REVIEWER MAPEH 9 Q2

MUSIC
MUSIC OF THE CLASSICAL PERIOD

Classical Era
- also known as Age of Reason.
- Formal, elegant, simple, freed, and dignified are its characteristics.
- Harmony and texture are HOMOPHONIC in general.

Composers of the Classical Period

Franz Joseph Hadyn
- Father of Symphony

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

- a child prodigy and the most amazing genius in musical history.
- He created more than 700 compositions
- He composed The Marriage of Figaro, Don Giovanni, and The Magic Flute.

Ludwig Van Beethoven

- He was the composer who bridged the late Classical era and
the early Romantic era.
- His works include Symphony No. 3 (Eroica), No. 5, No. 9 (Choral), Moonlight Sonata and For Elise.

Vocal and Instrumental Music

Sonata - a multi-movement work for solo instrument.
Concerto - is a multi-movement work designed for an instrumental soloist and orchestra.
Symphony - A multi-movement work for orchestra.

1st Movement: Allegro - fast movement

2nd movement: Andante - slow movement
3rd movement: Minuet - moderate or fast tempo

Sonata Allegro Form

- The most important musical structure that was developed during the classical era consists of three distinct sections
Exposition - the first part of a composition in sonata form that introduces the theme.
Development - the middle part of the sonata-allegro form where themes are being developed
Recapitulation - repeats the theme as it first emerged in the opening exposition.

Classical Opera
- Opera is an art form that musicians and singers perform a dramatic theatrical setting
The Opera Seria (serious opera) - This usually implies heroic or tragic drama that employs mythological characters.
The Opera Buffa (comic opera) - Comic opera made use of everyday characters and situations, and typically employed
spoken dialogues, lengthy arias and was spiced with sight gags, naughty humor and social satire.
ARTS
RENAISSANCE PERIOD
- The word renaissance comes from the word,“renaitre”, which means rebirth.

Artist of the Renaissance Period

Michaelangelo
- he was an Italian sculptor, painter, architect, and poet.
- He was considered the greatest living artist in his lifetime, and one of the greatest artists of all time.
- His well-known works were: Pieta, Moses, Genesis on the ceiling and the Las Judgment on the altar wall of the Sistine
Chapel in Rome.

Leonardo da Vinci
- he is known as the ultimate Renaissance Man.
- His well-known works were: The Last Supper and Mona Lisa

Raphael
- His work was admired for its clarity of form and ease and incorporating Christian doctrines.
- His famous works were: The Sistine Madonna, The School of Athens, and The Transfiguration.

Donatello
- His works included the following statues and relief: David, Statue of St. George, and Equestrian Monument of
Gattamelata.

BAROQUE PERIOD
- derived from the Portuguese word “barocco” which means “irregularly shaped pearl or stone.”
- the period that utilizes a lot of ornamentation and uses exaggerated motion and contrast that leads to a dramatic effect

Artist of the Baroque Period

Caravaggio
- his famous paintings were Conversion of St. Paul, and Entombment of Christ.
- his own actions and the lack of modesty and reverence for religious subjects in his own paintings made him an outcast in
his society

Bernini
- He was the greatest Baroque sculptor and architect.
- Ecstasy of St. Teresa was his greatest achievement.

Rubens
- A Flemish painter that was well known for his paintings of mythical and figurativesubjects, landscapes,
portraits, and Counter-Reformation altarpieces.
- Samson and Delilah, Landscape with a Tower, Portrait of Helene Fourment, and The Three Graces are his famous works

Rembrandt
- a brilliant Dutch realist, painter, and etcher
- in European art, he was considered as one of the greatest painters and printmakers
- His well-known work “Self-portrait in Old Age”.

Velasquez
- one of the finest Master of Composition and one of the most important painters of the Spanish Golden Age
- His famous works were: The Surrender of Breda, Las Meninas (The maids of honor), Los Barachos (The Drinker), and
Maria Theresa
PHYSICAL EDUCATION

Nature and Background of Social Dances and Dance Mixers

- Social dances and dance mixers are primarily intended to get to know other people.
- They are also called ballroom dances.
- Ballroom dances are usually performed in pair: male and female. Sometimes, it is performed by group.
- Ballroom dances are classified into two major classification

Classification of Ballroom Dance

Latin American Dance

- It is revealing, tight-fitting, sexy and sophisticated in nature.
- The movement shows rhythmic expression, sensual, and spicy style.

Cha-cha-cha - It is a lively, fun, cheeky and playful dance. From Cuba

Rumba - It is recognized for the subtle side to side hip movements with the erect torso. From Cuba
Samba - It is known to the simple forward and backward steps and tilting, and rocking body movements. From Brazil
Paso Doble - It is an energetic dance modeled after the drama of the Spanish bullfight. From Spain
Jive/Boogie - It is described as very happy, boppy, lively dance, with many of knee-lifting, bending, and rocking of the
hips. From USA
Swing It - is known as an energetic style of dancing in which a USA dancer often lifts, spins and flips his or her partner.
Merengue - It is described as a fun, fast and easy dance made up of simple steps. It is composed of a non-progressive
dance, but can also travel counter-clockwise around the floor. From Dominican Republic
Salsa - It is a combination of many Latin and Afro-Caribbean dances whose movements was caming from in the Cuban
Son, Cha-Cha-Cha, Mambo and other dance forms. From Cuba
Mambo - It is recognized as a fast and spicy dance. The Cuban motion, staccato movement and expression of rhythm
through the body is noticeable. From Cuba

Modern Standard Dances

- The performers wear ankle-length gowns for females and coat-and-tie for males.
- Most of the time, they perform close ballroom position. However, if it is dancesport, it is strict to do close ballroom
position.

Slow Waltz - It is a smooth dance that travels around the dance floor. It is easy to recognize slow waltz because of the
“rise and fall” action. From Austria
Tango - It is described as vibrant and playful dance between two people. It is very rich in expression, improvisation and
connection. From Argentina
Viennese Waltz - It is known for its noticeable gracefulness and constant, wide-sweeping turns along with its fast tempo.
From Vienna
Foxtrot - It is a beautiful, romantic dance, that consists of fairly simple walking steps and side step. From USA
Quickstep - The dance is suited for both formal and informal events because of the upbeat melodies that Quickstep is
danced. The dance steps can be described as fast, powerfully flowing, sprinkled with syncopation. From USA
HEALTH

PREVENTION OF SUBSTANCE USE AND ABUSE

Drugs - any substances which when taken into the body through nasal, oral, transdermal, or
intravenous way have an effect to a person.

Drugs of Abuse - are drugs commonly abused by users.

Drud Dependence - the use of a drug takes on a high priority thereby creating a strong desire to take the substance.

Drug Misuse - is the use of a substance incoherent or inconsistent with the prescribed dosage or frequency of use.

Drug Abuse - is the use of a substance for non-medicinal purposes.

Drug Tolerance - is the condition of the body to adapt to the effects of substances to the body thus, requiring an even
larger amount of the substance.

Gateway Drugs
- Gateway drugs such as cigarettes and alcohol are legal drugs that a non-drug user might try. In the
Philippines, people below 18 years of age are not allowed to buy and use gateway drugs.

Classification of Drugs of Abuse

Gateway drugs - Gateway drugs are legal drugs that anybody can buy and try, which may lead them to use more
dangerous drugs such as marijuana and shabu. Mostly, teenagers who are involved in early smoking and early drinking
have a higher chance of using and experimenting with dangerous drugs of abuse. An example of these are cigarettes and
alcohol.

Depressant drugs - Depressant drugs slow down a person’s central nervous system (CNS). The Central nervous system
includes the brain, spinal cord, and nerves. Individuals who experience anger, stress, or tense are commonly prescribed
with depressant drugs by the doctors to lessen their extreme emotions. Depressant drugs can also make patients feel light-
headed and sleepy. Depressant drugs include alcohol, barbiturates, and tranquilizers.

Stimulant drugs - Stimulant drugs speed up a person's central nervous system. Stimulant drugs have the opposite effect
of depressants. Stimulants make a person’s energy high. Negative effects of stimulants include depression and tiredness.
Stimulants include amphetamines which include shabu, caffeine, nicotine, and cocaine.

Narcotics - Narcotics are drugs that relieve pain and induce sleepiness. These drugs in medicine are administered in
moderation to patients with mental disorders and those in severe pain like cancer. This kind of drug is illicit and dangerous
if taken. Narcotic drugs include cocaine, heroin, and marijuana.

Hallucinogens
- Hallucinogens are drugs that distort reality and facts. It affects all senses and makes a user see, hear, and feel things that
do not exist in the time being. The name hallucinogen came from the word hallucination which is to perceive illusions.
Hallucinogens include lysergic acid diethylamide, psilocybin obtained from mushrooms, and mescaline.

Inhalants - Inhalants are found in ordinary household chemical products and anesthetics. Inhalant intoxication is like the
signs and symptoms of alcohol intoxication. One difference is the foul smell of chemicals sniffed, inhaled, or huffed by
the user. Delusions, brain damage, liver damage, coma, and even death are the effects of continuous use and abuse of
Inhalants. Examples of household products used as inhalants are acetone, rugby or solvent, ordinary and spray paint,
cleaning fluids and air conditioner fluid (Freon).