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Design Patterns in OO ABAP

The document discusses various design patterns in Object-Oriented ABAP, including Singleton, Factory, Decorator, Observer, Facade, and Proxy patterns. Each pattern is explained with its use cases, benefits, and example implementations in ABAP. The document serves as a guide for SAP Technical Consultants to apply these patterns effectively in their projects.

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16 views9 pages

Design Patterns in OO ABAP

The document discusses various design patterns in Object-Oriented ABAP, including Singleton, Factory, Decorator, Observer, Facade, and Proxy patterns. Each pattern is explained with its use cases, benefits, and example implementations in ABAP. The document serves as a guide for SAP Technical Consultants to apply these patterns effectively in their projects.

Uploaded by

mohamedsuhaib.sn
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Abid Ali

SAP Technical Consultant

Design
Patterns
In OO ABAP
Abid Ali
SAP Technical Consultant

Singleton Pattern

The Singleton Pattern ensures that only one instance of a


class exists throughout the program.

When to Use?
✅ Database Connection Management – Prevents multiple
unnecessary connections.
✅ Logging Framework – Ensures centralized logging.
✅ Global Configuration Settings – Stores system-wide
configuration.
✅ Cache Management – Avoids repeated calculations by
storing results.
Abid Ali
SAP Technical Consultant

Singleton Pattern
CLASS zcl_db_connection DEFINITION CREATE PRIVATE.
PUBLIC SECTION.
CLASS-METHODS get_instance RETURNING VALUE(ro_instance)
TYPE REF TO zcl_db_connection.
METHODS execute_query RETURNING VALUE(rt_data) TYPE TABLE
OF mara.
PRIVATE SECTION.
CLASS-DATA: go_instance TYPE REF TO zcl_db_connection.
ENDCLASS.

CLASS zcl_db_connection IMPLEMENTATION.


METHOD get_instance.
IF go_instance IS INITIAL.
CREATE OBJECT go_instance.
ENDIF.
ro_instance = go_instance.
ENDMETHOD.

METHOD execute_query.
SELECT * FROM mara INTO TABLE rt_data UP TO 10 ROWS.
ENDMETHOD.
ENDCLASS.

🔹 Why Singleton Here?


•Ensures one database connection is used throughout the program.
•Prevents unnecessary object creation, improving performance.
Abid Ali
SAP Technical Consultant

Factory Pattern

The Factory Pattern provides a centralized way to create


objects dynamically without specifying their concrete class.

When to Use?
✅ When you need multiple object instances dynamically
✅ When the object type is unknown at compile-time
✅ When object creation logic is complex
✅ When you want to decouple object creation from
implementation

Example: Factory for Material Object Creation


CLASS zcl_material_factory DEFINITION.
PUBLIC SECTION.
CLASS-METHODS create_material RETURNING VALUE(ro_material) TYPE REF TO
zif_material.
ENDCLASS.

CLASS zcl_material_factory IMPLEMENTATION.


METHOD create_material.
CREATE OBJECT ro_material TYPE zcl_material.
ENDMETHOD.
ENDCLASS.

Why Factory Here?


✅ Allows dynamic creation of different material types.
✅ Hides complex object creation logic inside the factory.
✅ Helps switch implementations without modifying existing code.
Abid Ali
SAP Technical Consultant

Decorator Pattern

Adds extra functionality to an object dynamically without


modifying its structure.

📌 Use Case: Sales Order Pricing Calculation


✅ Add different pricing components (e.g., discount, tax,
shipping) dynamically to a sales order.

CLASS zcl_base_price DEFINITION.


PUBLIC SECTION.
METHODS get_price RETURNING VALUE(rv_price) TYPE p DECIMALS 2.
ENDCLASS.

CLASS zcl_discount DEFINITION INHERITING FROM zcl_base_price.


PUBLIC SECTION.
METHODS get_price REDEFINITION.
ENDCLASS.

CLASS zcl_discount IMPLEMENTATION.


METHOD get_price.
rv_price = super->get_price( ) - 10. " Apply Discount
ENDMETHOD.
ENDCLASS.

✅ Sales orders can be extended with different pricing


rules dynamically.
Abid Ali
SAP Technical Consultant

Observer Pattern

✅ When one object changes state, multiple dependent


objects get notified automatically.

📌 Use Case: Stock Update Notification for Multiple Systems


✅ When stock is updated in SAP MM, SD, WM, and FI should
automatically get notified.
INTERFACE zif_observer.
METHODS update.
ENDINTERFACE.

CLASS zcl_stock_manager DEFINITION.


PUBLIC SECTION.
DATA observers TYPE TABLE OF REF TO zif_observer.
METHODS add_observer IMPORTING io_observer TYPE REF TO zif_observer.
METHODS notify_observers.
ENDCLASS.

CLASS zcl_stock_manager IMPLEMENTATION.


METHOD add_observer.
APPEND io_observer TO observers.
ENDMETHOD.

METHOD notify_observers.
LOOP AT observers INTO DATA(lo_observer).
lo_observer->update( ).
ENDLOOP.
ENDMETHOD.
ENDCLASS.

✅ Now, all systems linked to stock updates get


automatically notified.
Abid Ali
SAP Technical Consultant

Facade Pattern

✅ Provides a simplified interface to a complex system.

📌 Use Case: Simplifying Order Processing (SD, FI, MM


Integration)

✅ Instead of calling multiple SAP modules separately, we create


a single entry point.
CLASS zcl_order_facade DEFINITION.
PUBLIC SECTION.
METHODS process_order.
ENDCLASS.

CLASS zcl_order_facade IMPLEMENTATION.


METHOD process_order.
DATA(lo_sd) = NEW zcl_sd_process( ).
DATA(lo_mm) = NEW zcl_mm_process( ).
DATA(lo_fi) = NEW zcl_fi_process( ).

lo_sd->create_sales_order( ).
lo_mm->check_inventory( ).
lo_fi->create_invoice( ).
ENDMETHOD.
ENDCLASS.

✅ One method call processes the entire order instead of


multiple function calls.
Abid Ali
SAP Technical Consultant

Proxy Pattern

✅ Acts as a placeholder for another object to control access.

📌 Use Case: Restrict Access to Sensitive SAP Data (e.g.,


Salary Info)
CLASS zcl_salary_proxy DEFINITION.
PUBLIC SECTION.
METHODS get_salary IMPORTING iv_user TYPE string RETURNING
VALUE(rv_salary) TYPE p DECIMALS 2.
ENDCLASS.

CLASS zcl_salary_proxy IMPLEMENTATION.


METHOD get_salary.
IF iv_user = 'HR_MANAGER'.
rv_salary = 5000. " Allowed
ELSE.
rv_salary = 0. " Restricted
ENDIF.
ENDMETHOD.
ENDCLASS.

✅ Now, salary details are restricted based on roles.


Abid Ali
SAP Technical Consultant

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& Keep
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