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Math 132 Tutorial 1

The document contains additional problems for an Applied Mathematics course, focusing on systems of linear equations and their solutions. It includes various types of problems, such as finding general solutions, conditions for consistency, and unique solutions based on parameters. Specific answers are provided for each problem, along with explanations of concepts like underdetermined and overdetermined systems.

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41 views2 pages

Math 132 Tutorial 1

The document contains additional problems for an Applied Mathematics course, focusing on systems of linear equations and their solutions. It includes various types of problems, such as finding general solutions, conditions for consistency, and unique solutions based on parameters. Specific answers are provided for each problem, along with explanations of concepts like underdetermined and overdetermined systems.

Uploaded by

dumaawande376
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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APPLIED MATHEMATICS 1A (MATH132)

ADDITIONAL PROBLEMS 1 (2023)

1. Suppose that the augmented matrix for a system of linear equations has been reduced to
the following matrix  
−1 5 1 −2 −6 −4
 0 0 2 3 8 7 .
0 0 0 1 2 5
Find the general solution of the linear system. (Ans: x1 = −10 + 5x2 − 3x5 , x2 is free,
x3 = −4 − x5 , x4 = 5 − 2x5 , x5 is free)

2. Find all values of a for which the linear system

x1 + 2x2 + x3 = 3
2x1 + 3x2 + 3x3 = 4
3x1 + 3x2 + (a2 − 3)x3 = a

has (a) no solution, (b) a unique solution and (c) infinitely many solutions.
(Ans: (a) a = −3, (b) a ̸= ±3, (c) a = 3)

3. (a) Consider the linear system

ax1 − x2 + cx3 = 5
3x1 + bx2 + ax3 = 10
bx1 − 3x2 − cx3 = −10 .

Find the numbers a, b and c if the system has the unique solution (x1 , x2 , x3 ) =
(1, 2, 3). (Ans: a = 1, b = 2, c = 2)
(b) Do the three planes 2x2 − 2x3 = 1, x1 + 2x2 − x3 = −3 and x1 − x2 + 2x3 = 3 have
at least one common point of intersection? Explain.

4. Show that if ad − bc ̸= 0, then the system

ax1 + bx2 = r
cx1 + dx2 = s

has a unique solution.

5. Consider the system

4x1 + 7x2 + 8x3 = α


5x1 + 8x2 + 13x3 = β
3x1 + 5x2 + 7x3 = γ .

What condition must α, β and γ satisfy for the system to be consistent? (Ans: α +
β − 3γ = 0)
6. Consider the following nonlinear system
√
2xy + 9 y − 7xz = 34
√
xy + 3 y − 2xz = 11
√
5xy + 2 y − xz = 16 .

Use suitable substitutions (i.e. change of variables) to convert the system into a linear
system. Solve the resulting linear system by completely reducing its augmented matrix.
Hence obtain the solution to the above system. (Ans: x = 4, y = 9/16, z = −13/16)

7. (a) A system of linear equations with fewer equations than unknowns is called an un-
derdetermined system.
(i) Suppose that such a system is consistent. Explain why it must have an infinite
number of solutions.
(ii) Find the value(s) of k for which the underdetermined system

3x1 − 2x2 + 4x3 = 12


−9x1 + 6x2 − 12x3 = k

is inconsistent. (Ans: k ̸= −36)


(b) A system of linear equations with more equations than unknowns is called an
overdetermined system. Show that the following overdetermined system is consis-
tent.

x1 − 2x2 = 3
3x1 − x2 = 14
x1 − 7x2 = −2

8. A system of linear equations is called homogeneous if the right hand side of each equa-
tion is zero. Such a system always has at least one solution, i.e. x1 = x2 = · · · = xn = 0.
This is called the trivial solution. All other solutions are called nontrivial solutions.
For what values of α do the following homogeneous systems have nontrivial solutions?
3x1 + x2 − αx3 = 0
(α − 5)x1 + 16x2 = 0
(a) (b) 2x1 + 4x2 + αx3 = 0
x1 + (α − 5)x2 = 0
8x1 − 4x2 − 9x3 = 0
(Ans: (a) α = 1 or α = 9, (b) α = 3/2)

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