4.Physical layer_3
4.Physical layer_3
NETWORKS
Lec. Onim
EECE, MIST
Outline:
• Digital Modulation
• Functional block diagram of modulator and demodulator
• 8 QAM, 16 QAM
• Comparison
Digital Modulation
“Changing the transmitting signal with the help of a carrier signal.”
Digital modulation techniques can be of various types:
• ASK
• OOK
• BPSK
• BFSK
• QPSK
• 8 QAM
• 16 QAM and so on…
BASK
(Binary Amplitude Shift Keying)
Modulation:
*OOK
Demodulation: Can be done in two ways:
Coherent:
Non Coherent:
BFSK
(Binary Frequency Shift Keying)
Modulation:
Demodulation: Can be done in two ways:
Coherent:
Non Coherent:
BPSK
(Binary Phase Shift Keying)
Modulation:
Demodulation: Can be done in only one way:
Coherent:
QPSK
(Quadrature Phase Shift Keying)
Modulation:
Demodulation:
8 QAM
(8 Quadrature Amplitude Modulation)
Modulation:
Demodulation:
16 QAM
(16 Quadrature Amplitude Modulation)
Modulation:
Bandwidth comparison
Constellation Diagram: