Security

Operations

CISO MindMap 2025 Threat Prevention

(NIST CSF Identify & Protect)

Asset Management
Threat Detection
(NIST CSF Detect)

Log Analysis/correlation/SIEM
Incident Management
(NIST CSF Respond & Recover)

Create adequate

What do Security Professionals Really do?

Incident Response
Network/Application Alerting (IDS/IPS, FIM, capability
Firewalls WAF, Anti Malware, etc)
Incident Response Playbooks
Vulnerability NetFlow analysis
Management Incident Readiness Assessment
DLP
Forensic Investigation
Threat hunting and Insider threat
Scope Data Breach
MSSP integration Preparation

Operating Systems Threat Detection

capability assessment
Update and Test
Network Devices
Incident Response Plan
Applications Gap assessment Set Leadership
Databases Expectations
Prioritization to fill gaps
Managing Security Projects Code Review Forensic and IR
SOC Operations Partner, retainer
Business Case Development Physical Security
Adequate Logging
Alignment with IT Projects Cloud misconfiguration testing SOC Resource Mgmt
Breach exercises
Balancing budget for People, Training, and Mobile Devices & Apps SOC Staff continuous training (e.g. simulations)
Tools/Technology/Hardware, travel, conferences
Manage Infosec Budget First responders
Containers Shift management
Consulting and outsourcing Training
Attack surface management SOC procedures
CapEx and OpEx considerations IR Playbook testing
IoT SOC Metrics and Reports
Technology amortization Media Relations
OT/SCADA SOC and NOC Integration
Retire redundant & under utilized tools Team Management Business Continuity
Identify (periodic or continuous) SOC Tech stack management Planning
Recruiting, performance and retention
Classify SOC DR exercise Ransomware
Staff burnout prevention
Staffing and Talent Management Partnerships with ISACs
Balance FTE and contractors
Risk Based Approach Long term trend analysis Identify critical systems
Staff training and skills update
Prioritize (e.g. use of EPSS) Unstructured data from IoT Perform ransomware BIA

Mitigation (Fix, verify, false positive) Integrate new data Tie with BC/DR Plans
sources (see areas
Acquisition Risk Assessment Measure Devise containment
under skills development)
strategy
Network/Application/Cloud Integration Cost
Mergers and Acquisitions Skills Development
Ensure adequate backups
IAM integration Baseline
Periodic backup test
Security tools rationalization Metrics
Machine Learning
Skill Development Offline backups in case
Multi-Cloud architecture Application
backup is ransomed.
Security
Understand
Strategy and Guidelines Algorithm Biases Mock exercises

Cloud Security Posture Management (CSPM) Application Development IOT Implement machine
Standards integrity checking
Ownership/Liability/Incidents Autonomous
Secure Code Vehicles Automation and SOAR
Vendor's Financial Strength
Training and Review
Drones
SLAs
Application Vulnerability Testing Playbooks
Medical Devices
Infrastructure Audit
Change Control Supply chain incident mgmt
File Integrity Monitoring Industrial Control
Proof of Application Security
Systems (ICS)
Disaster Recovery Posture SaaS Strategy Web Application Firewall
MITRE ATT&CK Keep inventory
Data ownership, compliance Cloud Computing Integration to SDLC of software
and Project Delivery Soft skills components
Integration of Identity
Inventory open source components DevOps Integration Integrate into
Management/Federation/SSO
vulnerability mgmt
Source code supply chain security Prepare for unplanned work
SaaS Policy and Guidelines
Integrate into
API Security Manage data process cost SDLC and risk
Cloud log integration/APIs
mgmt process
Network IPS and IDS Use of AI, GenAI and Data Analytics
Virtualized security appliances
Managing relationships
Cloud-native apps security Identity Management with law enforcement
Use of computer
Containers-to-container communication security DLP Post-incident analysis
vision in physical
Anti Malware, Anti-spam security
Service mesh, micro services Cyber Risk Insurance
Proxy/Content Filtering Log Anomaly Detection
Serverless computing security
DNS security/ filtering ML model training, retraining
Technology advancements
Patching Red team/blue team exercises
Lost/Stolen devices
Mobile Technologies Business Enablement Integrate threat intelligence platform (TIP)
BYOD and MDM (Mobile Device Management) DDoS Protection

Hardening guidelines Deception technologies for breach detection

Mobile Apps Inventory
Desktop security Full packet inspection
HR/On Boarding/Termination
Processes Detect misconfigurations
Business Partnerships Encryption, SSL, PKI

Security Health Checks Integrate Cloud based tools

Agility, Business Continuity and Disaster Recovery

Understand industry trends (e.g. retail, financials, etc) Public software repositories

Evaluating Emerging Technologies (Quantum, Crypto, GenAI etc.) Awareness training

IOT Frameworks

Hardware/Devices security features Identity Credentialing

IOT Communication Protocols
Last update: March 31, 2025 User Provisioning and Identity Life Cycle Management
Device Identity, Auth and Integrity Single Sign On (SSO, Simplified sign on)
Over the Air updates Expiration date: September 30, 2026 Repository (LDAP/Active Directory, Cloud Identity, Local ID stores)
Track and Trace
Twitter: @rafeeq_rehman
Federation, SAML, Shibboleth
IOT
Condition Based Monitoring Authenticator Apps
Customer Experience

Smart Grid
IOT Use cases Downloads: http://rafeeqrehman.com 2-Factor (multi-factor) Authentication - MFA Tokens and cards

One time passcodes

Smart Cities / Communities Role-Based Access Control (RBAC)
Others ... Customer Identity - Ecommerce and Mobile Apps
IoT SaaS Platforms Password resets/self-service
Augmented and Virtual Reality HR Process Integration
Drones Integrating cloud-based identities
Identity Management
Edge Computing IoT device identities

IAM SaaS solutions

AI Governance, Policies, Transparency Unified identity profiles

LLMs, Chatbots, Agents, RAG Voice signatures

Safe and ethical uses of GenAI Password-less authentication Face recognition

Secure AI/GenAI models Passkey

Protecting Intellectual Property

InfoSec Professionals IAM with Zero Trust technologies

Privileged Access Management (PAM)

Responsibilities
Identify GenAI plausible use cases

Securing training and test data Use of public identity OAuth

(Google, FB etc.)
Artificial Intelligence OpenID
Adversarial attacks
and Generative AI (GenAI)
AI enabled security tools, threat detection Digital Certificates

Train InfoSec teams on AI technologies API authentication and secrets management

NIST AI Risk Mgmt Framework

Use of GenAI in task automation Strategy and business alignment

AI/GenAI testing tools Security policies, standards
OWASP Top 10 LLM and GenAI risk Legal, regulatory and contract

NIST - relevant NIST standards

Embedding security in Project Requirements ISO

Threat modeling and Design reviews COSO

Security Testing Project Delivery Lifecycle COBIT

Certification and Accreditation Risk Mgmt/Control Frameworks ITIL

FAIR

FISMA
Traditional Network Segmentation
CMMC
Micro segmentation strategy
Visibility across multiple frameworks
Application protection
Governance Roles and Responsibilities (RACI charts)
Defense-in-depth
Data Ownership, sharing, and data privacy
Remote Access
Conflict Management
Encryption Technologies
Operational Metrics
Backup/Replication/Multiple Sites
Security Architecture Metrics and Reporting Executive Metrics
Cloud/Hybrid/Multiple Cloud Vendors
Validating effectiveness of metrics
Software Defined Networking
IT, OT, IoT/IIoT Convergence
Network Function Virtualization
Explore options for cooperative SOC, collaborative infosec
Zero trust models and roadmap
Tools and vendors consolidation
SASE/SSE strategy, vendors
Evaluating control effectiveness
Overlay networks, secure enclaves
Maintaining a roadmap/plan for 1-3 years

Board oversight and board presentations

CCPA, GDPR & other data privacy laws

PCI
Aligning with Corporate
SOX Objectives

HIPAA and HITECH Continuous Mgmt Updates, metrics

Regular Audits Negotiation, give and take

SSAE 18 Corporate politics, picking battles carefully

Compliance and Audits

Focus Areas
NIST/FISMA Security Team Branding Innovation and Value Creation
CMMC Expectations Management
HITRUST Show progress/ risk reduction
DORA ROSI

for 2025-26
SEC notification requirements

Other compliance needs

Enable Secure Application access

Secure expanded attack surface

Data Discovery and Data Ownership Remote Work Security of sensitive data accessed from home
Vendor Contracts Zero trust access to applications
Investigations/Forensics
Legal
Attorney-Client Privileges
Automate patching
Data Retention and Destruction
Secure DevOps, DevSecOps 1. It is time for securing GenAI
2. Consolidate and rationalize
Embedding security tools in CI/CD pipelines
Physical Security Automate threat hunting
Vulnerability Management

Ongoing risk assessments/pen testing

Automate risk scoring

Automate asset inventory

security tools
Code Reviews, SAST

Use of Risk Assessment Methodology and framework

Automation and Analytics Secure infrastructure as code

Automate API inventory

3. Identify and manage
Policies and Procedures Automate risk register security debt
Phishing and Associate Awareness

4. Ransomware and Cyber

Automate security metrics
Data Discovery Automate incident response where applicable

resilience
Data Classification Automate compliance checks
Access Control
Data Centric
Data Loss Prevention - DLP

Customer and Partner Access

Approach

Risk Management
5. Create meaningful metrics
Encryption/Masking

Monitoring and Alerting

6. Improve Cyber Hygiene
Industrial Controls
Systems

PLCs

SCADA
Operational Technologies © Copyright 2012-2025 -
HMIs Rafeeq Rehman
Third party risk management (TPRM) automation

Cyber Risk Quantification (CRQ)

Maintain Centralized Risk Register

Loss, Fraud prevention