ILOILO DOCTORS’ COLLEGE

COLLEGE OF NURSING
WEST AVENUE, MOLO, ILOILO CITY

Drug Name Classification and Indications and Side Effects and Adverse Special Precautions Nursing Responsibilities
Mechanism of Action Contraindications Effects
Generic Name: Classifications: Indications: Side Effects: Use cautiously in patients  Observe the 10 rights of
chlorpromazine Antipsychotic (typical) To manage symptoms  dry mouth with: medication administration.
of psychotic disorders  dizziness  Severe asthma or  Inform patient that drug
or control manic emphysema increases sensitivity to
Trade/Brand Name: Mechanism of Action: manifestations of  Acute respiratory sunlight; tell him to stay out
Thorazine The drug depresses brain manic-depression in Adverse Effects: tract infections of the sun as much as
areas controlling aggression outpatients  CNS: Drowsiness,  cardiovascular, possible and to protect his
and activity, prevents extrapyramidal reactions hepatic, or renal skin.
nausea and vomiting by (such as dystonia, fever, disease  Monitor patient for
Dosage: 30-75 mg/tab blocking dopamine Contraindications: motor restlessness,  glaucoma increased sensitivity to
receptors, and may relieve  Comatose states; pseudoparkinsonism, and  pregnant or drug’s CNS effects if patient
anxiety by reducing arousal  hypersensitivity to tardive dyskinesia), breastfeeding has a history of hepatic
and increasing filtering of chlorpromazine, neuroleptic malignant patients. encephalopathy from
Route: PO stimuli. phenothiazines, or syndrome, seizures cirrhosis.
their components;  GI: Constipation, ileus,  Assess for signs and
 use of large nausea symptoms of overdose.
References: amounts of CNS  GU: Amenorrhea,  Tell patient drug may cause
Frequency and Nurse’s Drug Handbook depressants ejaculation disorders, blurred vision, dizziness,
Timing: Jones & Bartlett Learning impotence, priapism, and drowsiness (especially
BID 8-6 or QID 8-12- (2022) urine retention during the first few days of
4-8  HEME: Agranulocytosis, therapy.
aplastic anemia,  Tell patient not to take drug
eosinophilia, hemolytic within 2 hours of an antacid.
anemia, leukopenia, Advise him to take drug
pancytopenia, with food or a full glass of
thrombocytopenic milk or water.
purpura  Tell patient to avoid alcohol
because of possible additive
effects and hypotension.

Drug Study
Drug Name Classification and Indications and Side Effects and Special Precautions Nursing Responsibilities
Mechanism of Action Contraindications Adverse Effects
ILOILO DOCTORS’ COLLEGE
COLLEGE OF NURSING
WEST AVENUE, MOLO, ILOILO CITY

Generic Name: Classifications: Indications: Side Effects: Use cautiously in patients  Observe the 10 rights of
olanzapine Antipsychotic (atypical)  Schizophrenia  dry mouth with: medication administration.
 Bipolar I disorder  dizziness  hepatic impairment,  Tell patient he may take
Mechanism of Action:  Agitation associated cardiovascular or without regard to meals.
Trade/Brand Name: May achieve with schizophrenia Adverse Effects: cerebrovascular  When administering as
Zyprexa antipsychotic effects by and bipolar I mania  CNS: Abnormal gait, disease, diabetes combination therapy, give
antagonizing dopamine  Depressive episodes agitation, akathisia, altered mellitus, prostatic in the evening.
and serotonin receptors. associated with thermoregulation, amnesia, hypertrophy, angle-  Watch for signs and
Dosage: 5-10 mg/tab Anticholinergic effects bipolar I disorder anxiety, asthenia, dizziness, closure glaucoma, symptoms of neuroleptic
may result from  Treatment-resistant euphoria, fatigue, fever, phenylketonuria (with malignant syndrome (fever,
competitive binding to depression headache, hypertonia, orally disintegrating respiratory distress,
and antagonism of the insomnia, motor and tablets) tachycardia, seizures,
Route: PO muscarinic receptors M1 sensory instability,  history of seizures, diaphoresis, hypertension
through M5. Contraindications: nervousness, neuroleptic paralytic ileus, or or hypotension, tiredness,
 hypersensitivity malignant syndrome, suicide attempt severe muscle stiffness,
References: restless leg, syndrome,  elderly patients loss of bladder control).
Frequency and Nurse’s Drug Handbook restlessness, somnolence,  pregnant or  Monitor patient for
Timing: Jones & Bartlett stuttering, suicidal ideation, breastfeeding patients increased sensitivity to
HS 8 Learning (2022); syncope, tardive dyskinesia,  children younger than drug’s CNS effects if
McGraw-Hill Nurse's thirst, tremor age 18 (safety not patient has a history of
Drug Handbook,  CV: Bradycardia, chest established). hepatic encephalopathy
Seventh Edition (2013) pain, elevated triglyceride from cirrhosis.
levels, hyperlipidemia  Be aware that the
 GI: Abdominal pain, possibility of a suicide
cholestatic or mixed liver attempt is inherent in
injury, constipation, patients with schizophrenia
dysphagia, elevated liver or bipolar I disorder; close
enzymes, hepatitis, supervision of high-risk
increased appetite, jaundice, patients should accompany
nausea, pancreatitis, drug therapy.
vomiting  Caution patient to avoid
 GU: Priapism, urinary driving and other hazardous
incontinence, UTI activities.
Drug Name Classification and Indications and Side Effects and Adverse Special Precautions Nursing Responsibilities
Mechanism of Action Contraindications Effects
ILOILO DOCTORS’ COLLEGE
COLLEGE OF NURSING
WEST AVENUE, MOLO, ILOILO CITY

Generic Name: Classifications: Indications: Side Effects: Use cautiously in patients  Observe the 10 rights of
aripiprazole New Generation  Schizophrenia  fatigue with: medication administration.
antipsychotic  Acute manic and  dizziness  cerebrovascular  Give with or without food.
mixed episodes  blurred vision disease, hypotension,  Don’t administer with
Trade/Brand Name: Mechanism of Action: associated with seizure disorder, grapefruit juice.
Abilify May produce bipolar disorder Adverse Effects: suicidal ideation  Watch for signs and
antipsychotic effects  Agitation associated  CNS: dizziness, insomnia,  high risk for symptoms of neuroleptic
through partial agonist with schizophrenia akathisia, agitation, anxiety, aspiration pneumonia malignant syndrome (fever,
Dosage: and antagonist actions. and bipolar mania headache, light headedness,  neuroleptic malignant respiratory distress,
10-15 mg/tab Aripiprazole acts as a  Adjunctive drowsiness, tremor, tardive syndrome, tardive tachycardia, seizures,
partial agonist at treatment of major dyskinesia, seizures, dyskinesia, diabetes diaphoresis, hypertension
dopamine (especially D2) depressive disorder neuroleptic malignant mellitus or hypotension, tiredness,
receptors and serotonin syndrome, increased suicide  leukopenia, severe muscle stiffness,
Route: PO (especially 5 HT1A) Contraindications: risk neutropenia, loss of bladder control).
receptors. The drug acts  Hypersensitivity to  CV: orthostatic hypotension, agranulocytosis  Instruct patient to
as an antagonist at 5- aripiprazole or its hypertension, peripheral  pregnant or immediately contact
HT2A serotonin receptor components edema, chest pain, breastfeeding patients prescriber if he experiences
Frequency and sites. bradycardia, tachycardia  elderly patients (with depression or has suicidal
Timing:  EENT: rhinitis dementia-related thoughts or altered mental
OD 8 References:  GI: nausea, vomiting, psychosis) status.
Nurse’s Drug Handbook diarrhea, constipation,  children, adolescents,  Be aware that the
Jones & Bartlett jaundice, abdominal pain, and young adults with possibility of a suicide
Learning (2022); esophageal motility major depressive attempt is inherent in
McGraw-Hill Nurse's disorders, dysphagia disorder patients with schizophrenia
Drug Handbook, Seventh  GU: urinary incontinence or bipolar I disorder; close
Edition (2013)  Respiratory: cough supervision of high-risk
 Skin: rash patients should accompany
 Other: fever, drug therapy.
hypersensitivity reactions  Caution patient to avoid
(including anaphylaxis) driving and other hazardous
activities until he knows
how drug affects
concentration and alertness.
 Tell patient that drug may
cause urinary incontinence.
 Caution patient to avoid
ILOILO DOCTORS’ COLLEGE
COLLEGE OF NURSING
WEST AVENUE, MOLO, ILOILO CITY

strenuous exercise and hot

environments whenever
possible.
 Instruct patient to move
slowly when rising to avoid
dizziness from sudden
blood pressure decrease.
 As appropriate, review all
other significant and life-
threatening adverse
reactions and interactions,
especially those related to
the drugs, herbs, and
behaviors mentioned
above.

Drug Name Classification and Indications and Side Effects and Special Precautions Nursing Responsibilities
Mechanism of Action Contraindications Adverse Effects
ILOILO DOCTORS’ COLLEGE
COLLEGE OF NURSING
WEST AVENUE, MOLO, ILOILO CITY

Generic Name: Classifications: Indications: Side Effects: Use cautiously in patients  Observe the 10 rights of
diazepam Benzodiazepine;  Anxiety disorders  drowsiness with: medication administration.
anxiolytic  Status epilepticus  dizziness  hepatic dysfunction,  Inform patient he may take
and severe  blurred vision severe renal drug with or without food;
Trade/Brand Name: Mechanism of Action: recurrent  fatigue  impairment recommend taking it with
Valium Produces anxiolytic convulsive  elderly patients food if it causes stomach
effect and CNS seizures Adverse Effects:  pregnant or upset.
depression by stimulating  Acute alcohol  GI: Abdominal discomfort, breastfeeding patients  Caution patient to avoid
Dosage: 2-10 mg/tab gamma-aminobutyric withdrawal constipation, decreased (use not driving and other hazardous
acid receptors. Relaxes appetite, diarrhea, difficulty recommended) activities until he knows
skeletal muscles of spine swallowing, GI bleeding,  children how drug affects
by inhibiting gastroesophageal reflux concentration and alertness.
Route: PO polysynaptic afferent Contraindications: disease, hepatitis, hiccups,  Monitor vital signs and
pathways. Controls  Hypersensitivity indigestion, jaundice, nausea, respiratory and neurologic
seizures by enhancing to drug, other vomiting status.
presynaptic inhibition. benzodiazepines,  GU: Decreased or increased  Instruct patient to move
Frequency and alcohol, or libido, erectile dysfunction, slowly when sitting up or
Timing: References: tartrazine menstrual disorders, nocturia, standing, to avoid dizziness
BID 8-6, up to QID Nurse’s Drug Handbook  Coma or CNS priapism, renal failure, from blood pressure
8-12-4-8 Jones & Bartlett depression urinary incontinence or decrease. Advise him to
Learning (2022);  Narrow-angle retention dangle legs briefly before
McGraw-Hill Nurse's glaucoma  MS: Arthralgia, joint getting out of bed.
Drug Handbook, Seventh stiffness, muscle spasms or  Avoid sudden drug
Edition (2013) weakness, musculoskeletal withdrawal. Taper dosage
pain, myalgia gradually to termination of
 RESP: Apnea, aspiration, therapy.
asthma, cough, dyspnea,  As appropriate, review all
pneumonia, respiratory other significant and life-
failure threatening adverse
 SKIN: Alopecia, diaphoresis, reactions and interactions,
dry skin, ecchymosis, especially those related to
photosensitivity, pruritus, the drugs, tests, herbs, and
rash, ulceration, urticaria behaviors mentioned above.
ILOILO DOCTORS’ COLLEGE
COLLEGE OF NURSING
WEST AVENUE, MOLO, ILOILO CITY

Drug Name Classification and Indications and Side Effects and Adverse Special Precautions Nursing Responsibilities
ILOILO DOCTORS’ COLLEGE
COLLEGE OF NURSING
WEST AVENUE, MOLO, ILOILO CITY

Mechanism of Action Contraindications Effects

Generic Name: Classifications: Indications: Side Effects: Use cautiously in patients  Observe the 10 rights of
eszopiclone Nonbenzodiazepine;  Insomnia  headache with: medication administration.
anxiolytic  lightheadedness  hepatic impairment,  Instruct patient not to
Trade/Brand Name: Contraindications: respiratory exceed prescribed
Lunesta Mechanism of Action:  complex sleep Adverse Effects: compromise, eszopiclone dosage and not
May potentiate effects of behaviors with  CNS: headache, anxiety, depression to stop drug abruptly
the inhibitory eszopiclone past confusion, depression,  pregnant or because withdrawal
Dosage: neurotransmitter gamma- administration dizziness, hallucinations, breastfeeding patients symptoms may occur.
10 mg/tab aminobutyric acid  hypersensitivity to nervousness, abnormal  children younger than  Advise patient to take drug
(GABA) by binding eszopiclone or its dreams age 18 (safety and immediately before
close to or with components  CV: chest pain, peripheral efficacy not bedtime.
benzodiazepine receptors edema established)  Warn patient, especially if
Route: PO in cortical and limbic  GI: nausea, vomiting,  severe mental debilitated or elderly, that
areas of the CNS. By diarrhea, dyspepsia, depression or reduced drug may impair motor
binding to these receptor cholelithiasis, dry mouth respiratory function; and/or cognitive
sites and areas,  GU: urinary tract infection, drug may intensify performance increasing risk
Frequency and eszopiclone increases decreased libido, mental depression and of falls. Advise patient to
Timing: GABA’s inhibitory dysmenorrhea, lead to respiratory avoid potentially hazardous
HS 8 effects and blocks gynecomastia (in males) depression. activities until drug’s CNS
cortical and limbic  Respiratory: respiratory effects are known.
arousal, thereby inducing infection  Explain that sleep may be
and maintaining sleep.  Skin: rash, pruritus disturbed for the first few
 Other: unpleasant taste, viral nights after therapy stops.
References: infection, neuralgia, facial  Instruct patient not to take
Nurse’s Drug Handbook edema, allergic reaction drug with or immediately
Jones & Bartlett after a heavy, high-fat
Learning (2022); meal.
McGraw-Hill Nurse's  As appropriate, review all
Drug Handbook, Seventh other significant adverse
Edition (2013) reactions and interactions,
especially those related to
the drugs, foods, and
behaviors mentioned
above.
ILOILO DOCTORS’ COLLEGE
COLLEGE OF NURSING
WEST AVENUE, MOLO, ILOILO CITY

Drug Name Classification and Indications and Side Effects and Adverse Special Nursing Responsibilities
Mechanism of Action Contraindications Effects Precautions
Generic Name: Classifications: Indications: Side Effects: Use cautiously in  Observe the 10 rights of
imipramine Tricyclic antidepressant  depression  dry mouth patients with: medication administration.
(TCA)  drowsiness  cardiovascular  Frequently assess for adverse
disease, reactions during first 2 hours of
Trade/Brand Name: Adverse Effects: prostatic therapy.
Tofranil Mechanism of Action: Contraindications:  CNS: Anxiety, ataxia, chills, enlargement,  Know that when drug is used for
May interfere with  Hypersensitivity to confusion, CVA, delirium, seizures, depression, expect mood
reuptake of serotonin drug or bisulfites dizziness, drowsiness, urinary elevation to take 2 to 3 weeks.
Dosage: 75 mg/cap (and possibly other  Untreated angle- excitation, extrapyramidal retention Watch patient closely for
neurotransmitters) at closure glaucoma reactions, fever,  elderly suicidal tendencies, especially
presynaptic neurons, thus  MAO inhibitor use hallucinations, headache, patients children and adolescents and
enhancing serotonin’s within past 14 days insomnia, nervousness,  pregnant or especially when therapy starts or
Route: PO effects at postsynaptic nightmares, Parkinsonism, breastfeeding dosage changes, because
receptors. Mood seizures, serotonin patients. depression may worsen
elevation may result from syndrome, suicidal ideation, temporarily at these times.
restoration of normal tremor  Instruct patient to eat small,
Frequency and Timing: levels of  CV: Arrhythmias, orthostatic frequent meals to minimize GI
OD HS 8 neurotransmitters at hypotension, palpitations upset.
nerve  EENT: Blurred vision, dry  Advise patient to take
synapses. This tricyclic mouth, increased intraocular imipramine exactly as
antidepressant also pressure, pharyngitis, taste prescribed. Warn that stopping
blocks acetylcholine perversion, tinnitus, tongue drug abruptly may cause
receptors, which may swelling headache, malaise, nausea,
explain how it relieves  ENDO: Gynecomastia, trouble sleeping, and vomiting.
enuresis. syndrome of inappropriate  Caution patient to avoid
ADH secretion hazardous activities until drug’s
References:  GI: Constipation, diarrhea, CNS effects are known.
Nurse’s Drug Handbook heartburn, ileus, increased  Urge patient to avoid alcohol
Jones & Bartlett appetite, jaundice, nausea, during imipramine therapy
Learning (2022) vomiting because it increases alcohol
effects and CNS depression.
ILOILO DOCTORS’ COLLEGE
COLLEGE OF NURSING
WEST AVENUE, MOLO, ILOILO CITY

Drug Name Classification and Indications and Side Effects and Adverse Special Nursing Responsibilities
Mechanism of Action Contraindications Effects Precautions
Generic Name: Classifications: Indications: Side Effects: Use cautiously in  Observe the 10 rights of
sertraline Antidepressant; Selective  Depression  dizziness patients with: medication administration
serotonin reuptake  Panic disorder  drowsiness  hepatic or renal  Instruct/inform family or
inhibitors (SSRIs)  OCD  dry mouth dysfunction or caregivers of the increase
Trade/Brand Name:  PTSD  diaphoresis to patients with in suicidal risk for patients
Zoloft  Social Anxiety seizure who takes antidepressant,
Mechanism of Action: Disorder Adverse Effects: disorders. during first few months of
Antidepressant effect  Premenstrual  CNS: impaired  Suicidal risk therapy.
Dosage: 50 mg/tab likely due to inhibition of dysphoric disorder concentration, agitation,  Instruct patient to notify
CNS neuronal uptake of anxiety, confusion, the physician if headache,
serotonin and to a less manic reaction weakness, nausea,
extent norepinephrine and  Ophthalmic: anorexia, anxiety, or
Route: PO dopamine. Results in Contraindications: blurred/abnormal vision insomnia persists.
increased levels of  Hypersensitivity  GU: sexual dysfunction  Instruct patient to take
serotonin in synapses. medication only as
directed, or take missed
Frequency and Timing: doses as soon as possible.
OD 8 References: Do not double dose.
MIMS Philippines. (2017)  Instruct patient to take
Delmar Nurse’s Drug medication with or without
handbook (2010) food and in the evening if
sedation is noted.
 Advise patient to wear
sunscreen and protective
clothing to prevent
photosensitivity reactions.
 Advise patient to avoid
alcohol during therapy and
avoid activities that
require alertness until
response to the drug is
known.
ILOILO DOCTORS’ COLLEGE
COLLEGE OF NURSING
WEST AVENUE, MOLO, ILOILO CITY

Drug Name Classification and Indications and Side Effects and Adverse Special Precautions Nursing Responsibilities
Mechanism of Action Contraindications Effects
Generic Name: Classifications: Indications: Side Effects: Use cautiously in  Observe the 10 rights of
tranylcypromine Antidepressant;  Major depressive  dizziness patients with: medication administration
Monoamine oxidase disorder  drowsiness  epilepsy  Educate the patient about
inhibitors (MAOIs)  dry mouth  DM the importance of taking
Trade/Brand Name:  headache  Hyperthyroidism the medication as directed
Parnate  appetite changes  CV disease in and the potential
Mechanism of Action: Contraindications: whom physical consequences of missing
Tranylcypromine  Hypersensitivity Adverse Effects: activity should doses.
Dosage: 10 mg/tab increases epinephrine,  Porphyria  Insomnia, postural HTN, be regulated  Be particularly vigilant for
norepinephrine and  actual or suspected drowsiness, dizziness,  history of drug signs of hypertensive
serotonin concentration in cerebrovascular fatigue, dry mouth, or alcohol crisis, which is a severe
storage sites throughout disease blurred vision, headache, dependence elevation in blood
Route: PO the nervous system  severe CV disease diarrhoea, nausea, pressure that can occur
through inhibition of the  actual or suspected vomiting, sleep when Parnate is taken
enzyme, monoamine phaeochromocytoma disturbance, rash, with certain foods or
oxidase.  hyperthyroidism overstimulation (e.g. medications containing
Frequency and Timing:  blood dyscrasias agitation and anxiety, tyramine.
BID 8-6 References:  liver damage developing rarely into  Instruct patient to take
MIMS Philippines. (2017) hypomanias). medication only as
 Rarely, hepatocellular directed.
damage, jaundice,  Monitor for the presence
hallucinations, blood of symptoms of
dyscrasias. hypertensive crisis
including severe
headache, palpitations,
chest pain, nausea,
vomiting, and sweating.
 Advise patient to avoid
alcohol during therapy and
avoid activities that
require alertness until
response to the drug is
known.