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CSE20240207_Part16

The document discusses the importance of energy recovery in HVAC/R systems, particularly in Dedicated Outdoor Air Systems (DOAS). It outlines requirements for energy recovery devices, including minimum enthalpy recovery ratios and the need for controls to disable them under certain conditions. Additionally, it emphasizes the need for careful design considerations regarding supply temperatures and equipment sizing to ensure efficiency and compliance with energy codes.

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20 views

CSE20240207_Part16

The document discusses the importance of energy recovery in HVAC/R systems, particularly in Dedicated Outdoor Air Systems (DOAS). It outlines requirements for energy recovery devices, including minimum enthalpy recovery ratios and the need for controls to disable them under certain conditions. Additionally, it emphasizes the need for careful design considerations regarding supply temperatures and equipment sizing to ensure efficiency and compliance with energy codes.

Uploaded by

Abco
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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BUILDING SOLUTIONS

HVAC/R

ment varies based on climate zone, supply fan air-


flow rate, percentage of outside air and ventilation
system operating hours per year. When required
by codes, energy recovery devices, such as enthalpy
wheels and fixed membrane heat exchangers, must
have a minimum enthalpy recovery ratio of 50%.
Additionally, a bypass damper or some other
control must be included to disable the device
when outside air conditions are not conducive for
energy recovery, such as when air economizers
would normally be active.
There are exceptions to the energy recov-
ery requirements, so verify specific code require-
ments enforced for each project. It is considered
best practice to utilize energy recovery where pos-
sible, even if there is an exception that applies. At
times, the exhaust flow from the spaces may need
to be increased from minimum requirements to
FIGURE 4: Delivering space cooling or heating. On the other hand, sup- meet the efficiency standard for the energy recov-
dedicated outdoor air plying DOAS air directly to the space does require ery device. The engineer should design the DOAS
directly to a space using the costs of grilles, their installation and any addi- ventilation airflow and the exhaust airflow to pro-
traditional diffusers tional ductwork. vide overall positive building pressure and meet the
and grilles is common Note the nominal capacity of a DX cooling code required minimum energy recovery enthalpy
in chilled beam applica- coil, such as what you’d find in a zone-level pack- recovery ratio.
tions. Courtesy: Smith aged or split system, is listed in product catalogs When including energy recovery in a DOAS,
Seckman Reid Inc. at Air Conditioning Heating and Refrigeration engineers must decide whether to account for the
Institute (AHRI) Standard Rating Conditions. capacity of the energy recovery device when siz-
The engineer is advised to account for differ- ing cooling and heating coils. If cooling and heating
ent entering air conditions when DOAS are used capacities are reduced, energy recovery can appear
in conjunction with the space cooling and heat- more cost-effective, but risk increases. However,
ing equipment. Capacities of the space condition- if capacities are not reduced, the ventilation load
ing equipment and other parameters differ from is met even if the energy recovery device fails or is
the nominal AHRI published conditions for the later removed. Either way, maintenance of the ener-
space equipment based on entering air condi- gy recovery device is just as critical as any other
tion. Nominal capacity values, or capacities listed portion of the DOAS.
at AHRI conditions, do not apply and a manufac-
turer’s selection is recommended to ensure space Supply temperatures for DOAS
loads are met. The HVAC engineer should consid- To dehumidify the raw outdoor air in summer,
er these strategies and determine which is best for the DOAS cools the supply air down below satu-
the project before detailed design begins. ration or dewpoint, and moisture is removed from
the air as condensate. Many engineers will use the
DOAS energy recovery considerations ASHRAE dehumidification design condition and
Exhaust air energy recovery is often consid- heat recovery temperatures to assure they have
ered when designing a DOAS to potentially reduce accounted for the full dehumidification load. A
equipment sizing and energy usage. Energy codes leaving coil temperature of 52 F or lower is typical-
require energy recovery for systems with high per- ly used for the design. In cooling season, the air can
centages of outside air. The percentage where ener- be sent to the spaces at this temperature, but there
gy recovery is required has steadily decreased with is a risk of overcooling some spaces. At times, the
new code updates. The applicability of this require- saturated air is reheated to avoid over cooling.

14 | July/August 2024 consulting-Specifying engineer — www.csemag.com

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