100-numpy-exercises

March 25, 2025

1 100 numpy exercises

This is a collection of exercises that have been collected in the numpy mailing list, on stack overflow
and in the numpy documentation. The goal of this collection is to offer a quick reference for both
old and new users but also to provide a set of exercises for those who teach.
If you find an error or think you’ve a better way to solve some of them, feel free to open an issue
at https://github.com/rougier/numpy-100.
File automatically generated. See the documentation to update questions/answers/hints program-
matically.
Run the initialize.py module, then for each question you can query the answer or an hint with
hint(n) or answer(n) for n question number.
[ ]: %run initialise.py

1. Import the numpy package under the name np (���)

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2. Print the numpy version and the configuration (���)

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3. Create a null vector of size 10 (���)

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4. How to find the memory size of any array (���)

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5. How to get the documentation of the numpy add function from the command line?
(���)
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6. Create a null vector of size 10 but the fifth value which is 1 (���)
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1
7. Create a vector with values ranging from 10 to 49 (���)
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8. Reverse a vector (first element becomes last) (���)

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9. Create a 3x3 matrix with values ranging from 0 to 8 (���)

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10. Find indices of non-zero elements from [1,2,0,0,4,0] (���)

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11. Create a 3x3 identity matrix (���)

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12. Create a 3x3x3 array with random values (���)

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13. Create a 10x10 array with random values and find the minimum and maximum
values (���)
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14. Create a random vector of size 30 and find the mean value (���)
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15. Create a 2d array with 1 on the border and 0 inside (���)

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16. How to add a border (filled with 0’s) around an existing array? (���)
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17. What is the result of the following expression? (���)

0 * np.nan
np.nan == np.nan
np.inf > np.nan
np.nan - np.nan
np.nan in set([np.nan])
0.3 == 3 * 0.1

2
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18. Create a 5x5 matrix with values 1,2,3,4 just below the diagonal (���)
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19. Create a 8x8 matrix and fill it with a checkerboard pattern (���)
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20. Consider a (6,7,8) shape array, what is the index (x,y,z) of the 100th element?
(���)
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21. Create a checkerboard 8x8 matrix using the tile function (���)
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22. Normalize a 5x5 random matrix (���)

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23. Create a custom dtype that describes a color as four unsigned bytes (RGBA) (���)
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24. Multiply a 5x3 matrix by a 3x2 matrix (real matrix product) (���)
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25. Given a 1D array, negate all elements which are between 3 and 8, in place. (���)
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26. What is the output of the following script? (���)

# Author: Jake VanderPlas

print(sum(range(5),-1))
from numpy import *
print(sum(range(5),-1))

[ ]:

3
27. Consider an integer vector Z, which of these expressions are legal? (���)
Z**Z
2 << Z >> 2
Z <- Z
1j*Z
Z/1/1
Z<Z>Z
[ ]:

28. What are the result of the following expressions? (���)

np.array(0) / np.array(0)
np.array(0) // np.array(0)
np.array([np.nan]).astype(int).astype(float)
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29. How to round away from zero a float array ? (���)

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30. How to find common values between two arrays? (���)

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31. How to ignore all numpy warnings (not recommended)? (���)

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32. Is the following expressions true? (���)

np.sqrt(-1) == np.emath.sqrt(-1)
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33. How to get the dates of yesterday, today and tomorrow? (���)
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34. How to get all the dates corresponding to the month of July 2016? (���)
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35. How to compute ((A+B)*(-A/2)) in place (without copy)? (���)

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4
36. Extract the integer part of a random array of positive numbers using 4 different
methods (���)
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37. Create a 5x5 matrix with row values ranging from 0 to 4 (���)
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38. Consider a generator function that generates 10 integers and use it to build an
array (���)
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39. Create a vector of size 10 with values ranging from 0 to 1, both excluded (���)
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40. Create a random vector of size 10 and sort it (���)

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41. How to sum a small array faster than np.sum? (���)

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42. Consider two random array A and B, check if they are equal (���)
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43. Make an array immutable (read-only) (���)

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44. Consider a random 10x2 matrix representing cartesian coordinates, convert them
to polar coordinates (���)
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45. Create random vector of size 10 and replace the maximum value by 0 (���)
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46. Create a structured array with x and y coordinates covering the [0,1]x[0,1] area
(���)
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47. Given two arrays, X and Y, construct the Cauchy matrix C (Cij =1/(xi - yj)) (���)

5
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48. Print the minimum and maximum representable value for each numpy scalar type
(���)
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49. How to print all the values of an array? (���)

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50. How to find the closest value (to a given scalar) in a vector? (���)
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51. Create a structured array representing a position (x,y) and a color (r,g,b) (���)
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52. Consider a random vector with shape (100,2) representing coordinates, find point
by point distances (���)
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53. How to convert a float (32 bits) array into an integer (32 bits) in place?
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54. How to read the following file? (���)

1, 2, 3, 4, 5
6, , , 7, 8
, , 9,10,11
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55. What is the equivalent of enumerate for numpy arrays? (���)

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56. Generate a generic 2D Gaussian-like array (���)

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57. How to randomly place p elements in a 2D array? (���)

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58. Subtract the mean of each row of a matrix (���)

6
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59. How to sort an array by the nth column? (���)

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60. How to tell if a given 2D array has null columns? (���)

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61. Find the nearest value from a given value in an array (���)
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62. Considering two arrays with shape (1,3) and (3,1), how to compute their sum
using an iterator? (���)
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63. Create an array class that has a name attribute (���)

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64. Consider a given vector, how to add 1 to each element indexed by a second vector
(be careful with repeated indices)? (���)
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65. How to accumulate elements of a vector (X) to an array (F) based on an index
list (I)? (���)
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66. Considering a (w,h,3) image of (dtype=ubyte), compute the number of unique

colors (���)
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67. Considering a four dimensions array, how to get sum over the last two axis at
once? (���)
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68. Considering a one-dimensional vector D, how to compute means of subsets of D

using a vector S of same size describing subset indices? (���)
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69. How to get the diagonal of a dot product? (���)

7
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70. Consider the vector [1, 2, 3, 4, 5], how to build a new vector with 3 consecutive
zeros interleaved between each value? (���)
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71. Consider an array of dimension (5,5,3), how to mulitply it by an array with

dimensions (5,5)? (���)
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72. How to swap two rows of an array? (���)

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73. Consider a set of 10 triplets describing 10 triangles (with shared vertices), find
the set of unique line segments composing all the triangles (���)
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74. Given a sorted array C that corresponds to a bincount, how to produce an array
A such that np.bincount(A) == C? (���)
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75. How to compute averages using a sliding window over an array? (���)
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76. Consider a one-dimensional array Z, build a two-dimensional array whose first

row is (Z[0],Z[1],Z[2]) and each subsequent row is shifted by 1 (last row should be
(Z[-3],Z[-2],Z[-1]) (���)
[ ]:

77. How to negate a boolean, or to change the sign of a float inplace? (���)
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78. Consider 2 sets of points P0,P1 describing lines (2d) and a point p, how to compute
distance from p to each line i (P0[i],P1[i])? (���)
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79. Consider 2 sets of points P0,P1 describing lines (2d) and a set of points P, how to
compute distance from each point j (P[j]) to each line i (P0[i],P1[i])? (���)
[ ]:

8
80. Consider an arbitrary array, write a function that extract a subpart with a fixed
shape and centered on a given element (pad with a fill value when necessary) (���)
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81. Consider an array Z = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14], how to generate an array

R = [[1,2,3,4], [2,3,4,5], [3,4,5,6], …, [11,12,13,14]]? (���)
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82. Compute a matrix rank (���)

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83. How to find the most frequent value in an array?

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84. Extract all the contiguous 3x3 blocks from a random 10x10 matrix (���)
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85. Create a 2D array subclass such that Z[i,j] == Z[j,i] (���)

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86. Consider a set of p matrices with shape (n,n) and a set of p vectors with shape
(n,1). How to compute the sum of of the p matrix products at once? (result has shape
(n,1)) (���)
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87. Consider a 16x16 array, how to get the block-sum (block size is 4x4)? (���)
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88. How to implement the Game of Life using numpy arrays? (���)
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89. How to get the n largest values of an array (���)

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90. Given an arbitrary number of vectors, build the cartesian product (every combi-
nations of every item) (���)
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91. How to create a record array from a regular array? (���)

9
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92. Consider a large vector Z, compute Z to the power of 3 using 3 different methods
(���)
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93. Consider two arrays A and B of shape (8,3) and (2,2). How to find rows of A that
contain elements of each row of B regardless of the order of the elements in B? (���)
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94. Considering a 10x3 matrix, extract rows with unequal values (e.g. [2,2,3]) (���)
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95. Convert a vector of ints into a matrix binary representation (���)

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96. Given a two dimensional array, how to extract unique rows? (���)
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97. Considering 2 vectors A & B, write the einsum equivalent of inner, outer, sum,
and mul function (���)
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98. Considering a path described by two vectors (X,Y), how to sample it using equidis-
tant samples (���)?
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99. Given an integer n and a 2D array X, select from X the rows which can be
interpreted as draws from a multinomial distribution with n degrees, i.e., the rows
which only contain integers and which sum to n. (���)
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100. Compute bootstrapped 95% confidence intervals for the mean of a 1D array X
(i.e., resample the elements of an array with replacement N times, compute the mean
of each sample, and then compute percentiles over the means). (���)
[ ]:

10