Answer Key

Exercise 1: (suggested answers)

Suffix Your Example

-acy accuracy
-age village, postage
-al burial, deferral
-ance/-ence Insistence, importance
-dom freedom, kingdom
-ee payee, trainee
-ency currency
-er/-or writer, director
-hood childhood, neighbourhood
-ism Marxism, socialism
-ist Marxist, socialist
-ity/-ty equality, honesty
-ment disappointment, parliament
-ness kindness, usefulness
-ry ministry, robbery
-ship membership, workmanship
-sion/-tion/-xion expansion, pollution, complexion

Exercise 2: (suggested answers)

Suffix Your Example

-able/-ible portable, edible
-al formal, postal
-en golden, wooden
-ese Japanese, Vietnamese
-esque Romanesque, Arabesque, statuesque
-ful helpful, useful
-i Pakistani, Yemeni
-ic poetic, scenic
-ish childish, Spanish
-ive passive, productive
-ian Malaysian, Peruvian
-less hopeless, useless
-ly monthly, yearly
-ous famous, nervous
-y rainy, windy

pg. 1
Exercise 3: (suggested answers)

Suffix Your Example

-ate dominate, irritate
-en soften, shorten
-ify clarify, identify
-ise/-ize realise, industrialize

Exercise 4: (suggested answers)

Suffix Your Example

-ly easily, quickly
-ward(s) homeward(s), upwards
-wise clockwise, edgewise

Exercise 5: (suggested answers)

Prefix Your Example

anti- anti-racist, anti-war
auto- automobile
co- coexist, codependent
de- decontaminate, demotivate
dis- disagree, disqualify
down- downhearted
extra- extraordinary
hyper- hyperactive
il-, im-, in-, illogical, improbable,
ir- indifferent, irresponsible
inter- international
mal- maladjusted
mega- mega-deal, megaton
mid- mid-October
mis- mislead, misspelt
non- non-smoking
over- overcharge, overrate
out- out-perform, outrun
post- post-war
pre- pre-war
pro- pro-democracy
re- redo, rewrite
semi- semicircle
sub- sub-Saharan
super- super-hero

pg. 2
tele- telepathic
trans- transfer
ultra- ultra-compact
un- unpack, unhappy
under- underestimate
up- uphill

Exercise 6. (Unit 1’s words) Fill in the table with the correct word forms. An ‘x’ indicates there is
no form in that category.

Noun Verb Adjective Adverb

accomplishment accomplish - accomplished x
- accomplishable
affirmation affirm affirmative affirmatively
- aspiration aspire to aspirational x
- aspirant
astuteness x astute astutely
bliss bliss (someone) out blissful blissfully
- complex complex complex complexly
- complexity
distinctiveness x distinctive distinctively
endowment endow endowed with x
- exploration explore - explorative exploratively
- explorer - exploratory
frequency frequent frequent frequently
globalization globalize - global x
- globalized
- globalizing
- glory glorify glorious gloriously
- glorification
- homogeneity homogenize homogeneous homogeneously
- homogenization
immediacy x immediate immediately
incentive incentivize x x
- indicator indicate indicative indicatively
- indication
option opt for optional optionally
perception perceive - perceivable - perceivably
- perceptible - perceptibly
- perceptive - perceptively
- permission permit permissive permissively
- permissiveness
pervasiveness pervade pervasive pervasively

pg. 3
- possession possess possessive possessively
- possessor
- provocateur provoke - provocative - provocatively
- provocation - provoking - provokingly
proximity x proximate proximately
renewal renew - renewable renewably
- renewed
significance signify significant significantly
- subversion subvert subversive subversively
- subversiveness

Exercise 7. Put the words in the box under the correct prefixes to make opposite/negative
words. Some words can match with more than one prefix.

dis- im- in- non- un-

disincentive imperceptible indistinctive non-permissive unexplored
dispossess infrequent non-renewable unperceptive
inglorious unprovoked
insignificant unrenewable

Exercise 8. (Unit 2’s words) Fill in the table with the correct word forms. An ‘x’ indicates there is
no form in that category.

Noun Verb Adjective Adverb

acquaintance acquaint acquainted with x
(sb./yourself) with
sth.
- aim aim aimless aimlessly
- aimlessness
attachment to attach attached x
attention attend to attentive attentively
- author authorize - authorized authoritatively
- authority - authoritative
- authorization
- comprehensibility comprehend - comprehensible - comprehensibly
- comprehension - comprehensive - comprehensively
controversy controvert controversial controversially
cultivation cultivate - cultivable x
- cultivated
- devotee devote devoted devotedly
- devotion
dread dread - dreaded dreadfully

pg. 4
- dreadful
eloquence x eloquent eloquently
emphasis emphasize emphatic emphatically
excess x excessive excessively
instinct x instinctive instinctively
irony x ironic ironically
isolation isolate isolable from x
- meaning mean - meaningful - meaningfully
- meaningfulness - meaningless - meaninglessly
- meaninglessness
- persistence persist persistent persistently
- persistency
x randomize random randomly
- relief relieve - relieved relievedly
- reliever - relieving
sarcasm x sarcastic sarcastically
specification specify - specific specifically
- specifiable
spontaneity x spontaneous spontaneously
subtlety x subtle subtly
- trust trust - trustful trustfully
- trustworthiness - trusting
- trustworthy

Exercise 9. Put the words in the box under the correct prefixes to make opposite/negative
words.

de- in- mis- non- un-

detached inattentive mistrust nonrandom unacquainted
incomprehensible (distrust is also unauthorized
ineloquent possible) uncontroversial
uncultivated
unemphatic
unspecific
unsubtle
untrustworthy

pg. 5
Exercise 10. (Unit 3’s words) Fill in the table with the correct word forms. An ‘x’ indicates there
is no form in that category.

Noun Verb Adjective Adverb

accumulation accumulate accumulative accumulatively
advancement advance - advanced x
- advancing
x appall - appalled appallingly
- appalling
assumption assume - assuming assumingly
- assumptive
charity x charitable charitably
- compilation compile - compiled x
- compiler - compiling
- confidant confide in - confident - confidently
- confidence - confidential - confidentially
- confiding - confidingly
contradiction contradict contradictory contradictorily
- deterrence deter - deterrent x
- deterrent - deterring
disclosure disclose - disclosed x
- disclosing
- ephemera x ephemeral ephemerally
- ephemerality
- foundation found foundational foundationally
- founder
inducement induce x x
infatuation with x infatuated with x
inflation inflate - inflatable x
- inflated
insight into x insightful insightfully
justification justify - justificatory justifiably
- justifiable
- justified
- permanence x permanent permanently
- permanency
- prospect of prospect for prospective prospectively
- prospector
rage rage at raging x
- reason reason reasonable reasonably
- reasonableness
- reasoning
- reliability rely on - reliable reliably

pg. 6
- reliance - reliant on
retention retain retentive x
retaliation retaliate - retaliative x
- retaliatory
reticence x reticent about reticently
ridicule ridicule ridiculous ridiculously
sacrifice sacrifice sacrificial sacrificially
- sentimentalism x sentimental about sentimentally
- sentimentality
subsistence subsist on x x
succinctness x succinct succinctly
suitability suit suitable suitably
tact x - tactful - tactfully
- tactless - tactlessly
temptation tempt tempting temptingly
vitality x vital to vitally
waste waste - wasted wastefully
- wasteful

Exercise 11. Put the words in the box under the correct prefixes to make opposite/negative
words.
de- im- non- un-
deflated impermanent nonconfidential unassuming
nondisclosure uncharitable
unconfident
undisclosed
unjustifiable
unreasonable
unreliable
unretentive
unsentimental
unsuitable
untempting
unvital

pg. 7
Exercise 12. (Unit 4’s words) Fill in the table with the correct word forms. An ‘x’ indicates there
is no form in that category.

Noun Verb Adjective Adverb

adversity x adverse adversely
appeal appeal appealing appealingly
aversion x - averse to aversely
- aversive
- captivity capture captive x
- capture
confrontation confront confrontational x
- conspiracy conspire conspiratorial conspiratorially
- conspirator
- critic criticize - critical critically
- criticism - criticizable
- critique
detestation detest detestable detestably
durability x durable durably
embodiment of embody - embodied x
- embodying
empowerment empower - empowered x
- empowering
- entrepreneur x entrepreneurial entrepreneurially
- entrepreneurship
envisagement envisage - envisaged x
- envisaging
x exceed - exceeded exceedingly
- exceeding
- exposé expose exposed x
- exposure to
flaw flaw - flawed flawlessly
- flawless
x forbid - forbidden forbiddingly
- forbidding
fulfillment fulfill - fulfilled x
- fulfilling
indiscrimination x indiscriminate indiscriminately
inspiration inspire - inspirational - inspirationally
- inspired - inspiringly
- inspiring
intuition intuit intuitive intuitively
- perfection perfect - perfect perfectly
- perfectionism - perfectible

pg. 8
- perfectionist
- persistence persist in persistent persistently
- persistency
- poignance x poignant poignantly
- poignancy
- product produce productive productively
- production
- productivity
recognition recognize - recognizable recognizably
- recognized
regret regret - regretful - regretfully
- regrettable - regrettably
- resentment resent resentful resentfully
- resentfulness
- selection select selective selectively
- selectivity
- speculation speculate on / about speculative speculatively
- speculator
tendency tend x x
understatement understate understated understatedly
visualization visualize visualizable x
viability x viable viably
venture venture venturesome venturesomely
- will will - willful - willfully
- willfulness - willing - willingly
- willingness

Exercise 13. Put the words in the box under the correct prefixes to make opposite/negative
words.
dis- im- non- un-
disembodied imperfection nonconfidential unassuming
disempower nonspeculative undurable
unexceeded
unexposed
unflawed
unfulfilled
uninspired
unproductive
unrecognizable
unregretted
unviable
unwillingly

pg. 9
Exercise 14. (Unit 5’s words) Fill in the table with the correct word forms. An ‘x’ indicates there
is no form in that category.

Noun Verb Adjective Adverb

- altruist x altruistic altruistically
- altruism
contentment content contented contentedly
convention conventionalize conventional conventionally
- cynic x cynical cynically
- cynicism
disaster x disastrous for disastrously
disorder x disordered x
- emulation emulate - emulative - emulatively
- emulator - emulous - emulously
enlightenment enlighten - enlightened x
- enlightening
evaluation evaluate evaluative x
- expert in/on/at expert expert expertly
- expertise
exploitation exploit - exploitable exploitatively
- exploitative
- exploitive
generosity x generous generously
to/towards
hierarchy hierarchize hierarchical hierarchically
hypothesis hypothesize hypothetical hypothetically
inadvertence x inadvertent inadvertently
inclination incline to inclined x
x x inopportune inopportunely
x x inherent in inherently
x mislead misled misleadingly
misleading
obsession obsess obsessive obsessively
quibble quibble about/over x x
regard regard x regardless of
resignation resign resigned resignedly
tolerance tolerate - tolerable - tolerably
- tolerant of - tolerantly

pg. 10
Exercise 15. Put the words in the box under the correct prefixes to make opposite/negative
words.

dis- in- non- un-

discontented inexpert nonexploitative unconventional
disinclined intolerable nonhierarchical uncynical
disregard unexploited
ungenerous

Exercise 16. (Unit 6’s words) Fill in the table with the correct word forms. An ‘x’ indicates there
is no form in that category.

Noun Verb Adjective Adverb

absorption absorb - absorbent x
- absorbing
- access access accessible accessibly
- accessibility
- authentication authenticate authentic authentically
- authenticity
- bore bore - bored boringly
- boredom - boring
consecution x consecutive consecutively
- convict convict convicted x
- conviction
devastation devastate - devastated devastatingly
- devastating
- devastative
- ethnic x ethnic ethnically
- ethnicity
- excavation excavate x x
- excavator
extinction x extinct x
- illusion x - illusionary - illusively
- illusionist - illusive - illusorily
- illusory
- imagination imagine - imaginary - imaginatively
- imaginings - imaginable - imaginably
- imaginative
inference infer inferential inferentially
- innovation innovate - innovative innovatively
- innovator - innovatory
- migrant migrate migratory x

pg. 11
- migration
obligation obligate obligatory obligatorily
x oblige - obliged obligingly
- obliging
- pretense pretend - pretend pretentiously
- pretension - pretentious
- pretentiousness
- prioritization prioritize priority x
- priority
- reversal reverse - reverse x
- reverse - reversible
stubbornness x stubborn stubbornly
- worth x - worth x
- worthlessness - worthless
- worthy - worthwhile
- worthy
- zoologist zoologize zoological zoologically
- zoology

Exercise 17. Put the words in the box under the correct prefixes to make opposite/negative
words. Some words can match with more than one prefix.

dis- in- ir- non- un-

disillusion inaccessible irreversible non-consecutive unabsorbent
disoblige inauthentic nonethnic unextinct
inconsecutive unimaginative
unpretentious
unworthy

Exercise 18. The aim of this exercise is to improve your word formation skills while paying
attention to grammar. You will be given a base word, and your task is to create new words by
adding prefixes or suffixes to the given base.
Feel free to consult a dictionary or other resources for reference if necessary. This exercise is
designed to encourage creativity in word formation while emphasizing grammatical accuracy.

1. We all want the success of the project, but unless we work collaboratively, that’s not
accomplishable.
2. The current study aims at exploratively investigate the antecedents of burnout at
workplace.
3. The media should raise awareness about the dangers of violence instead of glorifying it
through TV series and movies.

pg. 12
4. The documents were reviewed by the authorities to prevent the disclosure of classified
information, because keeping the information confidential was a life-and-death issue for
national security.
5. Parents who adhere to a(n) permissive parenting style are afraid to set limits on
children, and they don’t present themselves as authority figures.
6. There is an increasing tendency for older people and their families to live in close
proximity for emergency cases.
7. Job insecurity acted as a(n) deterrent to apply for the job although he needed it badly.
8. We are justifiably concerned about the slowdown in the economy and the state of the
country. No one can blame us for being so pessimistic.
9. You should overcome your reticence about showing your love to people around you, or
you will always be a lonely person.
10. Watching a live performance offers a(n) immediacy that one cannot get from listening
to a recording.
11. Some people do not call themselves lazy, but they prefer the concept of selective
participation.
12. When people attempt to interfere in her work, she looks at them resentfully as she is a
control freak.
13. He is a great devotee of jazz; he won’t miss the concert.
14. Keeping animals in a zoo is dreadfully cruel, as has been mentioned by animal right
defenders several times before.
15. The teacher was emphatic about the need to meet the deadline for assignments.
16. Although we have gone through difficult times this year, we should not surrender to the
perception of life as something meaningless.
17. It was such a(n) relief to hear that she was not badly injured in the accident.
18. The news report did not specify how many people were killed.
19. There is a lack of spontaneity in his performance. He has been criticized for his robotic
style.
20. Leaving little children alone in a car while you go off for hours is clearly appalling.
21. The disaster affected the rich and the poor, and the young and the old with utter
indiscrimination. They were all badly affected.
22. The venturesome couple decided to try paragliding during their vacation in Fethiye.
23. She was not happy with the conditions, but she agreed to sign the contract unwillingly
to get the job.
24. These inflatable mattresses are ideal for house guests, camping and everyday use.
25. Mark conspired with Tom to set Adam up for murder, but he failed and went to jail.
26. The unappealing colour scheme of the room made it difficult to relax, so I decided to
repaint the walls.
27. He bitterly remembers the days when he was bullied at high school; the other kids used
to ridicule him for the way he dressed.
28. He is a(n) tactless and stubborn man, but he is a very honest person at the same time.
29. We should be careful to avoid wasteful consumption of water, or we will face a severe
shortage this summer.

pg. 13
30. He was not aware that he was making a mistake when he confided his secret to his so-
called best friend.
31. She wandered through the corridors with an apparent aimlessness, looking at whatever
caught her eye.
32. There is a rich body of research in the related literature to examine how well oncologists
and oncology nurses can intuit their patients’ suffering.
33. It was forbiddingly dark in the corridor.
34. All terrorist crime is detestable, whoever the victims are.
35. Wildlife officials say double fences would help prevent the spread of disease between
wild and captive animals.
36. It is a virtue to be able to be cheerful in the face of adversity.
37. Advertising agencies are always expected find a way to attract prospective buyers.
38. A(n) raging storm swooped into the area, destroying homes and killing people with its
intensity.
39. Her latest album release is a(n) compilation of her songs throughout her music career.
40. The concept of intelligence at best is a(n) assumptive construct, because the meaning of
the word has never been clear.
41. The current situation is an effect of the local authorities’ historical record of being
untrustworthy; the people living in the town do not find them reliable.
42. He was wholly inattentive to the needs of his children; he never cared about them.
43. Human beings have a natural tendency to selfishness that sometimes subverts their
best intentions.
44. Despite a careful and deep examination, the researchers cannot find out what the marks
on the ancient stones signify.
45. The relative homogeneity of the population makes it is easier to identify and study
genetic variants.
46. Commercial astuteness and an ability to attract talented designers and engineers have
made the company a success.
47. The government wants to incentivize people to switch to greener cars.
48. She spoke with eloquence on the need for better schools.
49. As I was listening to the interview, I got impressed by the subtlety of the questions.
50. Current algorithms rely heavily on activities and accumulative information from billions
of internet users.
51. Jason has a(n) retentive memory and never fails to recall the names of his three
hundred employees.
52. He expressed his arguments with his usual succinctness and brevity.
53. Although the cake looks very tempting, I cannot have even a single piece of it as I am on
a diet.
54. You should try to be less confrontational if you want to work efficiently and
collaboratively in a team.
55. These recent events will always be remembered with detestation.
56. Moving to another country is a(n) exceedingly difficult decision to take, but I have no
other choice.

pg. 14
57. Today’s world economy is based on digital data, so it is used pervasively in the overall
economic system around the world.
58. We strongly believe in the empowerment of women to achieve gender equality in
developing countries.
59. The bad weather will definitely have a(n) disastrous effect on the area’s tourism
industry.
60. The newly-founded company hopes to emulate the success of other software
companies.
61. The migrant birds travel thousands of miles each year in search of warmer climates
during the winter months.
62. The art critic dismissed the exhibition as pretentious, arguing that the elaborate displays
lacked genuine artistic depth.
63. In standard English, a plural verb must obligatorily have a plural subject.
64. The scientists used inferential statistics to draw conclusions about the population based
on a sample of data collected from the experiment.
65. Before granting access to sensitive information, the system requires users to
authenticate their identity through a combination of a password and a fingerprint scan.
66. The sponge is highly absorbent, so it quickly soaks up spills and efficiently cleans
surfaces.
67. After facing multiple challenges at work, he submitted his resignation, seeking new
opportunities and a fresh start in his career.
68. Despite the tempting offer, he was disinclined to accept the job due to the long
commute and the mismatch with his career goals.
69. The museum has made its exhibits more accessibly designed, which ensures that people
of all abilities can comfortably enjoy and explore the artworks.
70. As a project manager, it’s crucial to prioritize tasks based on their urgency and
importance to ensure the team’s efficiency and successful project completion.

Text 1
In this tranquil town of Meadowville, the pace of life was (1) blissfully slow. Everybody in the
town was putting effort to this end. The local council made a(n) (2) affirmation of their
dedication to community well-being. This commitment was (3) indicative of their desire to
provide public spaces with facilities to foster stronger bonds among residents.
As a(n) (4) inducement for social interaction, the old park in the town was renovated, and the
place became an instant hit among the townsfolk in a very short time. The park’s (5) renewal
brought about a sense of joy to the town. The (6) acquaintances and strangers alike found
common ground in shared outdoor activities.
One day, as I was strolling through the local park, I overheard a conversation about the (7)
isolable nature of a recent town event. The discussion centred around whether the said event
was truly inclusive or if – in fact - it carried a(n) (8) retaliatory undertone in response to earlier
criticisms.
Despite occasional scepticism and the inherent (9) complexity of the societal change, the
overall sentiment was one of hope and optimism. The town’s refreshed commitment to

pg. 15
communal spaces proved that Meadowville was evolving positively, turning its residents into
people who (10) sacrificially do their best for a harmonious future.

Text 2
Today, the (1) cultivation of knowledge has become crucial for societies aiming to thrive in an
interconnected world. This approach to education goes beyond (2) optional endeavours, and
turns out to be a must. Educational institutions, who have already recognized the inherent
value of a(n) (3) comprehensive curriculum, have set some goals in this line. For instance, they
seek substantial (4) endowment to support their mission.
(5) charitable initiatives play a crucial role in this context. Therefore, philanthropists have
become pivotal (6) possessors of change. Their contributions, whether in the form of
scholarships, infrastructure development, or research grants, serve as cornerstones for a more
equitable education system.
As educational institutions strive for excellence, there is an increasing emphasis on a(n) (7)
flawless educational experience. This approach not only benefits the individuals who are
directly involved but also contributes to the collective (8)advancement of societies.
In this dynamic context, the (9) foundational role of education takes on new significance. It
becomes a powerful force driving progress, fostering innovation, and breaking down barriers.
The (10) reliance on educational grants, both public and private, becomes a strategic choice to
fortify the pillars of learning institutions and enable them to adapt to the ever-changing
demands of the global landscape.

Text 3
In the aftermath of the (1) devastating storm, the once picturesque town lay in ruins. The
damage was beyond imagination, leaving the community in a state of shock and despair. The
storm revealed not only physical destruction but also a(n) (2) disordered state of affairs in the
once tight-knit community. The (3) stubbornness of some residents, initially resistant to
change, further complicated the rebuilding process. However, after some time, a collective
realization emerged that overcoming the challenges required a shift in perspective.
The (4) convicted spirit of the townspeople proved to be anything but stubborn. In an order to
rebuild, many individuals from different walks of life came together (5)altruistically, setting
aside personal grievances for the greater good. The (6) illusion of insurmountable challenges
began to fade as they worked tirelessly to make the situation (7) tolerable.
Amidst the chaos, a(n) (8) reversible transformation took place. What was initially considered
(9) worthless became the basis to fresh the sense of community strength. The (10) imaginary
goal of restoring the town turned into a collective reality, showcasing the power of unity and
selflessness in the face of adversity.

pg. 16