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CSIR-NET-JRF/GATE/TIFR/JEST
MATHEMATICAL PHYSIC
ASSIGNMENT - 2 NUMERICAL ANALYSIS
1. The equation x 3  x 2  4 x  4  0 is to be solved 5. Equation xe x  1  0 is required to be solved us-
using the Newton-Raphson’s methof If x = 2 is ing Newton-Raphson’s method with an initial guess
taken as the initial approximation of the solution, x0  1 . Then, after one step of Newton-
then the next approximation using this method will
Raphson’s method, estimate x1 of the solution will
be
be given by
2 4 (a) 0.71828 (b) 0.36784
(a) (b)
3 3 (b) 0.20587 (d) 0.00000
3 6. Let x 2  117  0 . The iterative steps for the solu-
(c) 1 (d)
2 tion using Newton-Raphson’s method is given by
2. A numerical solution of the equation
1 117 
f  x   x  x  3  0 can be obtained using (a) xk 1  2  xk  x 
 k 
Newton-Raphson’s method. If the starting value
is x = 2 for the iteration, the value of x that is to be 117
used in the next step is (b) xk 1  xk  x
k
(a) 0.306 (b) 0.739
(c) 1.694 (d) 2.306 xk
(c) xk 1  xk 
3. The recursion relation to solve x  e  x using New- 117
ton-Raphson’s method is 1 117 
(a) xn1  e  xn (d) xk 1  xk  2  xk  x 
 k 

(b) xn1  xn xexn 7. When the Newton-Raphson’s method is applied

to solve the equation
e  xn
(c) xn1  1  xn  f  x   x3  2 x  1  0 ,
1  e  xn
The solution at the end of the iteration with the
xn2  e  xn 1  xn   1
x
(d) n1  initial guess as x0  1.2 is
xn  e  xn
(a) –0.82 (b) 0.49
4. The Newton-Raphson method is used to solve the
(c) 0.705 (d) 1.69
equation f  x   x3  5 x 2  6 x  8  0 , Taking
8. The function f  x   e x  1 is to be solved using
the initial guess as x0  5 the solution obtained at Newton-Raphson’s method. If the initial value of
the end of the first iteration is . x0 is taken 1.0, then the absolute at 2nd iteration is.
(a) 4.2903 (b) 4.2999 (a) 1.657 (b) 1.669
(c) 4.2973 (d) 4.3045 (c) 1.795 (d) 1.895

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1 N2 
9. We wish to solve x  2  0 be Newton-Raphson
2 x  x 
(c) i1 2  i x 
 i 
technique. Let the initial guess be x0 = 1.0. Sub-
sequent estimated x1 will be 1 N
(a) 1.414 (b) 1.5 (d) xi 1  2  xi  x 
 i 
(c) 2.0 (d) 3.0 15. Newton-Raphson method is to be used to find
10. The value of the function f(x) are tabulated below root of equation
x 0 1 2 3 3 x  e x  sin x  0 .
f  x  1 2 1 10 If the initial trial value for the root is taken as 0.333,
Using Newton’s forward difference formula, the the next approximation for the root would be.
cubic polynomial that can be fitted to the above (a) 0.36 (b) 0.45
data is (c) 0.64 (d) 0.32
(a) 2 x 3  7 x 2  6 x  2 16. The quadratic equation 2 x 2  3 x  3  0 is to be
(b) 2 x 3  7 x 2  6 x  2 solved numerically starting with an initial guess as
x0 = 2. The new estimate of x after the first itera-
(c) x 3  7 x 2  6 x 2
tion using Newton-Raphson method is .
(d) 2 x 3  7 x 2  6 x  1 (a) 1 (b) 1.5
11. Starting from x0 = 1, one step of Newton- (c) 2 (d) 2.5
Raphson’s method in solving the equation 17. In Newton-Raphson iterative method, the initial
x 3  3 x  7  0 gives the next (x1) as guess  xini  is considered as zero while finding the
(a) x1 = 0.5 (b) x1 = 1.406 roots of the equation,
(c) x1 = 1.5 (d) x1 = 2
12. Solve the equation x = 10cos(x) using the New- f  x   2  6 x  4 x 2  0.5 x3

 The correction, x to be added to xini the first

ton-Raphson method. The initial guess is x  .
4 iteration is .
The value of the predicted root after the first itera- (a) 0.33 (b) 0.43
tion, up to second decimal, is . (c) 0.56 (d) 0.37
(a) 1.56 (b) 1.64 18. The solution of the non-linear equation
(c) 1.46 (d) 1.94 x 3  x  0 is to be obtained using Newton-
13. The root of the function f  x   x3  x  1obtained Raphson method. If the initial guess is x = 0.5, the
method converges to which one of the following
after first iteration on application of Newton-
values
Raphson scheme using an initial guess of x0 = 1 is
(a) –1 (b) 0
(a) 0.682 (b) 0.686
(c) 1 (d0 2
(c) 0.750 (d) 1.000
19. The Newton-Raphson method is used to find the
14. The square root a number N is to be obtained by
roots of the equation
applying the Newton-Raphson’s iteration the equa-
tion x 2  N  0 . If i denotes the iteration index, f  x   x  cos x; 0  x  1
the correct iterative method will be If the initial guess for the root is 0.5, then the value
of x after the first iteration is
1 N (a) 1.02 (b) 0.62
(a) xi 1  2  xi  x 
 i  (c) 0.55 (d) 0.38
20. A root of the equation x 4  3 x  1  0 needs to be
1 2 N 
(b) xi 1  2  xi  x 2  found using the Newton-Raphson method. If the
 i 
initial guess x0, is taken as 0, then the new esti-

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mate x1 after the first iteration is 26. A calculator has accuracy up to 8 digits after deci-
1 1 2
(a) (b)  mal place. The value of  sin xdx when evaluated
3 3
0
(c) 3 (d) –3
using this calculator by Trapezoidal method with 8
21. Consider a differential equation
equal intervals to 5 significant digits is
dy  x  (a) 0.00000 (b) 1.0000
 y  x  x
dx (c) 0.00500 (d) 0.00025
27. Using the Trapezoidal rule and dividing the inter-
with the initial condition y(0) = 0. Using Euler’s val of integration into three equal sub-intervals,
first order method with a step size of 0.1, the value 1

of y(0.3) is the define integral  x dx is .

(a) 0.01 (b) 0.31 1
(a) 1.1 (b) 1.5
(c) 0.0631 (d) 0.1
(c) 1.9 (d) 1.2
22. The ordinary differential equation
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dx
 3 x  2 with x(0) = 1 is to be solved using
28. The value of  ln  x  dx calculated using th Trap-
2.5
dt ezoidal rule with five sub-interval is .
the forward Euler method. The largest time step (a) 1.7532 (b) 1.7999
that can be used to solve the equation without mak- (c) 1.7785 (d) 1.7766
ing the numerical unstable is . 3
1
(a) 0.33 (b) 0.66 29. The define integral  dx is evaluated using Trap-
(c) 1.00 (d) 0.99 1 x

23. An explicit forward Euler method is used to nu- ezoidal rule with a step size of 1. The correct an-
merically integrate the differential equation swer .
dy (a) 1.16 (b) 1.20
 y using time step of 0.1. With initial condi- (c) 1.22 (d) 1.30
dt
30. Using a unit step size, the value of integral
tion y(0) =1, the value of y(1) computd by this 2

method is  x ln xdx by Trapezoidal rule is .

(a) 2.59 (b) 2.65 1

(c) 2.39 (d) 2.49 (a) 0.54 (b) 0.51

(c) 0.48 (d) 0.59
dy
24. The differential equation  0.25 y 2 is to be 31. Numerical integration using Trapezoidal rule gives
dx the best result for a single variable function, which
solved using the backward (implicit) Euler’s is
method with the boundary condition y = 1 at (a) Linear (b) Parabolic
x = 0 and with a step size of 1. What would be the (c) Logarithmic (d) Hyperbolic
value of y at x = 1? 32. The error in numerically computing the integral
n
(a) 1.33 (b) 1.67
(c) 2.00 (d) 2.33   sin x  cos x  using the Trapezoidal rule with
0
25. Consider the following differential equation three intervals of equal length between 0 and  is
(a) 0.186 (b) 0.196
dy
 x  ln  y  ; y = 2 at x = 0 (c) 0.174 (d) 0.166
dx
33. Using the Trapezoidal rule and 4 equal intervals
The solution of this equation at x = 0.4 using Euler (n = 4), the calculated value of the integral
method with a step size of h = 0.2 is

(a) 2.33 (b) 2.66 (rounded to the first place of decimal)  sin d  is
(c) 2.41 (d) 2.45 0

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(a) 1.7 (b) 1.9 0.8

  0.2  25 x  200 x  67 x 3  900 x 4  400 x 5  dx

2
(c) 2.0 (d) 2.1
34. The order of error in Simpson’s rule for numerical 0

integration with a step size h is (a) 1.367 (b) 1.473

(a) h (b) h2 (C) 1.333 (d) 1.361
(c) h3 (d) h4 0.5

e
3  x3
1 41. The value of the integral dx evaluated by
35. The integral  dx , when evaluated by using
1 x
0.1

1 Simpson’s rule suing 4 sub-intervals (up to 3 dig-

Simpson’s rule on two equal sub-intervals each its after the decimal point) is .
3
of length 1, equals (a) 0.384 (b) 0.332
(a) 1.000 (b) 1.098 (c) 0.389 (d) 0.367
(c) 1.111 (d) 1.120 42. Values of f(x) in the interval [0, 4] are given be-
36. Consider an ordinary differntial equation low.
dx x 0 1 2 3 4
 4t  4 . If x = x0 at t = 0, the increment in x
dt f  x  3 10 21 36 55
is calculated using Runge-Kutta fourth order multi
step method with a step size of h = 0.2 is Using Simpson’s 1/3 rule with a step size of 1, the
(a) 0.22 (b) 0.44 4

(c) 0.66 (d) 0.88 numerical approximation of  f  x  is .

0
1 (a) 94.47 (b) 94.96
37. Simpson’s rule is used to integrate the function
3 (c) 93.33 (d) 92.46
4
3 9
f  x   x 2  between x = 0 and x = 1 using 43. What is the value of the integral  1  x 2 dx using
5 5 1

the least number of equal sub-intervals. The value 1

Trapezoidal rule (step size h  )
of the integral is . 2
(a) 2 (b) 3 (a) 4.141 (b) 8.145
(c) 4 (d) 2.5 (c) 8.142 (d) 8.143
1.5
dx 2
38. The estimate of 0.5 x obtained using Simpson’ss 44. The value of the integral x
3
 1 dx using
1
rule with three-point function evaluation exceeds
the exact value by 3  1
(a) 0.235 (b) 0.068 Simpson’s rule is  h  
8  3
(c) 0.024 (d) 0.012
39. The magnitude as the error (correct to two deci- (a) 4.73 (b) 4.75
mal places) in the estimation of integral (c) 4.71 (d) 4.77
4 

x  10  dx using Simpson 1/3rd rule is .

4 2

0
45. The value of the integral 
0
sin xdx using

(a) 0.53 (b) 0.57

(c) 0.59 (d) 0.60 3  
Simpson’s rule is  h  
40. For step-size, x  0.4 , the value of following 8  6

1 (a) 1.1629 (b) 1.1515

integral using Simpson’s rule is. (c) 1.1610 (d) 1.1619
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ANSWER KEY
1. (b) 2. (c) 3. (c)
4. (a) 5. (a) 6. (a)
7. (c) 8. (c) 9. (b)
10. (d) 11. (c) 12. (a)
13. (c) 14. (a) 15. (a)
16. (a) 17. (a) 18. (a)
19. (d) 20. (a) 21. (d)
22. (b) 23. (a) 24. (c)
25. (a) 26. (a) 27. (a)
28. (a) 29. (a) 30. (a)
31. (a) 32. (a) 33. (b)
34. (d) 35. (c) 36. (d)
37. (a) 38. (d) 39. (a)
40. (a) 41. (a) 42. (a)
43. (b) 44. (b) 45. (c)

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