dance influences – ballet drew steps from folk dance

• Influence of “dress of the day” costume style, how did it impact movement?
• Marie Camargo – what did she contribute? / shortened skirt
• Marie Salle – what did she contribute? / choreographer and let her hair down
in performance
• Pygmalion (Salle choreographed this work)
• Jean-George Noverre – what did he do?
• Ballet d’ Action: definition / requirements

Week 6: Dance and Innovation (Romantic and Classical Ballet)

Romantic Era (1800-1850’s) - FRANCE

• Themes of Romantic Era shifted to the FANTASTIC

• Romantic Era Innovations: Gas lighting, theatre etiquette, first rising onto tips
of toes
• Romantic ballet:
o Giselle (Jean Coralli & Jules Perrot) – quintessential Romantic Ballet
• Marie Taglioni – first to dance en pointe
• Development of pointe work, why did this happen?
• Leitmotif – what is this? What ballet did we study that uses them?
• Romantic tutu - length short or long?

Classical Era (1870-1909) – RUSSIA

• Arthur St. Leon choreographed what ballet?

• Coppelia (St. Leon) – choreographic bridge between Romantic and Classical
Ballet
• Marius Petipa – primarily responsible for Classical Ballet
• Petipa’s 4 Classical ballet innovations – what are they?
• Classical tutu length - short or long?
• 3 Part formula of the Grand Pas de Deux – 1st: Adagio, 2nd: Variations
(male/female), 3rd: Coda
• Classical Ballets:
o La Bayadere (Marius Petipa)
o Sleeping Beauty (Marius Petipa)
o The Nutcracker (Marius Petipa)
o Swan Lake (Marius Petipa and Lev Ivanov)
• Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky – composer worked with Petipa on Classical Era
ballets

Week 7: Contemporary Ballet (Ballet Russes & Ballet in America)

Contemporary Ballet: Ballets Russes (1909-1929) – PARIS, FRANCE

• Early 20th Century Paris, France

• Sergei Diaghilev – impresario/producer Ballet Russes
• The Ballets Russes dance company – 1909-1929
• “Total Theatre” concept – definition, How did this impact the standard of
ballet?
• Ballet Russes Ballets:
o Sheherazade IMichel Fokine)
o The Afternoon of a Faun (Vaslav Nijinsky)
o The Rite of Spring (Vaslav Nijinsky)
o The Prodigal Son (George Balanchine)
• Two premiere dancers: Anna Pavolva & Vaslav Nijinsky
• The Dying Swan (Michael Fokine) – Pavlova danced this work worldwide.
• Ballet Russes American tour (17 cities): 1916
o Was the tour a financial success? NO
• What was the result of Diaghilev’s death in 1929 – American ballet flourished
due to dancers coming here to build new companies and tour
• England after Ballet Russes closes:
o Two Ballet companies form: Ballet Rambert, Sadler Wells/Royal
Ballet

American Ballet (1933 – present)

• San Francisco Ballet – 1st professional ballet company in America

• School of American Ballet & New York City Ballet created by Balanchine
• George Balanchine in America
o Plot-less ballets
• Igor Stravinsky
o Composer for Contemporary Ballet: Firebird, Rite of Spring,
o Collaborated with Balanchine for over 40 years
• Balanchine Ballets:
o Serenade (George Balanchine)
o Western Symphony (George Balanchine)
• Joffrey Ballet –started with 6 dancers in a station wagon
• Dance Theatre of Harlem – first African-American ballet company founded by
Arthur Mitchell after assassination of MLK
• Virginia Johnson – danced in Creole Giselle
• Regional Ballet Movement (1960s) spread ballet across US – introduction of
recreational dance

Week 8: New Dance & Pioneers (Duncan/Fuller & the Big 4)

New Dance: Modern Dance Forerunners – Chapter 6

• Social change and American life at the turn of the 20th century
• Modern Dance Forerunners:
o Isadora Duncan
§ “Music Visualization”
o Loie Fuller
§ Her contributions, dance theories, and innovations,
Fuller’s works were forerunners of multi-media
producitons
§ Serpentine Dance (Loie Fuller)
o Ruth St.Denis
§ What area of the world was her inspiration? Asia
o Ted Shawn – Nobody Knows the Trouble I’ve Seen
§ Denishawn School (first modern dance school)
§ Denishawn Modern Dance company – toured throughout
US (1915-1931), what did this accomplish?
§ Students of Denishawn School: modern dance “BIG 4”
§ Martha Graham, Doris Humphrey, Charles
Weidman, Jack Cole
§ Mary Wigman
§ German choreographer, German Expressionist
dance,
§ Witch Dance (Mary Wigman)

Modern Dance Pioneers

• The “Big 4:”

1. Doris Humphrey – “Fall and Recovery”, Humphrey work: The
Shakers
2. Charles Weidman - Weidman work: Flickers
3. Martha Graham – “Contraction and release”, single greatest figure in
American modern dance, Choreographic phases: American and
Greek
• Graham works: Lamentation, Appalachian Spring, Cave of the
Heart
4. Hanya Holm - Holm works: Trend, Broadway musicals: My Fair Lady,
Camelot
• Bennington College, Vermont = first college to focus on dance as art form
rather than part of P.E. program
• Kurt Jooss - The Green Table

Pierre Beauchamps
• First director of Academie Royale de Danse
• Created the 5 ballet positions of the feet
– Turned out legs
• His teaching raised technical standard
– Specialized training for Professional dancers,
not royal court amateurs

3 Primary 18th Century Figures

1. Marie Camargo
2. Marie Sallé
3. Jean-George Noverre
Marie Sallé –
§ Rival of Marie Camargo
§ Press stirred up rivalry to sell tickets
§ Most expressive dancer of her time.
§ First notable female choreographer
§ Choreographed Pygmalion
§ Shocked audiences by appearing with hair
down and in a loose, flowing gown.

Petipa is primarily
responsible for the
development of
the Classical Era
of Ballet

Classical Ballet Innovation #3

Created the “Grand Pas de Deux”
FORMULA OF THREE DISTINCT PARTS:
1.Adagio - Male and female dance together
2.Variations - Male and female dance separately.
Male first then female.
3.Coda - Male and female dance together again,
with additional short solos.

Classical Ballet Innovation #4

Elaborate sets and costumes, spectacle

REVIEW: Ballet Innovations

• Romantic Era
1. Gas lighting
2. Theatre etiquette
3. Dancing on the tips of the
toes (first time)
• Classical Era
1. Higher legs/greater use of pointe
work
2. Highlighting the corps de ballet
(new ideas of choreography)
3. Full evening / longer ballets (3
-4 acts)

Important Ballet Russes

Choreographers
• Michel Fokine
• Vaslav Nijinsky
• George Balanchine
• Léonide Massine
• Bronislava Nijinska

Michel Fokine

Created works that heightened the

status of the male dancer