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Dynamometer-and-Measurement-of-Power-Flow-and-Humidity

The document provides an overview of dynamometers, which are devices used to measure force, torque, or power output in mechanical systems, particularly in automotive and industrial applications. It details types of dynamometers, including absorption and transmission dynamometers, and explains power measurement units and flow measurement devices. Additionally, it covers humidity measurement, including devices like hygrometers and psychrometers.

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Jane Roth Gallibot
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8 views

Dynamometer-and-Measurement-of-Power-Flow-and-Humidity

The document provides an overview of dynamometers, which are devices used to measure force, torque, or power output in mechanical systems, particularly in automotive and industrial applications. It details types of dynamometers, including absorption and transmission dynamometers, and explains power measurement units and flow measurement devices. Additionally, it covers humidity measurement, including devices like hygrometers and psychrometers.

Uploaded by

Jane Roth Gallibot
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DYNAMOMETER AND POWER resistance created by the fluid movement is

MEASUREMENTS, MEASUREMENT OF FLOW used to measure power output.


AND HUMIDITY
b. Transmission Dynamometer
DYNAMOMETER
A transmission dynamometer is a type of
A dynamometer is a device used to measure dynamometer that measures power output
force, torque, or power output, particularly in without dissipating energy as heat. Instead, it
engines, motors, or other mechanical systems. measures torque and rotational speed while
It is commonly used in automotive and allowing the mechanical power to continue
industrial applications to assess performance flowing through the system.
and efficiency by evaluating the mechanical
power transmitted by rotating machinery. Types of Transmission Dynamometers:

Operation: It works by converting the force 1. Strain Gauge Dynamometer – Uses strain
exerted on it into a measurable physical gauges attached to a rotating shaft to measure
displacement. This can be done through the slight deformations caused by torque,
mechanisms like a spring (in a spring scale) or a allowing accurate power measurement.
strain gauge (in more advanced models). The
2. Torsion Bar Dynamometer– Measures power
device can measure both tension and
by detecting the angular displacement of a
compression forces.
torsion bar subjected to torque, often used in
TYPES OF DYNAMOMETERS mechanical testing and engine performance
analysis.
a. Absorption Dynamometer

An absorption dynamometer is a type of


dynamometer that absorbs and dissipates the POWER
energy generated by a rotating machine as heat.
Power is the rate at which work is done or
It is used to measure torque and power output
energy is transferred or converted. In simpler
by applying resistance through friction,
terms, it measures how quickly energy is used
electromagnetic forces, or fluid dynamics.
or produced in a given amount of time. Power
Types of Absorption Dynamometers: tells us how much work can be done in a unit of
time, whether it's lifting an object, rotating a
1. Prony Brake Dynamometer– Uses friction to motor, or generating electricity.
absorb energy, typically by pressing brake
blocks against a rotating wheel. The torque is The basic formula for power is:
measured by the force required to hold the
brake stationary.

2. Eddy Current Dynamometer – Uses


electromagnetic resistance to absorb power, Where:
where a rotating conductor induces eddy
currents in a magnetic field, generating • Work is the energy transferred
resistance that slows down the system. (measured in joules, J),

3. Hydraulic Dynamometer – Uses fluid • Time is the duration over which the
resistance to absorb power, where a rotor spins work is done (measured in seconds, s).
inside a water or oil-filled casing, and the
Alternatively, in terms of force and velocity (for typically in watts. It measures the product of
mechanical systems): voltage and current, considering the power
factor in AC circuits.

Dynamometer: A dynamometer is a device


used to measure mechanical force, torque, or
power in engines or motors. It is commonly
used in automotive and industrial applications
Where: to assess performance.

• Force is the force applied (measured in Lamp Meter: A lamp meter is used to measure
newtons, N), the power consumption and operational time of
lamps or lighting systems, often in energy
• Velocity is the speed at which the efficiency assessments.
object moves (measured in meters per
second, m/s). Power Analyzer: A power analyzer is an
advanced instrument used to measure and
analyze various electrical parameters like
voltage, current, power, power factor, and
UNITS USED IN POWER MEASUREMENTS harmonics in electrical systems.
Unit Equivalent Common Use
Value Case
MEASUREMENT OF FLOW
Watt (W) 1 joule per General power
second (1 J/s) measurement Flow is the movement of a substance or energy
in a continuous, often steady manner. It is used
Kilowatt (kW) 1,000 watts (W) Household in various contexts, such as fluid dynamics,
appliances, electricity, and more.
machinery
Units: Fluid Flow
Megawatt (MW) 1,000,000 watts Power plants,
(W) Cubic meters per second (m³/s)
large
generators Liters per second (L/s)
Cubic feet per second (CFS)
Horsepower (hp) 746 watts (W) Engines,
vehicles, Electrical Flow
mechanical Amperes (A) for Current
systems
Mass Flow
kVA/MVA 1,000/1,000,000 Electrical Kilograms per second (kg/s)
volt-amperes systems,
transformers Pound per second (lb/s)

FLOW MEASUREMENT DEVICES


INSTRUMENTS/DEVICES USED IN MEASURING
POWER Orifice Meter – A device that measures fluid
flow by creating a pressure drop across a thin
Wattmeter : A wattmeter is an instrument used plate with a hole (orifice). The flow rate is
to measure the electrical power in a circuit, determined using Bernoulli’s principle.
Venturi Meter – Works on the same principle as Bevan, T. (1995). Theory of machines. Pearson
the orifice meter but uses a gradually narrowing Education.
and expanding tube to measure flow with
minimal pressure loss. Kundur, P. (1994). Power system stability and
control. McGraw-Hill.
Rotameter – A variable area flow meter that
uses a float inside a tapered tube; the float's Chapman, S. J. (2021). Electric machinery
position indicates the flow rate. fundamentals (6th ed.). McGraw-Hill.

Turbine Flow Meter – Uses a turbine placed in Mehta, V. K., & Mehta, R. (2014). Principles of
the fluid stream, where the rotational speed of Electrical Machines. S. Chand Publishing.
the turbine blades is proportional to the flow
Rattan, S. S. (2014). *Theory of machines* (4th
rate.
ed.). McGraw-Hill Education.

Ghosh, A., & Mallik, A. K. (2011). *Theory of


MEASUREMENT OF HUMIDITY mechanisms and machines* (3rd ed.). Oxford
University Press.
Humidity is the amount of water vapor present
in the air. It is a key factor in weather, climate, Holman, J. P. (2010). Experimental methods for
and human comfort. engineers (8th ed.). McGraw-Hill.

Units: Grams per cubic meter (g/m³) for Rogers, G. F. C., & Mayhew, Y. R. (1995).
absolute humidity Engineering thermodynamics: Work and heat
transfer (4th ed.). Pearson Education.
Percentage (%) for relative humidity

HUMIDITY MEASUREMENT DEVICES

Hygrometer – A general device used to


measure humidity levels in the air, often used in
meteorology and HVAC systems.

Psychrometer – Consists of a dry bulb and wet


bulb thermometer to measure relative humidity
by calculating the temperature difference
between the two readings.

Dew Point Meter – Measures the temperature


at which air becomes saturated with moisture
and condensation begins to form, indicating the
dew point.

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