TAM Airlines Flight 3054

TAM Airlines Flight 3054 (JJ3054/TAM3054) was a

TAM Airlines Flight 3054
regularly scheduled domestic passenger flight operated
by TAM Airlines from Porto Alegre to São Paulo,
Brazil. On the evening of July 17, 2007, the Airbus
A320-233 serving the flight overran runway 35L at
São Paulo after touching down during moderate rain
and crashed into a nearby TAM Express warehouse
adjacent to a Shell gas station.[6][7] The aircraft
exploded on impact, killing all 187 passengers and A TAM A320 similar aircraft to the one involved

crew on board, as well as 12 people on the ground. An Accident

additional 27 people in the warehouse were Date July 17, 2007
injured.[2][8][9] The accident surpassed Gol Transportes Summary Crashed following runway
Aéreos Flight 1907 as the deadliest aviation accident in overrun due to
Brazilian territory and in South American history and hydroplaning
was the deadliest involving the Airbus A320 series Site São Paulo–Congonhas
until the bombing of Metrojet Flight 9268 in 2015, Airport, São Paulo, Brazil
23°37′11″S 046°39′44″W
which killed 224. This was the last major fatal plane
crash in Brazil until 2024, when Voepass Linhas Total fatalities 199
Aéreas Flight 2283 crashed near São Paulo which Total injuries 27
killed 62. Aircraft
Aircraft type Airbus A320-233
The accident was investigated by the Brazilian Air
Operator TAM Airlines
Force's Aeronautical Accidents Investigation and
IATA flight No. JJ3054
Prevention Center (Portuguese: Centro de Investigação
ICAO flight No. TAM3054
e Prevenção de Acidentes Aeronáuticos; CENIPA), and
a final report was issued in September 2009. CENIPA Call sign TAM 3054
concluded that the accident was caused by pilot errors Registration PR-MBK[1]
during the landing at São Paulo. Flight origin Salgado Filho
International Airport, Porto
Alegre, Brazil

Background Destination São Paulo–Congonhas

Airport, São Paulo, Brazil
Occupants 187
Passengers 181[2][3]
Congonhas runway refit
Crew 6[4]
On both of Congonhas Airport's runways (35L/17R
Fatalities 187[5]
and 35R/17L), a slope prevented the drainage of
Survivors 0
accumulated water on the asphalt. The surface was
already smooth due to excess rubber from the Ground casualties
increased braking required on landing.[10] There were Ground fatalities 12
no runway end safety areas, as Avenida Washington Ground injuries 27
Luís (a busy avenue), as well as several buildings and houses,
were located at the end of runways 35L and 35R. On July 24,
2006, less than a year before the accident, a Boeing 737 of BRA
Transportes Aéreos had difficulty stopping on runway 35L, but the
pilots were able to bring the aircraft to a stop safely by performing
a ground loop.[11] Due to delays and flight cancellations caused by
rains in early 2007, Infraero (the company that manages
Congonhas Airport) decided to resurface the airport's main
runway. The installation of channeling grooves was planned to A view of Congonhas Airport in 2016
reduce the risk of hydroplaning.[12][11] The resurfacing work was
completed on June 29, but the grooves were not added. Infraero
stated that adding the grooves would require an additional 30 days. Despite the incomplete refit, the
Congonhas runway remained open for use during the 2006–07 Brazilian aviation crisis.[11]

Landing difficulties
On July 16, the day before the crash, four pilots who landed at the airport reported poor braking
conditions, including a TAM pilot who managed to stop his aircraft just a few meters before the end of
the runway. Between 12:25 pm and 12:28 pm, Infraero suspended operations at the airport to assess the
runway conditions and subsequently cleared it for use, reporting "no puddles and water slides." However,
at 12:42 local time on the same day, Pantanal Linhas Aéreas Flight 4763, an ATR 42-300, hydroplaned
after touching down on runway 17R. The aircraft veered to the left, striking a concrete box and a small
light pole before coming to rest on the grass between the runway and taxiway. All 25 people on board
survived with no injuries, but the aircraft was severely damaged and deemed beyond repair.[13][14]
Despite this incident, landings continued to be conducted normally at the airport.[15]

Aircraft and crew

The aircraft operating as Flight 3054 was a twin turbofan Airbus
A320-233, serial number 789, registration PR-MBK; it was
powered by two IAE V2500 engines. It was built in 1998 and had
been operated by other airlines before entering service with TAM
in January 2007, six months before the accident. The aircraft was
owned by Pegasus Aviation and had flown more than 21,000 hours
over 10,000 cycles before the crash.[1]

The aircraft was dispatched with the thrust reverser on the

The aircraft involved, while still
starboard engine deactivated, as it had jammed. TAM said in a
operated by its previous operator,
statement that a fault in a reverser "does not jeopardize landings" Pacific Airlines, and previous
and no mechanical problem had been recorded on July 16, the day registration, VN-A168
before the accident.[16] The aircraft had no difficulty braking on
the same runway a day before the fatal accident.[17]

There were six crew members and 181 passengers on board. All 6 crew members as well as 171 of the
passengers were Brazilian; the 10 remaining passengers were of various other nationalities.[18] The flight
crew consisted of two captains (rather than the usual captain and first officer): Captain Henrique Stefanini
Di Sacco (53), and Captain Kleyber Aguiar Lima (54).[19] There were also four flight attendants, with an
additional 13 deadheading. Both pilots had been flying for over 30 years. Stefanini had logged 13,654
flight hours in his career (including 2,236 hours on the Airbus A320), and Lima 14,760 hours, with 237 of
them on the Airbus A320.[19]

Nationality Passengers Crew Ground Total

Flight chronology Brazil 171 6 12 189
France 2 0 0 2
Several players and coaches from the Grêmio
football club were initially booked on Flight Argentina 2 0 0 2

3054, intending to catch a connecting flight in Portugal 1 0 0 1

Congonhas and fly to Goiânia, for a game Sweden 1 0 0 1
scheduled against the Goiás Esporte Clube.
United States 1 0 0 1
However, the club's management rescheduled
the trip to the next day.[20] The plane departed South Africa 2 0 0 2
from Salgado Filho International Airport in Peru 1 0 0 1
Porto Alegre at 17:18 Brazilian Standard Time Total 181 6 12 199
(BRT) (20:18 UTC). It climbed to flight level
(FL) 340 (34,000 feet (10,000 m)).[21] At 18:48 BRT (21:48
UTC), the flight made its landing at Congonhas-São Paulo
Regional Airport.[21]

Accident
Flight 3054 was cleared to
land at Congonhas's
Runway 35L. Reviews by
Flight 3054's route
government officials of the
surveillance videos showed
that despite the aircraft touching down without incident, it did not
slow down normally, veering to the left as it departed the far end
at around 90 knots (170 km/h; 100 mph).[22] The runway is
elevated above the surrounding area, and the aircraft's momentum
carried it over traffic on the adjacent Avenida Washington Luís, a
major thoroughfare, and crushed a four-story TAM Express
An artist's rendering showing the facility, resulting in a large fire. The TAM Express facility
path of the aircraft during its final contained offices and a warehouse, and was located adjacent to a
moments
Shell gas station. All 187 passengers and crew aboard died and the
aircraft was destroyed.[23]

The runway had recently been resurfaced, and did not yet have water-channeling grooves cut into it to
reduce the danger of hydroplaning.[6]

Flight Data Recorder (FDR) information recovered after the crash and released by Brazilian authorities
showed that immediately prior to touchdown, both thrust levers were in CL (or "climb") position, with
engine power being governed by the flight computer's autothrottle system.[24] Two seconds prior to
touchdown, an aural warning, "retard, retard", was issued by the
flight's computer system, advising the pilots to retard the thrust
lever to the recommended idle lever position. This would
disengage the autothrottle, with engine power then governed
directly by the thrust levers.

At the moment of touchdown, the spoiler lever was in the

"ARMED" position.[24] According to the system logic of the
A320's flight controls,[25] in order for the spoilers to automatically
Surveillance video of Flight 3054
deploy upon touchdown, not only must the spoiler lever be in the landing
"ARMED" position, but both thrust levers must be at or close to
the "idle" position. The FDR transcript shows that immediately
after the warning, the flight computer recorded the left thrust lever
being retarded to the rear-most position, activating the thrust
reverser on the left engine, while the right thrust lever (controlling
the engine with the disabled thrust reverser) remained in the CL
position. One theory put forth by CENIPA is that the pilots may
not have noticed that the right engine remained at CL because the
Airbus autothrottle system, unlike other aircraft manufacturers,
does not automatically move the levers when the autothrust
controller changes engine settings. Therefore, the pilots may have Different angle video of Flight 3054
thought that the right engine was at idle power without realizing landing

that Airbus autothrust logic dictates that, when one or more of the
thrust levers is pulled to the idle position, the autothrust is
automatically disengaged.[19] Thus, when the pilot pulled the left engine thrust lever to idle, it
disconnected the autothrust system and the computer did not retard the right engine power to idle. The
A320's spoilers did not deploy during the landing run, as the right thrust lever was above the "idle"
setting required for automatic spoiler deployment.[24] Since the right engine thrust lever was still in the
"climb" detent at that time, the right engine accelerated to climb power while the left engine deployed its
thrust reverser. The resulting asymmetric thrust condition resulted in a loss of control and a crash ensued.
It only took 16 seconds from the incorrect positioning of the thrust levers to overrunning the runway with
an ensuing loss of control, and 26 seconds until the aircraft crashed.

Timeline
Source:[26]
Time

Local time Event

UTC
(UTC−03:00)

Flight 3054 departs

20:19 17:19
Salgado Filho Airport.

The flight begins its

21:20 18:20 approach to Congonhas
Airport.

The pilots perform the

21:43 18:43
landing checklist.
Flight 3054 is cleared to
21:47 18:47
land on runway 35L.

Thrust levers are

21:48:24 18:48:24
positioned incorrectly.

Flight 3054 lands on the

21:48:26 18:48:26
runway.

The aircraft begins to turn

21:48:30 18:48:30
left.
The aircraft overshoots the
21:48:40 18:48:40
runway.

The aircraft crashes into

21:48:50 18:48:50
the TAM Express building.

Congonhas
Aviation safety in Brazil had been under increased scrutiny
following the mid-air collision in September 2006 over the
Amazon of Gol Transportes Aéreos Flight 1907 and an Embraer
Legacy 600 (see Brazil's 2006-2007 aviation crisis).

The 35L runway at Congonhas is 1,940 metres (6,360 ft) long.

Congonhas's counterpart in Rio de Janeiro, the Santos Dumont
Airport, has an even shorter runway, at 1,323 m (4,341 ft). Both
airports receive the same type of traffic — ranging from small
The TAM Express warehouse before
private planes to Boeing 737s and A320s. Many variables affect
the crash
the landing distance of an aircraft, such as approach speed, weight
and the presence of either a tailwind or a headwind. For an Airbus
A320, a landing speed of 20 knots (37 km/h; 23 mph) higher than normal can result in as much as a 25%
increase in the runway length needed to stop an aircraft. Wet weather can also significantly reduce the
braking performance of aircraft, leading to an increase in the minimum runway length requirement.[27]
Pilots have called
Congonhas airport the
"aircraft carrier," because
of the runway's short length
and because pilots are told
to go-around if they
overshoot the first 1,000
feet (300 m) of runway.[28]
The wreckage of Flight 3054 the day The TAM Express warehouse on fire
after the crash shortly after the crash
In June 2007, a Brazilian
judge briefly banned flights
using Fokker 100, Boeing 737-700 and Boeing 737-800 aircraft in
and out of the airport. The Airbus A320 was not among the aircraft
banned, due to its manufacturer-stated braking distance being
shorter than those of the banned aircraft. Pilots had complained
that water had been accumulating on the runway, reducing aircraft
braking performance and occasionally causing planes to
hydroplane.[29] The judge claimed the runway needed to be 388
metres (1,273 ft) longer for these aircraft to operate safely. At the Another angle of the TAM Express
time, a spokeswoman from Brazil's National Civil Aviation warehouse on fire shortly after the
Agency claimed "The safety conditions of the runway and the crash
airport as a whole are adequate."[30] TAM also objected to the
decision, with a spokesman stating "If the injunction stands, it will
cause total chaos," claiming over 10,000 passengers per day would
be inconvenienced.[30]

Aftermath
The airport reopened on July 19, 2007, using an alternative
runway.[17]

Many flights, including all OceanAir and BRA Transportes Part of the gears being lifted out of
Aéreos, were transferred to Guarulhos International Airport, the the warehouse
major airport in São Paulo, due to the closure of the main runway
at Congonhas and the ongoing investigation of the accident.[17]

On July 20, Presidency Chief of Staff Dilma Rousseff announced

plans to significantly reduce the number of flights operating at
Congonhas. The plan included banning, within 60 days, all
connection, stopover, charter, and international flights and the
reduction in the number of private jets. The airport would only
operate direct flights to certain cities in Brazil. The plan also
called for a study of the expansion of São Paulo's two current
The burnt-out warehouse after the
airports and the construction of a third airport in the metropolitan
crash
area.[31]
State crime scene investigators terminated the search for remains on July 28, 2007;[32] as of that date, 114
bodies recovered from the site had been identified by the São Paulo Medical Examiner's Office as those
of passengers.[33]

Investigation
The investigation was carried out
by Brazil's Aeronautical Accidents
Investigation and Prevention
Center (Portuguese: Centro de
Investigação e Prevenção de
Acidentes Aeronáuticos; CENIPA).
Data from the flight data recorder
and cockpit voice recorder (CVR)
The wreckage of Flight 3054
were downloaded by the National
Transportation Safety Board
(NTSB) in the United States commencing July 20 and 23
respectively.[34][35] Based on preliminary data from the FDR, on July 25
Airbus cautioned A320 operators to ensure that both thrust levers are set
to idle during flare.[34] The transcript of the CVR was released on August Brigadier Jorge Kersul
Filho, leading the
1.[36] It shows that the pilots were aware of the wet runway conditions and
investigation into the
the deactivated thrust reverser.[37] The pilots' comments suggest that the
accident, during a press
spoilers did not deploy and that they were unable to slow the aircraft.[37] conference
Crew error had not been ruled out.[38]

An investigation[39] by the Ministry of Justice and Public Security released in November 2008 concluded
that the pilots mistakenly left the lever for the right engine to climb upon landing, due to a mistake in
landing procedures with the right thrust reverser being disabled from a prior maintenance, when in fact it
was necessary to retard both engines in order for the spoilers to work. They also said that the National
Civil Aviation Agency should have closed the airport on the night the plane landed because of heavy
rains; that Congonhas airport authorities shared the blame because its runway had not been properly
constructed with grooves to drain away excess rainwater, contributing to the crash; that the plane's
manufacturer, Airbus, should have provided alarms warning the pilots that the braking system was
failing; and that TAM failed to properly train its pilots, who did not act correctly in the emergency.[40]

Final report
In September 2009, more than two years after the accident, CENIPA announced the results of official
investigations. The report shows that one of the thrust levers, which control engines, was in position to
accelerate when it should be in idle, but it was not proved if there was mechanical or human failure as the
cause of the accident.[19][41][42]

The report suggests two hypotheses for the accident. In the first, there was a flaw in the power control of
the plane's engines, which would have kept one of the thrust levers into acceleration, regardless of their
actual position. This scenario would implicate mechanical failure of the aircraft as the cause of the
accident. The likelihood of this failure occurring is calculated at once per 400 billion flight hours, and
therefore highly improbable. In the second hypothesis, the pilot has performed a procedure different from
that provided in the manual, and put the thrust lever in an irregular position. This scenario would
implicate human error as the cause of the accident.[19]

In addition to the positions of the thrust levers, the report points to several factors that may have
contributed to the accident, such as a high volume of rain on the day, with the formation of puddles on the
runway, as well as the absence of grooving. The report does not blame the length of the runway for the
accident. The BEA also cleared Airbus of any misdoing because they had proposed a system warning
modification regarding the incorrect thrust lever positions that TAM had rejected.[19]

Response
After the crash, President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva ordered three
days of national mourning.[43]

During the 2007 Pan American Games in Rio de Janeiro, the

Brazilian athletes wore a black armband in remembrance of the
victims.[44] The flags of all participating countries were flown at
half mast on July 18. Matches involving a Brazilian athlete or
team started with a minute of silence.[45]
The Brazilian flag being flown at
All matches of the Campeonato Brasileiro 2007 started with a half-mast in Brasília on the
minute of silence, while all players wore black armbands. [46] anniversary of Flight 3054
Brazilian Formula One driver Felipe Massa had a black stripe on
top of his helmet during the 2007 European Grand Prix, to
commemorate the victims. Rubens Barrichello also had stripes on his helmet, and the two Red Bull
Racing drivers David Coulthard and Mark Webber had small Brazilian flags on their helmets referring to
the accident.[47]

More than 5,000 Brazilians marched to the crash site on July 29, 2007, blaming their government's failure
to invest in airport infrastructure for the crash. Many of the protesters also demanded Lula's ouster.[48]

International reactions
Argentina: President Néstor Kirchner called president Lula to express condolences.[49]
Chile: President Michelle Bachelet called president Lula to offer her condolences.[49]
China: President Hu Jintao expressed his condolences to the Brazilian government as
well as the friends and families of the victims.[50]
Germany: President Horst Köhler sent a telegram to President Lula expressing his
condolences to the families of the victims. According to a statement reported by the German
embassy in Brasilia, Germany would join the three-day mourning by lowering the flag at
half-mast at the embassy.[51]
Mexico: Former president Vicente Fox expressed his condolences.[52]
Peru: President Alan Garcia expressed his condolences and requested to talk with
president Lula.[49]
Spain: Felipe VI of Spain was in Brazil at the time of the accident and expressed
condolences.[53]
United States: President George W. Bush, his spokesman Sean McCormack, and
secretary of state Condoleezza Rice all expressed their condolences. Rice also called
Brazilian Foreign Minister Celso Amorim to express additional condolences.[49]
Vatican: Odilo Scherer, the Archbishop of São Paulo, received a telegram from Pope
Benedict XVI signed by the Vatican's secretary of state Tarcisio Bertone, expressing
condolences as well as a mass for the victims.[54]
Venezuela: Foreign minister Nicolás Maduro expressed his condolences to Brazil's
government and citizens.[55]

Memorial
On July 17, 2012, the fifth anniversary of the accident, a plaza
named Memorial Square was opened. Memorial Square was built
on the site of the TAM express warehouse (demolished on August
5, 2007), which is 8,318 square metres (89,530 sq ft) in area.[56]
There is a memorial with the names of the victims engraved as
well as a mulberry tree that survived the crash.[57] There is another
memorial in Porto Alegre called "Largo da Vida," where 199 trees
have been planted. The memorial is located near Salgado Filho
International Airport (the airport from which Flight 3054 Memorial at the site of the accident
departed).[58]

Legal action
On November 19, 2008, the 13,600-page police investigation was completed, which took 16 months of
research to produce, during which 336 people were heard.[59] Federal prosecutors were of the opinion
that the former director of the National Civil Aviation Agency (ANAC), Denise Abreu (who had taken up
the post in March 2006), and the flight safety officer of the airline, Marco Aurelio dos Santos de Miranda,
should both face criminal charges.[60] In 2011, the Brazilian Federal Public Ministry (Ministério Público
Federal—MPF) laid criminal charges against Abreu and Miranda, as well as Alberto Fajerman, TAM's
vice president of operations. They were accused of neglecting air transport safety by allowing the aircraft
to land in heavy rain on the notoriously short, recently resurfaced runway before cutting of grooves to
channel away excess rainwater. The trial began in São Paulo in 2013.[61] In 2014, MPF withdrew the
charges against Fajerman, for lack of evidence.[62] A second charge against Abreu of "documentary
falsehood" was dismissed in November 2014.[63] As of March 2015, no judgement had been handed
down on the other charges.
In 2014, TAM's insurer Itaú Seguros, the company responsible for paying compensation for the tragedy,
launched a lawsuit in Brazil against Airbus for R$350 million (US$156.2 million), according to Folha de
S. Paulo. Attorneys representing Airbus responded in a Brazilian court filing that Airbus accepts no
responsibility, laying the blame for the disaster with the cockpit crew, the airline and the poor state of the
runway.[64]

Notable victims
Among the victims were:

Júlio Redecker (aged 51), a Brazilian Social Democracy Party federal politician, member
and leader of the opposition in the Chamber of Deputies of Brazil.[65][66][67]
Paulo Rogério Amoretty Souza (aged 61), former chairman of the football team Sport Club
Internacional and attorney for Sport Club Corinthians Paulista.[68]
Márcio Rogério de Andrade (aged 35), former football player and FIFA agent at the time of
the crash. His spouse, his daughter and his brother-in-law also died in the disaster.[69]

Dramatization
The documentary television series Mayday, also known as Air Disasters, examined the crash and
investigation in a Season 11 episode titled "Deadly Reputation" (and alternatively "Nightmare Runway"
and "Disaster Runway"), which features interviews with investigators and a dramatic recreation of the
accident.[29]

See also
Brazil portal

Aviation portal

Philippine Airlines Flight 137 – Another Airbus A320 that crashed nine years earlier under
almost identical circumstances, with 3 fatalities
S7 Airlines Flight 778 – An Airbus A310 that crashed one year earlier also with a deactivated
thrust reverser, killing 125 people
TAP Flight 425 – A Boeing 727 that overran a runway and fell down an enbankment, killing
131
Air India Express Flight 812 – A Boeing 737 that overran a tabletop runway and plunged into
a ditch, killing 158
TACA Flight 390 – Another Airbus A320 that crashed into a neighborhood after overrunning
the runway, killing 199
Jeju Air Flight 2216 – A Boeing 737 that crashed into a concrete after a belly landing and
runway excursion, killing 179

References

Notes
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p://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2007/07/18/215565/breaking-news-tam-a320-crashes-in-sa
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o/0,,MUL74102-5605,00.html) [TAM confirms 187th passenger on flight 3054] (in
Portuguese). Globo. July 20, 2007. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20070811012310/
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August 11, 2007. Retrieved July 21, 2007.
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634/http://www.nbcnews.com/id/19864334/) from the original on November 12, 2014.
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4. "Nota da TAM retifica informação e diz que Airbus 320 levava 176 pessoas" (http://www.age
nciabrasil.gov.br/noticias/2007/07/17/materia.2007-07-17.3821074797/view) [TAM notice
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17, 2007. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20110929042006/http://www.agenciabrasil.
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o/0,,MUL75785-5605,00.html) [TAM remakes list of victims and counts 199 dead].
g1.globo.com (in Portuguese). Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20150721122933/htt
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21, 2015. Retrieved July 23, 2007.
10. Sant'anna 2011, p. 239
11. Sant'anna 2011, p. 240
12. "Sem grooving, pista de Congonhas virou 'sabonete', diz piloto da TAM" (http://g1.globo.co
m/Noticias/SaoPaulo/0,,MUL87492-5605,00-SEM+GROOVING+PISTA+DE+CONGONHAS
+VIROU+SABONETE+DIZ+PILOTO+DA+TAM.html) [Without grooving, Congonhas track
became 'soap', says TAM pilot]. g1.globo.com (in Brazilian Portuguese). Archived (https://we
b.archive.org/web/20220205040137/https://g1.globo.com/Noticias/SaoPaulo/0,,MUL87492-
5605,00-SEM+GROOVING+PISTA+DE+CONGONHAS+VIROU+SABONETE+DIZ+PILOT
O+DA+TAM.html) from the original on February 5, 2022. Retrieved July 23, 2019.
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SP (CGH)" (https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=20070716-0). Aviation Safety
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24, 2019. Retrieved July 23, 2019.
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tadao.com.br/blogs/fausto-macedo/stj-anula-acusacao-de-falsidade-documental-contra-ex-d
iretora-da-anac/) [STJ cancels complaint of 'documentary falsehood' against former director
of ANAC]. Estadão (in Portuguese). Archived from the original (http://politica.estadao.com.b
r/blogs/fausto-macedo/stj-anula-acusacao-de-falsidade-documental-contra-ex-diretora-da-a
nac/) on March 20, 2015. Retrieved April 7, 2015.
64. "Airbus rejects any blame for deadly 2007 crash in Brazil" (https://web.archive.org/web/2015
0412215203/http://latino.foxnews.com/latino/news/2014/09/01/airbus-rejects-any-blame-for-
deadly-2007-crash-in-brazil/). FOX News Network, LLC. EFE. September 1, 2014. Archived
from the original (http://latino.foxnews.com/latino/news/2014/09/01/airbus-rejects-any-blame
-for-deadly-2007-crash-in-brazil/) on April 12, 2015. Retrieved April 6, 2015.
65. Chagas, Marcos; Milani, Aloisio (July 17, 2007). "Listas de nomes divulgada pela TAM
ultrapassam previsão oficial de 176 passageiros" (https://web.archive.org/web/2007092802
0254/http://www.agenciabrasil.gov.br/noticias/2007/07/18/materia.2007-07-18.9399401592/
view) [Name lists released by TAM exceed official forecast of 176 passengers] (in
Portuguese). Agência Brasil. Archived from the original (http://www.agenciabrasil.gov.br/noti
cias/2007/07/18/materia.2007-07-18.9399401592/view) on September 28, 2007. Retrieved
July 18, 2007. "71.Julio Cesar Redecker"
66. "Redecker estava no vôo da TAM que pegou fogo em SP" (https://web.archive.org/web/200
70928090615/http://www.psdb.org.br/noticias.asp?id=30878) [Redecker was on the TAM
flight that caught fire in SP] (in Portuguese). Brazilian Social Democracy Party. July 17,
2007. Archived from the original (http://www.psdb.org.br/noticias.asp?id=30878) on
September 28, 2007. Retrieved July 18, 2007.
67. "Deputado do RS estava no vôo que sofreu acidente" (http://noticias.terra.com.br/brasil/acid
entecongonhas/interna/0,,OI1765928-EI10210,00.html) [Deputy of RS was on the flight that
suffered an accident] (in Portuguese). Terra Brasil. July 17, 2007. Archived (https://web.archi
ve.org/web/20160303201941/http://noticias.terra.com.br/brasil/acidentecongonhas/interna/
0,,OI1765928-EI10210,00.html) from the original on March 3, 2016. Retrieved July 18,
2007.
68. Chagas, Marcos; Milani, Aloisio (July 17, 2007). "Listas de nomes divulgada pela TAM
ultrapassam previsão oficial de 176 passageiros" (https://web.archive.org/web/2007092802
0254/http://www.agenciabrasil.gov.br/noticias/2007/07/18/materia.2007-07-18.9399401592/
view) [Name lists released by TAM exceed official forecast of 176 passengers] (in
Portuguese). Agência Brasil. Archived from the original (http://www.agenciabrasil.gov.br/noti
cias/2007/07/18/materia.2007-07-18.9399401592/view) on September 28, 2007. Retrieved
July 18, 2007. "106.Paulo Rogerio Amoretty Souza"
69. "Família viajava no vôo da TAM" (http://g1.globo.com/Noticias/SaoPaulo/0,,MUL72634-560
5,00.html) [Family Traveling on TAM Flight]. g1.globo.com (in Portuguese). Archived (https://
web.archive.org/web/20181023180750/http://g1.globo.com/Noticias/SaoPaulo/0,,MUL72634
-5605,00.html) from the original on October 23, 2018. Retrieved March 28, 2019.

Bibliography
Sant'anna, Ivan (2011). "Parte 2 — Rota de Colisão" [Part 2 — Collision Course]. Perda
Total [Total loss] (in Brazilian Portuguese). Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva. ISBN 9788539002597.

External links
CENIPA External images
Final Report (http://sistema.cenipa.aer.mi Pre-accident pictures of aircraft at
l.br/cenipa/paginas/relatorios/rf/en/3054in Airliners.net (http://www.airliners.net/search?re
g_2007.pdf) Archived (https://web.archiv gistrationActual=PR-MBK&display=detail)
e.org/web/20191020210519/http://sistem
a.cenipa.aer.mil.br/cenipa/paginas/relatori Pre-accident pictures of aircraft at
os/rf/en/3054ing_2007.pdf) October 20, JetPhotos.com (https://www.jetphotos.com/regi
2019, at the Wayback Machine (Archive stration/PR-MBK)
(https://web.archive.org/web/2023101018
2743/https://sistema.cenipa.fab.mil.br/cen
ipa/paginas/relatorios/rf/en/3054ing_2007.pdf))
Final Report (https://sistema.cenipa.fab.mil.br/cenipa/paginas/relatorios/rf/pt/pr_mbk_17
_07_2007.pdf) (in Portuguese) (Archive (https://web.archive.org/web/20091122085144/h
ttp://www.cenipa.aer.mil.br/cenipa/paginas/relatorios/pdf/RF3054.pdf))
TAM Airlines
Comunicados TAM (http://www.tam.com.br/b2c/jsp/default.jhtml?adPagina=3&adArtigo=
10742) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20070824014254/http://www.tam.com.br/b
2c/jsp/default.jhtml?adPagina=3&adArtigo=10742) August 24, 2007, at the Wayback
Machine (in Portuguese) (Press releases from TAM regarding the incident) (Archive (http
s://web.archive.org/web/*/http://www.tam.com.br/b2c/jsp/default.jhtml?adPagina=3&adAr
tigo=10742))
TAM Informa (http://www.taminforma.com.br/)(in Portuguese) (Material from TAM Airlines
about the incident) (Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20071011013704/http://www.t
aminforma.com.br/) October 11, 2007, at the Wayback Machine)
Bureau of Enquiry and Analysis for Civil Aviation Safety
Accident in São Paulo on 17 July 2007 (http://www.bea.aero/en/enquetes/saopaulo/saop
aulo.php) (Archive (https://web.archive.org/web/20120118154715/http://www.bea.aero/e
n/enquetes/saopaulo/saopaulo.php))
Accident survenu à São Paulo le 17 juillet 2007 (http://www.bea.aero/fr/enquetes/saopau
lo/saopaulo.php) (in French) (Archive (https://web.archive.org/web/20120119060240/htt
p://www.bea.aero/fr/enquetes/saopaulo/saopaulo.php))
Press Release (http://www.bea.aero/fr/enquetes/saopaulo/bfucp.pdf) - German Federal
Bureau of Aircraft Accident Investigation (in German) (Archive (https://web.archive.org/web/
20150620193353/http://www.bea.aero/fr/enquetes/saopaulo/bfucp.pdf))
Accident description (https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=20070717-0) at the
Aviation Safety Network
Cockpit Voice Recorder transcript and accident summary (https://tailstrike.com/database/17-
july-2007-tam-3054/)
In pictures: Brazil plane crash (BBC) (http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/in_pictures/6903885.stm)
Video from Congonhas airport security camera, comparing a normal landing with TAM flight
3054's landing (http://noticias.uol.com.br/uolnews/brasil/2007/07/18/ult2486u946.jhtm) (in
Portuguese)
The World's Worst Airline (http://www.slate.com/id/2170727/nav/tap3/) Archived (https://web.
archive.org/web/20100113172330/http://www.slate.com/id/2170727/nav/tap3) January 13,
2010, at the Wayback Machine - Elizabeth Spiers
Plane Crashes in Brazil (https://www.nytimes.com/2007/07/18/world/americas/18brazil.html?
_r=2&hp&oref=slogin&oref=slogin)
List of passengers on Flight 3054 (http://i.a.cnn.net/cnn/2007/images/07/18/tam.list.pdf)
(Archive (https://web.archive.org/web/20130718185713/http://i.a.cnn.net/cnn/2007/images/0
7/18/tam.list.pdf))
Photographs (http://www.eupodiatamatando.com/2007/07/20/sobre-o-voo-3054/) (in
Portuguese) (Archive (https://web.archive.org/web/20081120191501/http://www.eupodiatam
atando.com/2007/07/20/sobre-o-voo-3054/))
CVR recording (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v=K3_A6Rvnnh0) on YouTube
Analysis of the accident and review of the CENIPA Final Report by a commercial aircraft
pilot and training captain (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wsL-flvKAvU) on YouTube

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