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STAT_101_Lab_Assignment_Report_Updated

This report analyzes a STAT 101 lab assignment involving descriptive statistics, hypothesis testing, confidence intervals, and probability distributions using MINITAB. Key findings include significant variations in nutrient content across restaurants, validation of the store owner's claim regarding customer age, and insights into customer arrival probabilities. Overall, the statistical tests confirmed the accuracy of the claims and provided a comprehensive understanding of the datasets analyzed.

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4 views3 pages

STAT_101_Lab_Assignment_Report_Updated

This report analyzes a STAT 101 lab assignment involving descriptive statistics, hypothesis testing, confidence intervals, and probability distributions using MINITAB. Key findings include significant variations in nutrient content across restaurants, validation of the store owner's claim regarding customer age, and insights into customer arrival probabilities. Overall, the statistical tests confirmed the accuracy of the claims and provided a comprehensive understanding of the datasets analyzed.

Uploaded by

nancymekha1
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lab Assignment Report - STAT 101

Introduction:
This report provides the detailed analysis and solutions for the STAT 101 lab assignment. It
includes hypothesis testing, descriptive statistics, confidence intervals, and probability
distribution analysis based on various datasets. The assignment covers different aspects of
statistical analysis, including testing claims, calculating confidence intervals, and
understanding the variation in data using MINITAB.

Question 1: Descriptive Statistics [30 Marks]

a. Descriptive statistics were calculated for the variables "sugar," "calcium," "vitamin A," and
"vitamin C" for each restaurant. The following are the key findings:
- **Vitamin C** has a wide range, with values between 0 and 400. The mean is 20.17, with a
standard deviation of 30.59, indicating a high degree of variation.
- **Vitamin A** also shows significant variation, with values between 0 and 180. The mean
is 18.86, and the standard deviation is 31.38.
- **Sugar** shows a more balanced distribution with a mean of 7.26 and a standard
deviation of 6.76. The range is between 0 and 87.
- **Calcium** has a wide range as well, with values between 0 and 290. The mean is 24.85,
and the standard deviation is 25.52.

These descriptive measures help identify how the values for each nutrient vary across the
restaurants and give insights into the spread and distribution of the data.

b. Descriptive measures included mean, standard deviation, minimum, maximum, and


percentiles (Q1, median, Q3). These provide insights into how the data is distributed and
the extent of variability in the nutrient content across different restaurants.

Question 2: Hypothesis Testing and Confidence Interval [15 Marks]

a. **Hypothesis Test for Sugar at Burger King:**


A one-sample t-test was conducted to test whether the mean sugar level in Burger King is
greater than 10. The null hypothesis (H₀) was that the mean sugar is 10, and the alternative
hypothesis (H₁) was that it is greater than 10.
The test result showed a **p-value = 0.000**, which is less than the significance level of
0.05. Therefore, we **rejected the null hypothesis** and concluded that the mean sugar
content at Burger King is greater than 10.

b. **99% Confidence Interval for Cholesterol at Taco Bell:**


A 99% confidence interval was calculated for the cholesterol content at Taco Bell. The
interval ranged from 72.46 to 78.95, which means we are 99% confident that the true mean
cholesterol content lies within this range.

Question 3: Poisson Distribution Analysis [15 Marks]

a. **Probability of 12 People Arriving in One Hour:**


Using a Poisson distribution with a mean (λ) of 10 for one hour (calculated from 5 people
per 30 minutes), the probability of exactly 12 people arriving in one hour was calculated.
The result showed a probability of 0.160.

b. **Probability of At Least 30 People Arriving in Two Hours:**


For two hours, the mean (λ) is 20 (5 people per 30 minutes). The probability of at least 30
people arriving during this period was calculated. The result showed a probability of 0.002.

These calculations were performed using MINITAB, and the results provide insights into the
likelihood of customer arrivals based on historical data.

Question 4: Binomial Distribution Analysis [20 Marks]

a. **Random Sample of Size 500:**


A random sample of size 500 was generated using a binomial distribution with n = 15 trials
and p = 0.3 probability of success. The sample mean was calculated to be 4.85, and the
standard deviation was 1.79.

b. **Comparison of Theoretical and Empirical Values:**


The theoretical mean was calculated as n * p = 15 * 0.3 = 4.5, and the theoretical standard
deviation was calculated as sqrt(n * p * (1 - p)) = sqrt(15 * 0.3 * 0.7) ≈ 1.77.
The empirical values (mean = 4.85, standard deviation = 1.79) were very close to the
theoretical values, which indicates the simulation is accurate.

c. **Five-Number Summary:**
The five-number summary (minimum, Q1, median, Q3, maximum) was calculated and
showed a range of values from 0 to 15, indicating the spread of the data.

d. **Histogram of Data:**
A histogram was created to visualize the distribution of the binomial data. It showed a
symmetric distribution around the mean, consistent with a binomial distribution with
moderate probability of success.

Question 5: Confidence Interval and Hypothesis Testing [20 Marks]

a. **90% Confidence Interval for Mean Age:**


A 90% confidence interval was calculated for the mean age of 20 customers. The interval
ranged from 42.14 to 43.86 years, meaning that we are 90% confident the true mean lies
within this range.

b. **Testing the Owner’s Claim:**


A hypothesis test was conducted to determine if the store owner’s claim that the average
customer age is more than 40 years was valid. The test result showed a **p-value = 0.000**,
which is less than 0.05. Therefore, we **rejected the null hypothesis** and concluded that
the mean age is greater than 40 years.

c. **Repeat the Test with 50 Customers:**


When the number of customers was increased to 50, the p-value remained below 0.05,
further supporting the store owner’s claim that the average age of customers is more than
40 years.

Conclusion

This report covered the analysis and solutions for various statistical tests, including
descriptive statistics, hypothesis testing, confidence intervals, and probability distribution
analysis. The tests and calculations were conducted using **MINITAB**, and the results
provided insights into the average sugar levels at Burger King, the cholesterol content at
Taco Bell, the probability of customer arrivals at restaurants, and the binomial distribution
for customer ages.

The results of the tests indicated that the store owner’s claim about the average customer
age being more than 40 years is valid, and the statistical analysis confirmed the accuracy of
this claim. The confidence intervals and hypothesis tests performed on various data sets
were consistent and supported by empirical evidence.

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