IJSRD - International Journal for Scientific Research & Development| Vol.

3, Issue 05, 2015 | ISSN (online): 2321-0613

Short Circuit Analysis of Six Bus Power System

Ranjeet Kumar Gokulpure1 Preeti Jain2
1
Scholar 2Assistant Professor
1,2
Department of Electrical Engineering
1,2
Jabalpur Engineering College, Jabalpur, 482011, India
Abstract— This paper is approached for the study of Short behaviour of symmetrical faults and also analysed for
circuit for detecting maximum fault current for the limiting the flow of fault currents in the system.
improvement of power system. Paper provides the solution
for the three phase to ground fault in a power system which
consists of six buses, two transformers, two generators and
five transmission line. Six Bus systems are considered for
Short Circuit Analysis. The system could face the damage of
equipments as well as interruption of power supply to
consumers due to the flow of very high current through
transmission line and buses during the faults. So to sort out
such problem these types of faults must be analysed by
Short Circuit Analysis and System Equipments must be
rated in accordance. This paper presents the short circuit
analysis of described power system due to three phase to Fig. 1: Various Types of Faults that occurs in Power System
ground fault in the bus no.5 of the system followed by a
contingency of single line (3- 6)open. In this Contingency II. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION
analysis initially load flow analysis is done to obtain the System consists of six buses, two identical generator units,
power flow in the complete system which is followed by five transmission lines and two transformers. The two
short circuit studies. In this paper short circuit studies done transformers are rated on 100 MVA and 11/110 kV which
on the system gives us the maximum fault current and fault have their primary and secondary windings with star
MVA rating which helps in relay setting, coordination and grounded connection and delta connection respectively. The
setting up the overall protection system. leakage reactance of each of the transformers is 5% of base
Key words: Short Circuit Analysis, Six Bus Power System impedance.
The two identical generators have same of
I. INTRODUCTION ratings100MVA, 11 kV with the direct axis transient
Now a day‟s researchers are taking interest in the field of reactance denoted as X‟d=10%. Five transmission lines are
short circuit analysis of power system [1] for the very high used in the system with each having its own impedance and
voltage levels. The demand of electrical energy is increasing line charging susceptance. Each transmission line is
day by day for customers and commercial. As due to the considered of one km length. The different values of
increase of population we are going for more constructions transmission lines impedances and line charging
of Power Stations, transmission lines [2] and sub-stations susceptances are given in the table below.
which also increases the situations for fault current levels. A. Description of Transmission Lines
Various types of faults[3] occur on power system are shown
Bus –Code Impedance Zpq Line Charging
in fig.1 Where we find the short circuit studies for the
calculation of power handling capacities of switchgears, and p-q Zpq Y‟pq/2
circuit breakers[4][5] in normal operations and faulty 3-4 0.00+j0.15 0
conditions. For relay Coordination this analysis is also used 3-5 0.00+j0.10 0
internally. The transient analysis and short circuit analysis 3-6 0.00+j0.20 0
are performed precisely. Here at first the system is designed 5-6 0.00+j0.15 0
then it is simulated for 3-phase to the ground fault. 4-6 0.00+j0.10 0
The most drastic and severe fault we have faced till Table 1: Description Of Transmission Lines
now 3-phase to ground fault[6][7] and also seen worst
condition for its calculation in circuit breaking ratings [8][9] III. SYSTEM ANALYSIS
and here we have chosen 3-phase to ground fault for study. A. Load Flow
It is always mandatory that the system should be highly
protective because when fault occur very high level current Load flow study [11] in power system parlance is the steady
flows in the system which is also very dangerous for the state solution of the power system network. The main
power system, system equipments and consumer premises. information obtained from the load flow study comprises of
We observe the Symmetrical faults when all the 3-phases of magnitude „|V|’ and phase angle ‟δ‟ of Load bus voltages,
the system are grounded at the same time, which occurs due reactive power „Q‟ and voltage phase angles ‟δ‟ at generator
to the lightning and failure of insulations [10]. Short circuit buses, real power ‟P‟ and reactive power ‟Q‟ flow on
analysis is done for deciding the ratings of protective transmission line together with power at reference bus when
devices so that we can design a protective system which can other variables are specified.
protect our system from getting tripped due to dangerous

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Short Circuit Analysis of Six Bus Power System
(IJSRD/Vol. 3/Issue 05/2015/085)

B. Symmetrical Fault and S.C. Analysis A. Bus Configuration

Symmetrical faults caused due to insulation failure or In this Power System 6-Buses are considered where two
flashover of line through lightning stroke or by accidental buses are of 11kV and another four buses are of 110kV
faulty operation. For S.C. analysis [12] of system each.
symmetrical fault is introduced on bus no.5. When S.C.
B. Transmission Line Configuration
analysis is performed the S.C. current or fault current and
S.C. MVA to be interrupted by the circuit breaker results are Five transmission lines are associated in this power system.
obtained. All the transmission lines have the De-Rated MVA of 100
Fault Current or S.C. current given by:- MVA, Breaker Ratings of 5000 MVA and thermal rating of
100MVA. Out of which the transmission lines between
If = …(1.1) buses 3-4 and 5-6 are identical having positive sequence
3-phase S.C. MVA = √3 × prefault line voltage in kV× S.C. reactance of 0.15pu. Another transmission lines which are
current in kA between buses 3-5 and 4-6 are also identical having positive
sequence reactance of 0.1pu. The transmission lines between
C. Contingency Analysis
the buses 3-6 have the positive sequence reactance of 0.2pu.
A contingency is the loss or failure of a small part in the
power system e.g. a transmission line or an individual C. 2- Winding Transformer Configuration
equipment failure such as a generator or a transformer. This In our system two transformers with same ratings between
is also called an unplanned "outage". Contingency Analysis buses 3-1 and 6-2 are considered. The control bus for
[13] actually provides and prioritizes the impacts on an transformer-1 is bus-1 and for transformer -2 is bus-2. The
electric power system when problems occur. The most ratings of transformers are − De-Rated MVA is 100MVA,
fundamental approximate load flow model for contingency From Breaker Rating is 5000MVA, To Breaker Rating is
analysis is NR model given below:- 350MVA, Nominal Tap Position is 5, MVA Rating is
100MVA, Primary Voltage is 110kV, Secondary Voltage is
[ ] [] [ ] ...(1.2)
11kV, Minimum Tap No is 1, Maximum Tap No is 9
Where ∆P is given by;- Minimum Tap Voltage is 104.5kV, Maximum Tap Voltage
[ ] [ ] [ ] ...(1.3) is115.5 kV, Positive sequence impedance is 0.05pu, Positive
sequence X-R ratio is 20, primary winding configuration is
IV. SYSTEM DESIGN star grounded and secondary winding configuration is delta.

In designing of Power System it is required to configure D. Generator Configuration

each of its components for the analysis. For the power In this system two identical generators on bus no 1 and 2 are
system the base ratings of voltage and power is 110 kV and used which have the ratings are as – De-Rated MVA is 100
100 MVA. The configurations of Buses, Transmission lines, MVA, Specified Voltage is 11kV Scheduled power is 80
two winding Transformers and Generators are given below. MW, Reactive Power Minimum is 0 and Reactive Power
Maximum is 60MVAr, Direct axis Transient Reactance is
0.1pu and Breaker Ratings is 350 MVA.

Fig. 2: Design of 6-Bus Test system.

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Short Circuit Analysis of Six Bus Power System
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no.5 and the voltage of bus no 5 reaches approximately to

V. RESULT OF SHORT CIRCUIT zero value, which is very dangerous in the system. The
Short Circuit study is done for above designed power results obtained by short circuit analysis is as follows:
system, at the bus no5 which has the fault of 3-phase to
A. Outputs of Load Flow for Normal Operation
ground (i.e. symmetrical fault ). This fault in the system
causes very high values of current which flows from the bus
BUS VOLTAGES & POWERS
V-MAG ANGLE MVAR
NODE NO. FROM bus MW GEN
P.U. DEGREE GEN
1 Bus1 1.0000 0.00 -79.679 7.923
2 Bus2 1.0000 8.12 80.000 3.413
3 Bus3 0.9988 2.29 0.000 0.000
4 Bus4 0.9973 4.41 0.000 0.000
5 Bus5 0.9977 3.71 0.000 0.000
6 Bus6 0.9971 5.83 0.000 0.000
MW LOAD ,MVAR LOAD AND MVAR COPM VALUES ARE 0.000
NO. OF BUSES EXCEEDING MINIMUM VOLTAGE LIMIT 0
NO. OF BUSES EXCEEDING MAXIMUM VOLTAGE LIMIT 0
NO. OF GENERATORS EXCEEDING MINIMUM Q LIMIT 0
NO. OF GENERATORS EXCEEDING MAXIMUM Q LIMIT 0
TRANSFORMER FLOWS AND TRANSFORMER LOSSES
FROM TO FORWARD LOSSES
S.N
NODE NAME NODE NAME MW MVAR MW MVAR
1 3 Bus3 1 Bus 1 79.839 -4.721 0.1601 3.2018
2 6 Bus6 2 Bus2 -79.840 -0.211 0.1601 3.2018
%LOADING IS 80% FOR BOTH THE ABOVE TRANSFORMERS
LINE FLOWS AND LINE LOSSES
3 3 Bus3 4 Bus4 -24.566 1.453 0.00 0.9105
4 3 Bus3 5 Bus5 -24.566 1.453 0.00 0.6070
5 3 Bus3 6 Bus6 -30.707 1.816 0.00 1.8969
6 4 Bus4 6 Bus6 -24.566 0.542 0.00 0.6070
7 5 Bus5 6 Bus6 -24.566 0.846 0.00 0.9105
% LOADING FOR S.NO 3,4,6 AND 7 IS 24.6% AND FOR S.NO 5 IS 30.8%
B. Results of Short Circuit Analysis
FAULT AT BUS NUMBER 5: NAME Bus5
CURRENT(AMPS/DEGREE) FAULT MVA
SEQUENCE PHASE
SEQUENCE(1,2,0) PHASE(A,B,C)
(1,2,0) (A,B,C)
MAG ANGLE MAG ANGLE MAG MAG
3871 -89.47 3871 -89.47 738 738
0 -90.00 3871 150.53 0 738
0 -90.00 3871 30.53 0 738
R/X RATIO OF THE SHORT CIRCUIT PATH : 0.0092
PEAK ASYMMETRICAL SHORT-CIRCUIT CURRENT : 10840 AMPS
PASCC = k x sqrt(2) x If , k = 1.9801
POST FAULT BUS VOLTAGES
SEQUENCE PHASE
LINE-LINE MAG
NUMBER NAME (1,2,0) (A,B,C)
kV
MAG ANGLE MAG ANGLE
3.913 -0.35 3.913 -0.35 6.778
1 Bus1 0.000 -90.00 3.913 -120.35 6.778
0.000 -90.00 3.913 -119.65 6.778
4.105 -0.27 4.105 -0.27 7.109
2 Bus2 0.000 -90.0 4.105 -120.27 7.109
0.000 -90.0 4.105 119.73 7.109
26.957 0.54 26.957 0.54 46.691
3 Bus3 0.000 -90.00 26.957 -119.46 46.691
0.000 -90.00 26.957 120.54 46.691
28.667 0.52 28.667 0.52 46.691
4 Bus4
0.000 -90.00 28.667 -119.48 46.691

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Short Circuit Analysis of Six Bus Power System
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0.000 -90.00 28.667 120.52 46.691

0.000 -90.00 0.000 -90.00 0.000
5 Bus5 0.000 -90.00 0.000 150.00 0.000
0.000 -90.00 0.000 30.00 0.000
29.824 0.52 29.824 0.52 51.657
6 Bus6 0.000 -90.00 29.824 -119.48 51.657
0.000 -90.00 29.824 120.52 51.657
3 phase fault level
BUS kV 3PH-f Fault I
Bus No. Name
NOMINAL MVA kA
1 Bus1 11.000 0.6 0.032
2 Bus2 11.000 0.6 0.034
3 Bus3 110.000 0.4 0.002
4 Bus4 110.000 0.5 0.002
5 Bus5 110.000 737.5 3.871
6 Bus6 110.000 0.5 0.002
C. Result Data for Load Flow after Contingency
TRANSFORMER FLOWS AND TRANSFORMER LOSSES
FROM TO FORWARD LOSSES
S.N
NODE NAME NODE NAME MW MVAR MW MVAR
1 3 Bus3 1 Bus 1 79.838 -5.791 0.1605 3.2107
2 6 Bus6 2 Bus2 -79.839 -2.245 0.1605 3.2109
%LOADING IS 80% FOR BOTH THE ABOVE TRANSFORMERS
LINE FLOWS AND LINE LOSSES
3 3 Bus3 4 Bus4 -39.918 2.896 0.00 2.4109
4 3 Bus3 5 Bus5 -39.918 2.896 0.00 1.6073
5 3 Bus3 6 Bus6 LINE IS OPEN
6 4 Bus4 6 Bus6 -39.917 0.485 0.00 1.6072
7 5 Bus5 6 Bus6 -39.917 1.288 0.00 2.4108
% LOADING FOR S.NO 3,4,6 AND 7 IS 40.1% AND FOR S.NO 5 IS OPEN
D. Results of Short Circuit Analysis with Contingency
FAULT AT BUS NUMBER 3: NAME Bus3
CURRENT(AMPS/DEGREE) FAULT MVA
SEQUENCE PHASE
SEQUENCE(1,2,0) PHASE(A,B,C)
(1,2,0) (A,B,C)
MAG ANGLE MAG ANGLE MAG MAG
112 -173.40 0 -3.58 21 0
77 -6.59 172 78.65 15 33
35 -6.62 172 -65.45 7 33
R/X RATIO OF THE SHORT CIRCUIT PATH : 0.0092
PEAK ASYMMETRICAL SHORT-CIRCUIT CURRENT : 10840 AMPS
PASCC = k x sqrt(2) x If , k = 1.9801

Fig. 3: Plot Variation of Instantaneous Fault Currents.

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Short Circuit Analysis of Six Bus Power System
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Fig. 4: Complete Plot of Variation in Fault Current

Above report shows the faulted bus, fault current , fault The graph below shows variation of the AC current, DC
MVA , impedance seen by the relay in per unit and fault current, the combination of AC-DC currents in Amps. Due
contribution by each of the transmission line for 3-phase to to the asymmetrical fault on bus no 5 of the power system.
ground fault on bus no 5. of the prescibed power The Diagram below shows the power flows after
system.This report gives the peaks assymetrical short circuit the short circuit analysis of of the power system for 3-phase
current is 10840 Amps and magnitude of fault MVA is 738. to ground fault on bus no.5 of the system.

Fig. 4: Power flows after short circuit analysis

no.3).This causes a contingency in the power system with a
VI. CONTINGENCY ANALYSIS FOR THE SYSTEM fault of single line open type. Now to establish the initial
After solving the short circuit analysis for considered power condition, execution of load flow analysis performed on the
system, the contingency [9][10] is introduced on one of the system. After the load flow analysis [11][12][13][14] the
transmission lines of the system. The transmission line line is closed and overwritten with same contingency. For
which is in between Bus no 3 and the bus no.6 is open the contingency analysis, short circuit analysis is done. For
circuited at a distance of 40% of the start bus (i.e. bus the system which handles the single phase open fault for

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Short Circuit Analysis of Six Bus Power System
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transmission line 3 to 6. The report for this contingency 2320-3331, Volume 9, Issue 2 Ver. III (Mar – Apr.
analysis is shown in the report no 2. 2014), PP 89-100 www.iosrjournals.org.
[12] Debniloy De, Shivanjali A. Mishra, Aditya Kar and
VII. CONCLUSION Sheila Mahapatra, Short Circuit Analysis of a Power
This paper presents the simulation of 110 kV Power System Grid using MiPower Software EECE, ITM University,
by using the Mi-Power software which analysed the 3-phase Gurgaon, Haryana, INDIA.
to Ground Fault (Symmetrical faults) for calculating the [13] M.J.S.Ramos, D.P.Bernardon, Memeber, IEEE,
switchgears ratings and protection of gear settings. In this L.Comassetto, MResener, Member, Ieee, and E.B.Daza.
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fault current of 3862A and fault MVA of 736 is found. Distribution Systems..Journal of IEEE
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design the new system of protection and switch gears. The Short Circuit on A Simple Power System Network The
protection system so designed is more efficient and will Characteristic Currents Method journal of IEEE
provide robustness, reliability and durability to the system [15] Krishnaswamy Srinivasan, Senior Member, IEEE,
Claude Lafond, Member, IEEE, and Roger Jutras,
Short-Circuit Current Estimation from Measurements of
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