MATLAB for Engineers (MEE1006)

Department of Mechanical Engineering, SAMM

Manipal University Jaipur
Assignment-3
NAME: Rajveer Singh Rajput

REGISTRATION NO.: 2426040035

Q.1 Let B be a variable that contains the sentence MY NAME IS JOHN SMITH. Write the command to extract NAME
JOHN out of the string.

B = 'MY NAME IS JOHN SMITH';

extracted_string = B(4:12);

disp(extracted_string);
1 2 3 7 8
Q.2 Let's say you have two matrices 𝑋 and 𝑌: 𝑋= and 𝑌=
4 5 6 9 10
Write a MATLAB code to append matrices 𝑋 and 𝑌 horizontally to form a new matrix 𝑍. Append matrices 𝑋 and 𝑌
ver cally to form a new matrix 𝑊 if possible else jus fy your answer.

X = [1 2 3; 4 5 6];

Y = [7 8; 9 10];

Z = [X, Y];

disp('Matrix Z (horizontally appended):');

disp(Z);

disp(' ');

disp('Ver cal appending of X and Y is not directly possible because they have different numbers of columns.');

disp('To append matrices ver cally, they must have the same number of columns.');

disp(' ');

disp('Matrix X has 3 columns, while Matrix Y has 2 columns.');

Q.3 Using a for loop in MATLAB, write a program to calculate the sum of the first 10 odd numbers. Show the output.

sum_odd = 0;

odd_count = 0;

number = 1;

while odd_count < 10

if rem(number, 2) ~= 0

sum_odd = sum_odd + number;

odd_count = odd_count + 1;
end

number = number + 1;

end

disp(['The sum of the first 10 odd numbers is: ', num2str(sum_odd)]);

Q.4 For 𝜃 ranging from 0 to 2𝜋, displacement y is given below for different ranges of theta. Write a MATLAB script
using if else condi ons and plot y w.r.t 𝜃 for all the ranges. Show the plot.
[ . ]
𝑦= for 0≤𝜃≤

𝑦=6 for ≤𝜃≤

𝑦=6−3[1−0.5cos(3(𝜃− ))] for ≤𝜃≤

𝑦=3 for ≤𝜃≤

𝑦=3−1.5( )2 for ≤𝜃≤

/ 2
𝑦=0.75−0.75(1− /
) for ≤𝜃≤2𝜋

theta = linspace(0, 2*pi, 500);

y = zeros(size(theta));
for i = 1:length(theta)
if theta(i) >= 0 && theta(i) <= pi/2
y(i) = (6 * (2*theta(i) - 0.5*sin(theta(i)))) / pi;
elseif theta(i) > pi/2 && theta(i) <= 2*pi/3
y(i) = 6;
elseif theta(i) > 2*pi/3 && theta(i) <= 4*pi/3
y(i) = 6 - 3 * abs(1 - 0.5 * cos(3*(theta(i) - 2*pi/3)));
elseif theta(i) > 4*pi/3 && theta(i) <= 3*pi/2
y(i) = 3;
elseif theta(i) > 3*pi/2 && theta(i) <= 7*pi/4
y(i) = 3 - 1.5 * (theta(i) - 3*pi/4).^2;
elseif theta(i) > 7*pi/4 && theta(i) <= 2*pi
y(i) = 0.75 - 0.75 * (1 - (theta(i) - 7*pi/4) / (pi/4)).^2;
end
end

plot(theta, y);
xlabel('\theta');
ylabel('y');
title('Displacement y as a function of \theta');
grid on;

Q.5 Consider a polynomial 𝑓(𝑥)=3𝑥3−2𝑥2+5𝑥−7.

i i. Define this polynomial as a MATLAB func on named ‘polynomial_f’ that takes x as input and returns the
value of 𝑓(𝑥).

ii ii. Write MATLAB code to evaluate 𝑓(𝑥) at 𝑥=2.s

iii iii. Write MATLAB code to find the roots of 𝑓(𝑥).

Plot the graph of 𝑓(𝑥) in the range 𝑥∈[−3,3] with 100 elements. Show the output.

func on y = polynomial_f(x)

y = 3*x.^3 - 2*x.^2 + 5*x - 7;

end

x_value = 2.5;

f_at_2_5 = polynomial_f(x_value);

disp(['The value of f(x) at x = ', num2str(x_value), ' is: ', num2str(f_at_2_5)]);

coefficients = [3, -2, 5, -7];

roots_f = roots(coefficients);

disp('The roots of f(x) are:');

disp(roots_f);

x_plot = linspace(-3, 3, 100);

y_plot = polynomial_f(x_plot);

figure;

plot(x_plot, y_plot);

xlabel('x');

ylabel('f(x)');

tle('Graph of f(x) = 3x^3 - 2x^2 + 5x - 7');

grid on;

Q.6 Given the following data points:

Days 0 5 10 15 20
Height 0.2 0.8 1.5 2.3 3.0
(meters)

Write a MATLAB code to perform the curve fi ng using a second-degree polynomial. Show the output.

days = [0, 5, 10, 15, 20];

height = [0.2, 0.8, 1.5, 2.3, 3.0];

degree = 2;

coefficients = polyfit(days, height, degree);

disp('Coefficients of the second-degree polynomial:');

disp(['a (coefficient of x^2): ', num2str(coefficients(1))]);

disp(['b (coefficient of x): ', num2str(coefficients(2))]);

disp(['c (constant term): ', num2str(coefficients(3))]);

days_fit = linspace(min(days), max(days), 100);

height_fit = polyval(coefficients, days_fit);

figure;

plot(days, height, 'o', 'DisplayName', 'Original Data Points');

hold on;

plot(days_fit, height_fit, '-', 'DisplayName', 'Second-Degree Polynomial Fit');

hold off;

xlabel('Days');

ylabel('Height (meters)');

tle('Curve Fi ng with a Second-Degree Polynomial');

legend('show');

grid on;

Q.7 For the give sca ered data, write MATLAB codes for the following curve fi ng opera ons:

a) 5 degrees polynomial (represented by ‘-’)

b) 4 degrees polynomial (represented by ‘--‘)

(0.3, 0.7), (1.3,1.2), (3.1, 2.2), (4,5), (6.4, 5.4), (7.6, 4.6), (8.1, 4.9), (8.4, 5), (9.1, 5.9), (9.8, 6.8)

Show x-axis and y-axis labels as ‘x’ and ‘y’ respec vely and compare the plots.

data_points = [

0.3, 0.7;

1.3, 1.2;
3.1, 2.2;

4.0, 5.0;

6.4, 5.4;

7.6, 4.6;

8.1, 4.9;

8.4, 5.0;

9.1, 5.9;

9.8, 6.8

];

x_data = data_points(:, 1);

y_data = data_points(:, 2);

degree_5 = 5;

coefficients_5 = polyfit(x_data, y_data, degree_5);

x_fit = linspace(min(x_data), max(x_data), 100);

y_fit_5 = polyval(coefficients_5, x_fit);

degree_4 = 4;

coefficients_4 = polyfit(x_data, y_data, degree_4);

y_fit_4 = polyval(coefficients_4, x_fit);

figure;

sca er(x_data, y_data, 'o', 'DisplayName', 'Sca ered Data');

hold on;

plot(x_fit, y_fit_5, '-', 'DisplayName', '5 Degrees Polynomial');

plot(x_fit, y_fit_4, '--', 'DisplayName', '4 Degrees Polynomial');

xlabel('x');

ylabel('y');

tle('Curve Fi ng with 5 and 4 Degrees Polynomials');

legend('show');

grid on;

hold off;

disp('Coefficients for 5 degrees polynomial:');

disp(coefficients_5);

disp(' ');

disp('Coefficients for 4 degrees polynomial:');

disp(coefficients_4);
Q.8 The overall grade in a course is determined from the grades of 6 quizzes, 3 midterms, and a final exam, using the
following scheme: Quizzes: Quizzes are graded on a scale from 0 to 10. The grade of the lowest quiz is dropped and
the average of the 5 quizzes with the higher grades cons tutes 30% of the course grade. Midterms and final exam:
Midterms and final exams are graded on a scale from 0 to 100. If the average of the midterm scores is higher than
the score of the final exam, the average of the midterms cons tutes 50% of the course grade and the grade of the
final exam cons tutes 20% of the course grade. If the final grade is higher than the average of the midterms, the
average of the midterms cons tutes 20% of the course grade and the grade of the final exam cons tutes 50% of the
course grade. Write a MATLAB script that determines the course grade for a student. The program first asks the user
to enter the six quiz grades (in a vector), the three midterm grades (in a vector), and the grade of the final exam.
Then the program calculates a numerical course grade (a number between 0 and 100). Finally, the program assigns a
le er grade according to the following key: 𝐺𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑒 A for ≥ 90, B for 80 ≤ 𝐺𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑒 < 90, C for 70 ≤ 𝐺𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑒 < 80, D for 60 ≤
𝐺𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑒 < 70, and E for a grade lower than 60. Execute the program for the following cases: (a) Quiz grades: 6, 10, 6, 8,
7, 8. Midterm grades: 82, 95, 89. Final exam: 81. (b) Quiz grades: 9, 5, 8, 8, 7, 6. Midterm grades: 78, 82, 75. Final
exam: 81.

quiz_grades_str = input('Enter the six quiz grades as a vector (e.g., [6 10 6 8 7 8]): ', 's');

quiz_grades = str2num(quiz_grades_str);

midterm_grades_str = input('Enter the three midterm grades as a vector (e.g., [82 95 89]): ', 's');

midterm_grades = str2num(midterm_grades_str);

final_exam_grade = input('Enter the final exam grade: ');

sorted_quizzes = sort(quiz_grades);

top_5_quizzes = sorted_quizzes(2:6); % Drop the lowest grade (first element)

average_top_5_quizzes = mean(top_5_quizzes);

quiz_component = 0.30 * average_top_5_quizzes * 10; % Scale to 0-100 and apply weight

average_midterm_grade = mean(midterm_grades);

if average_midterm_grade > final_exam_grade

midterm_component = 0.50 * average_midterm_grade;

final_exam_component = 0.20 * final_exam_grade;

else

midterm_component = 0.20 * average_midterm_grade;

final_exam_component = 0.50 * final_exam_grade;

end

overall_grade_numerical = quiz_component + midterm_component + final_exam_component;

if overall_grade_numerical >= 90

le er_grade = 'A';

elseif overall_grade_numerical >= 80

le er_grade = 'B';

elseif overall_grade_numerical >= 70

le er_grade = 'C';
elseif overall_grade_numerical >= 60

le er_grade = 'D';

else

le er_grade = 'E';

end

disp(['Numerical Course Grade: ', num2str(overall_grade_numerical)]);

disp(['Le er Grade: ', le er_grade]);

disp(' ');

disp('--- Case (a) ---');

quiz_grades_a = [6, 10, 6, 8, 7, 8];

midterm_grades_a = [82, 95, 89];

final_exam_grade_a = 81;

sorted_quizzes_a = sort(quiz_grades_a);

top_5_quizzes_a = sorted_quizzes_a(2:6);

average_top_5_quizzes_a = mean(top_5_quizzes_a);

quiz_component_a = 0.30 * average_top_5_quizzes_a * 10;

average_midterm_grade_a = mean(midterm_grades_a);

if average_midterm_grade_a > final_exam_grade_a

midterm_component_a = 0.50 * average_midterm_grade_a;

final_exam_component_a = 0.20 * final_exam_grade_a;

else

midterm_component_a = 0.20 * average_midterm_grade_a;

final_exam_component_a = 0.50 * final_exam_grade_a;

end

overall_grade_numerical_a = quiz_component_a + midterm_component_a + final_exam_component_a;

if overall_grade_numerical_a >= 90

le er_grade_a = 'A';

elseif overall_grade_numerical_a >= 80

le er_grade_a = 'B';

elseif overall_grade_numerical_a >= 70

le er_grade_a = 'C';

elseif overall_grade_numerical_a >= 60

le er_grade_a = 'D';

else
le er_grade_a = 'E';

end

disp(['Numerical Course Grade (a): ', num2str(overall_grade_numerical_a)]);

disp(['Le er Grade (a): ', le er_grade_a]);

disp(' ');

disp('--- Case (b) ---');

quiz_grades_b = [9, 5, 8, 8, 7, 6];

midterm_grades_b = [78, 82, 75];

final_exam_grade_b = 81;

sorted_quizzes_b = sort(quiz_grades_b);

top_5_quizzes_b = sorted_quizzes_b(2:6);

average_top_5_quizzes_b = mean(top_5_quizzes_b);

quiz_component_b = 0.30 * average_top_5_quizzes_b * 10;

average_midterm_grade_b = mean(midterm_grades_b);

if average_midterm_grade_b > final_exam_grade_b

midterm_component_b = 0.50 * average_midterm_grade_b;

final_exam_component_b = 0.20 * final_exam_grade_b;

else

midterm_component_b = 0.20 * average_midterm_grade_b;

final_exam_component_b = 0.50 * final_exam_grade_b;

end

overall_grade_numerical_b = quiz_component_b + midterm_component_b + final_exam_component_b;

if overall_grade_numerical_b >= 90

le er_grade_b = 'A';

elseif overall_grade_numerical_b >= 80

le er_grade_b = 'B';

elseif overall_grade_numerical_b >= 70

le er_grade_b = 'C';

elseif overall_grade_numerical_b >= 60

le er_grade_b = 'D';

else

le er_grade_b = 'E';

end

disp(['Numerical Course Grade (b): ', num2str(overall_grade_numerical_b)]);

disp(['Le er Grade (b): ', le er_grade_b]);

Q.9 Write a MATLAB code to create a func on named ‘SquareMatrix’ that will take the input as an integer ‘N’ and
gives the output as a N×N matrix where the (𝑖,𝑗)th element is 𝑖2 + 𝑗2 using the concept of loops (for/while). Show the
MATLAB output for a square matrix of order 10×10.

func on output_matrix = SquareMatrix(N)

output_matrix = zeros(N, N); % Ini alize an NxN matrix with zeros

for i = 1:N

for j = 1:N

output_matrix(i, j) = i^2 + j^2;

end

end

end

order = 10;

result_matrix = SquareMatrix(order);

disp(['Square Matrix of order ', num2str(order), 'x', num2str(order), ':']);

disp(result_matrix);

Q. 10 Given the differen al equa on: +12 +15𝑥=35 ; 𝑡≥0 Using MATLAB program, find: 𝑥(𝑡) when 𝑥(0) = 0 and
𝑥̇(0)=1.

func on un tled

odefun = @(t, y) [y(2); -12*y(2) - 15*y(1) + 35];

ini al_condi ons = [0; 1]; % [x(0); x'(0)]

tspan = [0, 10];

[t, y] = ode45(odefun, tspan, ini al_condi ons);

x_t = y(:, 1);

figure;

plot(t, x_t);

xlabel('Time (t)');

ylabel('x(t)');

tle('Solu on of the Differen al Equa on');

grid on;

end