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Basic Networking Concepts and Knowledges

Networking is the process of connecting devices to share data and resources, with the Internet being the largest network. Key concepts include types of networks, network devices, protocols, IP addressing, and models like OSI and TCP/IP. Understanding these fundamentals is essential for effective communication and security in networking.

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33 views4 pages

Basic Networking Concepts and Knowledges

Networking is the process of connecting devices to share data and resources, with the Internet being the largest network. Key concepts include types of networks, network devices, protocols, IP addressing, and models like OSI and TCP/IP. Understanding these fundamentals is essential for effective communication and security in networking.

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afafaf30
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Basic Networking Concepts & Knowledge

Networking is the foundation of communication between computers and devices. It allows data
to be transmitted efficiently. Below are the key concepts you need to understand:

1. What is Networking?

🔹 Networking is the process of connecting two or more devices to share data, resources, and
communication.
🔹 Example: The Internet is the largest network connecting billions of devices worldwide.

2. Types of Networks

Networks can be categorized based on their size and coverage:

3. Network Devices & Their Functions

💻 End Devices → Computers, Smartphones, Printers


📡 Network Devices (connect devices together):
4. Network Topologies (How Devices Connect)

📌 Topology refers to the structure of a network.

5. Networking Protocols (Rules for Communication)

Protocols define how devices communicate over a network.

6. IP Addressing & Subnetting

An IP Address is a unique identifier for devices on a network.

📌 Types of IP Addresses

 IPv4 (Example: 192.168.1.1) – Most common, uses 32-bit addresses.


 IPv6 (Example: 2001:db8::1) – Newer, uses 128-bit addresses for more space.

📌 Private vs Public IPs

 Private IPs: Used within a local network (e.g., 192.168.1.x, 10.0.0.x)


 Public IPs: Used for Internet communication (assigned by ISPs).

📌 Subnetting
Subnetting divides a large network into smaller parts. Example:
 192.168.1.0/24 → 256 IPs
 192.168.1.128/25 → 128 IPs

7. OSI & TCP/IP Models (How Data Moves in a Network)

📌 OSI Model (7 Layers)

1. Physical (Cables, Wi-Fi)


2. Data Link (MAC addresses, Ethernet, Switch)
3. Network (IP addresses, Router)
4. Transport (TCP/UDP, Port Numbers)
5. Session (Manages sessions)
6. Presentation (Encryption, Formatting)
7. Application (Web, Email, FTP)

📌 TCP/IP Model (Simplified Version)

1. Network Interface (Physical, Data Link)


2. Internet (Network, IP, Router)
3. Transport (TCP/UDP, Ports)
4. Application (Web, Email, FTP, DNS)

8. TCP vs UDP (Transport Layer Protocols)

9. Basic Networking Commands

These commands help test and troubleshoot networks.


10. Network Security Basics

📌 Common Threats

 DDoS (Distributed Denial of Service) – Overloading a network with traffic.


 MITM (Man-in-the-Middle) – Intercepting communication between devices.
 Phishing – Tricking users into giving sensitive data.

📌 Basic Security Measures

 Use firewalls to block unauthorized access.


 Enable encryption (e.g., HTTPS, VPNs).
 Set strong passwords and enable 2FA.

Summary

✅ Understand network types (LAN, WAN, WLAN)


✅ Learn about network devices (Router, Switch, Hub)
✅ Know about IP addressing & subnetting
✅ Understand protocols (TCP, UDP, HTTP, DNS, DHCP, SSH)
✅ Master OSI & TCP/IP models
✅ Use basic networking commands (ping, tracert, nslookup)
✅ Follow security best practices

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