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UAP DESIGN GUIDELINES FOR TYPHOON RESILIENCY

The document outlines design strategies for buildings to withstand typhoons, floods, and earthquakes. Key recommendations include using compact building shapes, hip roofs, and securing doors and windows to resist high winds, as well as elevating structures in flood-prone areas. For earthquake resilience, it emphasizes a coherent structural framework with cross bracing and strong connections between components.

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98 views

UAP DESIGN GUIDELINES FOR TYPHOON RESILIENCY

The document outlines design strategies for buildings to withstand typhoons, floods, and earthquakes. Key recommendations include using compact building shapes, hip roofs, and securing doors and windows to resist high winds, as well as elevating structures in flood-prone areas. For earthquake resilience, it emphasizes a coherent structural framework with cross bracing and strong connections between components.

Uploaded by

23100539
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Typhoon-Resilient Design Strategies:

The main strategy in protecting buildings from strong winds is


to maintain the integrity of the building envelope, including
roofs and windows, and to design the building to withstand the
expected lateral and uplift forces. The following are some
strategies that can be employed to make the construction
system more wind resilient and which could possibly withstand
more than 250 kph winds:

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Building Shape
o The most important single factor in determining the
performance of buildings in typhoons is the building shape.
Simple, compact, symmetrical shapes are best. o The best
shape to resist high winds is a square. The square plan is
better than the rectangle since it allows high winds to go
around them. The rectangle is better than the L-shaped plan.
For rectangular shapes, the best layout is when the length is
not more than three (3) times the width.
o If other shapes are desired, efforts should be made to
strengthen the corners.
o If longer shapes are used, they must be designed to
withstand the forces of the wind.
o For groups of buildings, a cluster arrangement can be
followed in preference to row type.

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Roof Form/Shape
o Use a hip roof. This is the strongest type with all sides of the
roof sloped. Hip roofs offer much less wind resistance than
gable roofs.
o For gable roofs, use a high pitched roof.
o Avoid a low-pitched roof. Roof pitch angle at least 25°.
Experience and experiment have shown that the hip roof with
the pitch in 25° to 40° range has best record of wind
resistance.

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Roof Overhangs
o Avoid large overhangs as high wind force build up under
them.
o Roof eaves can be limited to 18 - 20 inches. o If overhangs
or canopies are desired, they should be braced by ties held
to the main structure.

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Doors and Windows
o Avoid openings which cannot be securely closed during a
typhoon.
o Doors and windows must be protected by covering and/or
bracing. Hurricane shutters can protect windows from most
wind-blown debris.
o Enhance the protection of openings by considering the
addition of impact-resistant windows, doors, louvers, etc. An
alternative is for glass panes be strengthened by pasting thin
film or paper strips. This can introduce some damping in the
glass panels and reduce their vibrations.
o Recourse may be taken to reduce the panel size to smaller
dimensions.
o Since the failure of any door or window on the wind-ward
side may lead to adverse uplift pressures

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under roof, the openings should have strong holdfasts as
well as closing/locking arrangement.

Flood-Resilient Design Strategies:


Location
o Avoid as much as possible any high-density
development in low-lying areas (prone to flooding). o
Observe required easements along sides of waterways.
o House located on a river bed, close to running water, is
very vulnerable to flooding. Not only the house, but also its
contents are vulnerable to destruction due to heavy rains.
Houses should not be built in such obviously vulnerable
locations, or if they are, they should be designed to resist
the hazards of their location.
o Houses must be located away from places subject Page 7 of 16

to landslides where soil may move down a steep slope, debris


flows where soil gravel and rocks may be washed rapidly
down by heavy rainfall, and flashfloods. o The house floor must
be elevated above the surrounding area, with special
consideration for possible area flooding, either by ground
water, sea storm, or by tsunami.

Foundation
o Invariably a typhoon is accompanied by torrential rain and
tidal surge (in coastal areas) resulting into flooding of the low
lying areas.

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Building on-stilts

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Wall Openings/Window Openings
o Openings just below roof level be avoided for storm resiliency
except that two small vents without shutter should be provided
in opposite walls to prevent suffocation in case room gets filled
with water and people may try to climb up on lofts or pegs.

Earthquake-Resilient Design Strategies: Page 10 of 16


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Structural Framing
o The building needs a coherent structure. If the structure is
coherent and strong, it protects the whole house.

- A regular structure (Columns and floors are all joined to each


other in a regular format. Overhanging
parts of the building are all well supported by continuous
columns to the foundations. A complete structural frame
around the building is tied in to the foundation, the walls
and the roof structure)

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o The walls and roof need bracing against lateral movement. In
order to resist lateral forces, walls and roof structure need cross
bracing at all levels, particularly if it is a wooden structure. This
is a major principle in the construction of traditional houses.
o Wall material must be tied to the building structure with metal
ties. Metal wall ties are to be hooked at the end.
o All houses are to have completely framed pitched triangular
roof trusses. Roof trusses are to be placed over columns and
tied to them.
o Most roof truss joints, and particularly central ones, are to be
bolted, not nailed.
o Joints in roof structural wood are to be made with step
joints, not with 45º cuts.
o Joints in roof structure are not to be made near the middle of
a span.
o All wooden parts of a house structure are to be Page 15 of 16
cross braced, stumps, walls, and roof.
o Wood roof structures are to be cross braced in both
directions.
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