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QUANTITATIVE APTITUDE DPP: 2

PROFIT AND LOSS

Q1 Aman buys a pen and a pencil for Rs. 742. He to Umesh for Rs. 13440 at a profit of 20%. How
sells the pencil at a profit of 10% and the pen at a much did Ramesh pay for the washing machine
profit of Rs. 2.1. If the pen costs 12% more than (in Rs.)?
the pencil, the profit percentage in the overall
Q6 By selling 15 identical books for Rs. 4500, a book
sale is:
store makes a profit of 50%. Find the profit (or)
(A) 2.5% (B) 5%
loss percentage if the store sells 35 such books
(C) 7.5% (D) 10%
for Rs. 4900.
Q2 A fruit vendor sells avocados and dragon fruits (A) 35% profit (B) 70% loss
at the same price per kg. If he sells one of the (C) 30% loss (D) 60% profit
fruits at a profit of 20% and the other fruit at a
Q7 A shopkeeper buys a dozen bananas for Rs. 32
loss of 20%, find the overall percentage profit
and sells 10 bananas for the same price. Find the
(or) loss if he sold the same quantity of each fruit.
percentage profit or loss.
(A) 4% loss (B) 2% loss
(A) 10% profit (B) 20% profit
(C) 2% profit (D) 4% profit
(C) 20% loss (D) 10% loss
Q3 The selling price of 30 books is equal to the cost
Q8 A shopkeeper marks up the price of a shirt by
price of 40 books. Find the profit percentage.
40% and that of a pant by 20%, above their
(A) 25% (B) 33.33%
respective cost prices. He then o�ers a discount
(C) 66.67% (D) 12.5%
of 25% on the marked prices of both the items. If
Q4 A toy manufacturer makes a profit of 30% by the combined selling price of the shirt and the
selling a barbie doll to a retailer for Rs. 3900. If pant is Rs. 2,400 and their cost price is in the
the cost of manufacturing increases by 20% and ratio 2 : 3 respectively, find the cost price of the
the price paid by the retailer is increased by 20%, shirt (in Rs.).
find the profit percent made by the
Q9 When an item is sold for Rs. 750, the gain made
manufacturer.
(in Rs.) is 14 times the loss su�ered when it is sold
(A) 10% (B) 20%
for Rs. 300. For a 30% profit, at what price
(C) 30% (D) 40%
should it be sold (in Rs.)?
Q5 Ramesh bought an old washing machine and
Q10 By what percent should the cost price of an
spent Rs. 2200 on its repairs. He then sold it on
article be marked up such that even after
OLY to Suresh at a profit of 40%. The washing
allowing a discount of 25%, a profit of 25% is
machine had a leakage, so Suresh sold it to
made?
Tarakesh at a loss of 20%. Tarakesh finally sold it

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(A) 33.33% (B) 66.67% Q16 The profit earned when an article is sold for Rs.
(C) 25% (D) 50% 2400 is 9 times the loss incurred when it is sold
for Rs. 1600. At what price should the article be
Q11 Ramesh sells two types of pants - Cargo and
sold if it is desired to make a profit of 25%?
Denim at the same price such that he makes a
(A) Rs. 2100 (B) Rs. 2400
profit of 40% on Cargo and a loss of 20% on
(C) Rs. 1800 (D) Rs. 2700
Denim. If he increases the selling price such that
both types of pants are still sold at an equal price Q17 A shopkeeper marks up the cost price (excluding
and a profit of 20% is made on Denim, then the the transportation cost) of an article by 50% and
profit made on Cargo will be: then o�ers a discount of 20% on it. Additionally,
(A) 110% (B) 120% he incurs a transportation cost of Rs. 40 in order
(C) 100% (D) 200% to sell it. If the cost price of the article (excluding
the transportation cost) is Rs. 600, what is his
Q12 Soham spent Rs 10000 to purchase a mobile
overall profit or loss percentage?
phone and a charger. He sold the mobile phone
(A) 6.25% (B) 25%
at 10% profit and the charger at 5% loss. If
(C) 50% (D) 12.5%
overall he made a 1% profit then the purchase
price, in rupees, of the mobile phone is Q18 A fruit vendor purchases several oranges at the
rate of 15 for Rs.12 and sells them at the rate of
Q13 On selling a book at 10% loss and a copy at 30%
12 for Rs.15, What would be the profit percentage
gain, Ram gains Rs. 14. If he sells the book at 10%
earned by him?
gain and the
(A) 43.75% (B) 56.25%
copy at 5% gain, he gains Rs. 21. What is the cost
(C) 31.25% (D) 62.5%
price of the book in Rupees?
Q19 A trader buys an article at a 20% discount on the
Q14 If a shopkeeper gives a discount of 20% on retail
marked price. He then marks it up by 50% on his
price, she still makes a profit of 60%. Which of
cost price and o�ers a 25% discount on the new
the following ensures that she makes a profit of
marked price. If the final selling price of the
40%?
article is Rs. 900, what was the original marked
(A) The shopkeeper gives a discount of 30% on
price of the article?
retail price
(A) Rs. 800 (B) Rs. 900
(B) The shopkeeper decreases the retail price by
(C) Rs. 1200 (D) Rs. 1000
12.5% and then gives a discount of 20%
(C) Both A & B Q20 A shephard buys 120 identical sheep. He sells
(D) None of these some of them at a profit of 20% and the
remaining at a gain of 10%. If he gains 12% on the
Q15 A shopkeeper sells an item for Rs. 3000, making
whole, then how many did he sell at a gain of
a profit of 50%. He sells a second item at a loss
20%?
of 20% and on the whole makes neither profit
(A) 12 (B) 24
nor loss. What did the second item cost him (in
(C) 36 (D) 48
Rs.)?

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Answer Key
Q1 (B) Q11 (A)

Q2 (A) Q12 4000

Q3 (B) Q13 160

Q4 (C) Q14 (C)

Q5 7800 Q15 5000

Q6 (C) Q16 (A)

Q7 (B) Q17 (D)

Q8 1000 Q18 (B)

Q9 429 Q19 (D)

Q10 (B) Q20 (B)

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Hints & Solutions

Q1 Text Solution: selling price of each book be Rs. y
Let the cost price of the pencil be Rs. x Then, according to the question:
Then, the cost price of the pen = Rs. 1.12x 30y = 40x
40x
Here, we get the following equation: ⇒y= 30
x + 1.12x = 742 We know that,
⇒2.12x = 742 SP − CP y−x
Profit % = CP
× 100% = x × 100%
742
⇒∴ x = 2.12 = 350 40x
−x
So, the cost price of the pencil is Rs. 350. =
30
x × 100% = 33.33%
And, the cost price of the pen is Rs. 392.
Profit on the pencil = Rs. 0.1 ×350 = Rs. 35 Q4 Text Solution:
Profit on the pen = Rs. 2.1 The original cost of manufacturing the barbie
Total Profit = Rs. 37.1 3900
doll = Rs. ( 1.3 ) = Rs. 3,000
37.1
Required Profit % = ( 742 ) × 100% = 5% New cost of manufacturing the barbie doll = Rs.
Q2 Text Solution: (1.2 × 3000) = Rs. 3600
Let the selling price of both avocados and New price paid by the retailer = Rs. (1.2 ×3900) =
dragon fruits be Rs. x per kg each. Rs. 4680
4680−3600
Assume that 1 kg of each fruit is sold. So, total Profit % = 3600
× 100% = 30%
selling price = Rs. 2x Q5 Text Solution:
Then, the total cost price of 1 kg each of Let the price paid by Ramesh for the washing
x x
avocados and dragon fruits = Rs. ( 1.2 + 0.8 )= machine be Rs. x
25x
Rs. 12 Price paid by Suresh for the washing machine =
Therefore, the overall percentage loss if he sold Rs. {1.4 ×(x + 2200)}
the same quantity of each fruit = Price paid by Tarakesh for the washing machine =
25x
−2x Rs. {0.8 ×1.4 ×(x + 2200)}
12
25x × 100% = 4%
Price paid by Umesh for the washing machine =
12
SHORTCUT: Rs. {1.2 ×0.8 ×1.4 ×(x + 2200)}
Whenever two items are sold at the same SP with Now, according to the question:
one item being sold at a profit of x% while the 1.2 × 0.8 ×1.4 ×(x + 2200) = 13440
other item being sold at a loss of x%, the result is ⇒x + 2200 = 10000
x
always be a loss of ( 10
2
) %. ⇒x = 7800
Hence, the price paid by Ramesh for the washing
So, in this case the correct answer would be a
20 2 machine is Rs. 7800.
loss of ( 10 ) % = 4%
Q6 Text Solution:
4500
Cost Price of 15 books = Rs. 1.5 = Rs. 3000
Q3 Text Solution: 3000
Therefore, cost price of each book = Rs. 15 =
Let the cost price of each book be Rs. x and the
Rs. 200

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Cost price of 35 books = Rs. 200 ×35 = Rs. 7000 330

Selling price of 35 books = Rs. 4900 SP for 30% profit = Rs. (1.3 ×330) = Rs. 429
CP − SP
Therefore, Loss % = CP
× 100% =
7000 − 4900 Q10 Text Solution:
7000
× 100% = 30%
Let the marked up price of the article be Rs. 100
Q7 Text Solution: Selling price of the article after giving a discount
SP of 10 bananas = CP of 12 bananas = Rs. 32 of 25% = Rs. (0.75 ×100) = Rs. 75
32
SP of 1 banana = Rs. ( 10 ) Cost price of the article after making a profit of
32 75
CP of 1 banana = Rs. ( 12 ) 25% = Rs. ( 1.25 ) = Rs. 60
32 32
Therefore, the required % = ( )
− 100 − 60
Profit % =
SP − CP
× 100% = 10 12
×100% = 60
× 100%
CP 32
12 = 66.67%
20%
SHORTCUT:
Q11 Text Solution:
The cost price and selling price are anyhow the
Let the SP of both types of pants be Rs. x
same, so what matters is the ratio of number of x 5x
CP of Cargo pant = Rs. ( 1.4 ) = Rs. ( 7 )
bananas x 5x
CP of Denim pant = Rs. ( 0.8 ) = Rs. ( 4 )
Given that,
SP (10) = CP (12) New SP of Denim pant =
5x 3x
SP = 1.2 CP Rs. 1. 2 × ( 4 ) = Rs. ( 2 )

Thus, there is a profit of 20% Since, selling price of both types of pants is the
3x
same. So, new SP of Cargo pant = Rs. ( 2 )
Q8 Text Solution:
Profit % = ( ) × 100%
SP − CP
Let the cost price of the shirt be Rs. 200x and the CP
3x 5x

=( ) × 100% = 110%
cost price of the pant be Rs. 300x 2
−
7
Then, according to the question: 5x

( 75 ) ( 34 ) × 200x + ( 65 ) ( 34 ) × 300x =
7

Q12 Text Solution:

2400
⇒48x = 240 Let the purchase price of the mobile phone be

⇒200x = ( 240 ) × 200 = 1000 Rs. x

48
Then, the purchase price of the charger = Rs.
Hence, the cost price of the shirt is Rs. 1,000
(10000 - x)
Q9 Text Solution: SP of the mobile phone = Rs. 1.1x
Let the loss su�ered when the article is sold for SP of the charger = Rs. 0.95 ×(10000 - x)
Rs. 300 be Rs. x Now, according to the question:
So, CP of the article = Rs. (300 + x)
( )
{1.1x + 0.95×(10000−x)} − 10000
10000
× 100% = 1%
Now, according to the question:
300 + x = 750 - 14x ⇒ ( 0.15x − 500
10000
) × 100% = 1%
⇒15x = 450 ⇒0.15x = 600 ⇒x = 4000
⇒x = 30 Hence, the purchase price of the mobile phone is
Therefore, the CP of the item = Rs. (300 + x) = Rs. Rs. 4000

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Q13 Text Solution: Q15 Text Solution:

3000
Let the cost price of book be Rs. x and the cost Cost Price of the first item = Rs. ( 1.5 ) = Rs.
price of copy be Rs. y 2000
Then, according to the question: Let the CP of the second item be Rs. x
0.3y - 0.1x = 14 ---- (1) Then, the SP of the second item = Rs. 0.8x
0.05y + 0.1x = 21 ---- (2) Total SP = Rs. (3000 + 0.8x)
Adding both the above equations, we get: Total CP = Rs. (2000 + x)
0.35y = 35 Now, since there was neither profit nor loss on
⇒y = 100 the whole, we can say that:
Further solving, we get: Total SP = Total CP
x = 160 ⇒3000 + 0.8x = 2000 + x
Hence, the cost price of the book is Rs. 160 ⇒0.2x = 1000
Q14 Text Solution: ⇒x = 5000
Let the retail price of the article be Rs. 100 Hence, the second item cost him Rs. 5000.
Then, the selling price of the article = Rs. 80 Q16 Text Solution:
80
Cost price of the article = Rs. ( 1.6 ) = Rs. 50 Let the cost price of the article be Rs. x
To make a profit of 40% on the CP, Selling Price = According to the question:
Rs. 1.4 × 50 = Rs. 70. This can be achieved if one (2400 - x) = 9(x - 1600)
of the following occurs: ⇒10x = 16800
i) Shopkeeper gives a discount of 30% i.e. SP = ⇒x = 1680
Rs. 0.7 × 100 = Rs. 70 To make a profit of 25%, the SP of the article =
ii) Decreases Retail price by 12.5% and gives a Rs. (1.25 ×1680) = Rs. 2100
discount of 20%, new selling price = 100 Q17 Text Solution:
7 8
x 8 × 10 = Rs. 70 Marked up price of the article = Rs. (1.5 × 600) =
Hence, both options A & B are correct. Rs. 900
Selling price of the article after giving a discount
= Rs. (0.8 × 900) = Rs. 720
Total cost price of the article = Rs. 640 (including
the transportation cost)
Profit %
=( ) × 100% = ( 720640 ) × 100
SP − CP − 640
CP

%
= 12.5%
Hence, his overall profit percetage is 12.5%.

Q18 Text Solution:

Let the number of oranges purchased and sold

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by the fruit vendor be x. 0.9x = 900

Total CP of all the oranges = Rs. ( 12x
15
) ⇒x = 1000
15x Hence, the original marked price was Rs. 1000
Total SP of all the oranges = Rs. ( 12 )
Profit % Q20 Text Solution:
15x 12x

) × 100% = ( ) × 100
− Let the CP of each sheep be Rs. 100
=(
SP − CP 12 15
12x
CP Total CP = Rs. 120 x 100 = 12000
15
81x Total SP (after 12% profit) = 12000 x 1.12 = 13440
% = ( 180
12x ) × 100% (i)
15 Assume that he sells 'x' sheep at a profit of 20%
= 56.25% (i.e. at Rs. 120 per sheep) and '120 - x' sheep at a
Q19 Text Solution: profit of 10% (i.e. at Rs. 110 per sheep)
Let the original marked price be Rs. x Total SP = 120x + 110(120 - x) (ii)
CP for the trader = Rs. 0.8x Equating (i) and (ii)
Marked price o�ered by the trader = Rs. (1.5 × 120x + 13200 - 110x = 13440
0.8x) = Rs. 1.2x 10x = 240
Selling Price after o�ering the discount = Rs. x = 24
(0.75 ×1.2x) = Rs. 0.9x Thus, the number of sheep sold at 20% profit is
Now, according to the question: 24

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