FOf; fw;gpj;jypd; NghJ Kd;te;J

nraw;gLk; jpwid Nkk;gLj;jy;.

gh.gpu\he;
2019/BNCOE/SO.SC/T/M/64
r%f tpQ;Qhdk;
2019-2021

kl;lf;fsg;G Njrpa fy;tpf; fy;Y}up

jhoq;Flh
2022

1
ntspg;gLj;jw; $w;W

kl;lf;fsg;G Njrpa fy;tpf; fy;Yhupapy; fw;if newpiag; G+u;j;jp nra;tjw;fhf Kd;

itf;Fk; ,r;nray;epiy Ma;T mwpf;if vdJ njhopy;thd;ik tfpghfj;ij Mw;Wk;
nghOJ Njhd;wpa xUgpur;ridiaj; jPu;g;gjw;F vLj;j Kaw;rpapd; xU tpisthFk;.
,e;j nray; epiy Muha;r;rp mwpf;ifapy; mlf;fg;gl;Ls;s vJTk; ,jw;F Kd;du;
ahNjDk; gy;fiyf;fof gl;lj;Jf;fhfNth bg;NshkhTf;fhfNth Kd;itf;fg;gl;l
Muha;rr
; pf; fl;Liuapy; mlq;fpAs;s tplaq;fs; Nkw;Nfhspd;wp cs;slf;fg;gltpy;iy
vdTk; ngau; Fwpg;gplhJ NtW %yhjhuq;fspy; ,Ue;J ngau;j;njLf;fg;gl;litay;y
vdTk; ,J Njrpa fy;tpapay; Nghjid bg;Nshkh fw;if newpia G+u;j;jp
nra;tjw;fhf ehd; RahjPdkhf Mf;fpa Xu; Mf;fkhFk; vd cWjpg;ggLj;Jfpd;Nwd;.

............................. ...............................

jpfjp ifnahg;gk;

ngau; : gh.gpu\he;

gjptpyf;fk; : 2019/BNCOE/SO.SC/T/M/64

fl;LW gapy;T ghlrhiy Kftup : kl; /fF/fpuhd; kj;jpa fy;Y}up

nrhe;j Kftup : 219 /A/1 `y;tpd;d tPjp, mKgpl;ba ,,k;Gy;Ng , gyhq;nfhil

,uj;jpdGup

njhiyNgrp ,yf;fk; : 0752713837

2
ed;wpAiu

“ve; ed;wp nfhz;NlhUf;Fk; ca;Tz;lhk; ca;tpy;iy nra; ed;wp nfhz;l kfl;F”

,t; Ma;tpid Nkw;nfhs;s gy;NtW tifapy; xj;Jiog;gpid toq;fpa
midtUf;Fk; ed;wp $w flikg;gl;Ls;Nsd; Njrpa fy;tpf; fy;tpf; fy;Y}upf;fhd
Njrpa bg;Nshkh %d;W Mz;L fhyg;gFjpapy; Kjy; ,uz;L tUl fhyk; fy;Y}upapy;
rpwg;ghf gapw;rpiag; ngw;W %d;whtJ tUl fl;LWg;gapw;rp fhyj;jpy;
tpupTiuahsu;fspd; Nkw;ghu;itapd; fPo; fl;LWg;gapw;rpapy; <Lgl Ntz;baJ
fl;lhakhFk;.,e;j ,Wjp Mz;L fw;gpj;jypd; NghJ khztu;fs; ,lu;gLk; re;ju;g;gq;fs;
vkf;F gpur;rpidahf mikAk;NghJ khztu;fs; vjpu;Nehf;Ffpd;w gpur;rpid xd;iw
njupT nra;J mtw;iw eptu;j;jpf;Fk; nraw;wpl;l Ma;tpy; <LgLtJ
mtrpakhFk;.vdNt vdJ fl;LW fhy fw;gpj;jy; gapw;rpapy; kl;/fF/fpuhd; kj;jpa
fy;Y}upapy; nraw;wpl;l Ma;tpid Nkw;f;nfhs;tjpy; ngUkpjk; milfpd;Nwd;.

,r; nraw;wpl;l Ma;tpid Nkw;f;nfhs;tjw;F mDkjp toq;fpa fy;Y}upapd;

kjpg;Gf;Fupa gPlhjpgjp jpU.M.IM. eth]; Iah mtu;fSf;Fk; ,r;nraw;wpl;l Ma;tpid
eilKiwg;gLj;j cjtpaspj;j cg gPlhjpgjp(njhlUU fy;tp) mtu;fSf;Fk; vdJ
kdkhu;e;j ed;wpia njuptpj;Jf; nfhs;fpd;Nwd;

NkYk; ,r;nraw;wpl;l Ma;tpid Nkw;f;nfhs;tjw;Fk; rupahd Kiwapy; jpl;lkpl;L

eilKiwg;gLj;jTk; rfy topfspYk; MNyhrid toq;fp topg;gLj;jpa nghWg;G
tpupTiuahsu; jpU.S;.Nyhfuh[h Iah mtu;gl;Fk; vdJ kdkhu;e;j ed;wpia
njuptpj;Jf; nfhs;fpd;Nwd;.vdJ nray; epiy Ma;it ntw;wpfukhk
Nkw;f;nfhs;tjw;F mDkjp toq;fpa vdJ ghlrhiy mjpgu; jpU.M.jtuh[h Iah
mtu;fSf;Fk; mj;Jld; vdf;F xj;Jiog;Gf;fis toq;fpa rpNu\;l Mrpupau;fSf;Fk;
juk; 7K khztu;fSf;Fk; vdJ ,jak; fdpe;j ed;wpfs;.

3
nghUslf;fk;
tpguk; gf;fk;
1. tplaj;jiyg;G 1
2. ntspg;gLj;Jif 2
3. ed;wp etpyy; 3
4. nghUslf;fk; 4
5. ml;ltizg;gl;bay; 5
6. glq;fspd; gl;bay; 6
7. Ma;Tr; RUf;fk; 7

mj;jpahak;
1.0 mwpKfk; 8
1.1 gpur;rpid 9
1.2 gpur;rpidia tpsf;Fjy; 10
1.3 gpur;rpidf;Fk; njhopy;thz;ik tfpghfj;Jf;Fk; ,ilapyhd njhlu;G 11
1.4 gpur;rpid njhlu;ghd Nehf;F 12
2.0 gpur;rpid njhlu;ghd tplaq;fisj; Njbawpjy;
2.1 gpur;rpid njhlu;ghd mbg;gilj; jfty;fs; 13-15
2.2 juT Kf;Nfhzg;gLj;jy; %yk; fhuzpfis ,dq;fhzy; 16
2.3 mf;fhuzpfs; njhlu;ghd ,yf;fpa crhTif 17-18
2.4 Ma;Tf;F mbg;gilahf mike;j vz;zf;fUf;fisg; glkhf;fy; 19
3.0 Ma;Tr; nrad;Kiw
3.1 nraw;ghLfSf;F mbg;gilahf mike;j Fwpf;Nfhs;fs; 20
3.2 jiyaplYf;fhd mbg;gilj; njhopw;ghLfspd; jpl;lk; 21-23
3.3 Ma;T xOf;fq;fs; 24
3.4 Ma;T tiuaiwfs; 25
3.5 jiyaplYf;fhd mbg;gilahd nraw;ghLfspd; 26-39
jpl;lj;ij eilKiwg;gLj;jpa tpjk;
3.6 ngw;w Gjpa mwpTk; KbTfSk; (,Wjpg; gpujpgypg;G) 40-44

 ,izg;Gfs; 45-47
 crhj;Jiz E}y;fs; 48
 fhyr;rl;lfk; 50
 Nkw;ghu;itahsu; mwpf;if 51-53
 Muha;r;rp mwpf;ifia xg;gilf;Fk; gj;jpuk; 53

4
ml;ltizg;gl;bay;

ml;ltiz 2.1 juT Kf;Nfhzg;gLj;jy; 16

ml;ltiz 2.2 ,yf;fpa crhTif 17-18

ml;ltiz 2.3 jiyaply; mbg;gilj; njhopw;ghl;Lj;jpl;lk; 21-23

ml;ltiz 2.4 ,yf;F FO khztu;fspd; tpguk; 26

ml;ltiz 2.5 Kw;Nrhjidg; Gs;spfs; 27

ml;ltiz 2.6 KjyhtJ jiyaplYf;fhd KjyhtJ nraw;ghl;Lg; Gs;sp 28

ml;ltiz 2.7 KjyhtJ jiyaplYf;fhd ,uz;lhtJ nraw;ghl;Lg; Gs;sp 31

ml;ltiz 2.8 KjyhtJ jiyaplYf;fhd %d;whtJ nraw;ghl;Lg; Gs;sp 32

ml;ltiz 2.9 jiyaPL-02 ,w;fhd KjyhtJ nraw;ghl;L Gs;sp 35

ml;ltiz 2.10 jiyaPL-03 ,w;fhd KjyhtJ nraw;ghl;L Gs;sp 37

ml;ltiz 2.11 jiyaPL-03 ,w;fhd ,uz;lhtJ nraw;ghl;L Gs;sp 39

5
glq;fspd; gl;bay;

glk; 2.1 Ma;T mbg;gil vz;zf;fU 19

glk; 2.2 Kw;Nrhjidg;Gs;sp ryhif tiuG 27

glk; 2.3 jiyaply; 01 ,w;fhd KjyhtJ nraw;ghl;bw;fhd ngw;w Gs;spfs;

njhlu;ghd ryhif tiuG 29

glk; 2.4 jiyaply; 01 ,w;fhd ,uz;lhtJ nraw;ghl;bw;fhd ngw;w Gs;spfs;

njhlu;ghd ryhif tiuG 31

glk; 2.5 jiyaply; 01 ,w;fhd %d;whtJ nraw;ghl;bw;fhd ngw;w Gs;spfs;

njhlu;ghd ryhif tiuG 33

glk; 2.6 jiyaply; 02 ,w;fhd KjyhtJ nraw;ghl;bw;fhd ngw;w Gs;spfs;

njhlu;ghd ryhif tiuG 35

glk; 2.7 jiyaply; 03 ,w;fhd KjyhtJ nraw;ghl;bw;fhd ngw;w Gs;spfs;

njhlu;ghd ryhif tiuG 37

glk; 2.8 jiyaply; 03 ,w;fhd ,uz;lhtJ nraw;ghl;bw;fhd ngw;w Gs;spfs;

njhlu;ghd ryhif tiuG 39

glk; 2.9 Kw;Nrhjidapd; KbT njhlu;ghd ryhif tiuG 44

glk; 2.10 nraw;ghl;bd; gpd;duhd ngw;w Gs;spfs; njhlu;ghd ryhif tiuG 44

6
Ma;Tr;RUf;fk;
Xt;nthU thz;ikj; njhopyhsu;fSk; jkJ njhopy; thz;ikia tpUj;jpnra;a
nray;epiy Ma;Tfis Nkw;nfhs;fpd;wdu;. me;j tifapy; Njrpa fy;tpapaw; fy;Y}up
fl;LWgapy;T MrpupaUk; jkJ njhopy;thz;ikia tpUj;jp nra;a fl;LWgapy;T
fhyj;jpy; nray;epiy Ma;nthd;iwr; nra;tJ fl;lhakhFk; mjd; mbg;gilapy; kl;/
fF/fpuhd; kj;jpa fy;Y}upapy; cs;sfg; gapy;it Nkw;nfhs;Sk; gh.gpu\he; Mfpa
ehd; vdJ nray;epiy Ma;tpw;fhf juk; 7K tFg;gpy; Gtpapay; ghlj;jpid fw;Fk;
,uz;L khztu;fis njupT nra;J ‘‘FOf; fw;gpj;jypd; NghJ Kd;te;J nraw;gLk;
jpwid Nkk;gLj;jy;’’ vDk;jiyg;gpy; Ma;tpid Nkw;nfhz;Nld;. Gtpapay; ghlj;jpd;
NghJ FOf;fw;gpj;jypd; NghJ Kd;te;J nraw;glhik mtu;fspd; tFg;giwr;
nraw;ghLfs; Clhf mwpe;Njd;. tFg;giwr;; nraw;ghLfspd;; NghJk; FOr;
nraw;ghLfspd; NghJk; kjpg;gPl;L tpdhf;fSf;F tpilaspf;Fk; NghJk; fw;wy;
fw;gpj;jy; nrad;Kiwapd; NghJk; mtjhdpj;J NkYk; ,k;khztu; njhlu;ghd
jfty;fis gpujpgypg;G ehNsL> mtjhdpg;G> Neu;fhzy; %yk; ghlMrpupau;
tFg;ghrpupau; MfpNahUld; fye;Jiuahba jfty;fisg; gFg;gha;T nra;J ngw;Wf;
nfhz;Nld;. ,t;tha;tpd; Nehf;fk; khztu;fs; FOf;fw;wypd; NghJ Kd;tuhikf;fhd
fhuzq;fis mwpe;J khztupd; FOf;fw;wypd; NghJ Kd;te;J nraw;gLk; jpwid
tpUj;jp nra;jy; MFk;.. ,jd; %yk; khztuJ Kd;te;J nraw;gLk; jpwid tpUj;jp
nra;J khztdpd; milTkl;lj;ij mjpfupf;fr; nra;jYk; guPl;irapy; rpwe;j
Gs;spfis milar; nra;tJNk MFk;. ,g;gpur;rpidia vjpu;Nef;fpa khztUf;F
gpur;rpidia Gtpapay; ghlj;jpd; NghJ Kd;te;J nraw;gLk; jpwid Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;F
gy gbKiwfshf tFj;J fw;gpj;jNjhL gy njhlu; nraw;ghLfis toq;fpAk; gy
fw;gpj;jy; El;gq;fis ifahz;Lk; topg;gLj;jpNdd;. ,t; Ma;tpid nra;jjd; %yk;
khztu;fs; fw;wy; fw;gpj;jy; nrad;Kiwapd; NghJ FOf;fw;wypd; NghJ Kd;te;J
nraw;gLk; jpwid njhlu;r;rpahf NgZthu;. ,t; Ma;tpid Nkw;nfhz;ljd; %yk;
vdJ njhopw;;jpwd; mDgtk; khztu;fsJ epiy vd;gd tpUj;jpaile;jij
czu;e;Njd;. mj;Jld; khztu;fSf;F fw;gpj;jiy vt;thW Nkw;nfhz;lhy;
rpwg;ghdjhfTk; gaDs;sjhfTk; mikAk; vd;gij ,t;tha;T vdf;F
czu;j;jpAs;sJ. ,t;tha;tpd; Kbtpid Nehf;Fkplj;J ,uz;L khztu;fspYk;
Kd;Ndw;wk; fhzg;gl;lJ.,J vdJ jpl;lkplypd; ntw;wpahf fUjf;$ba xU
iky;fy; vd;W $wyhk;. ,t;tha;tpd; gbKiwfis gad;gLj;jp fw;wy; fw;gpj;jy;
nrad;Kiwapd; NghJ FOf;fw;wypd; NghJ Kd;te;J nraw;gLtjpy; ,lu;gLk;
khztupid ,dq;fz;L mtu;fspd; Kd;te;J nraw;gLk; jpwid tpUj;jp nra;a
KbAk; vd;gij czu;e;J nfhz;Nld;.

7
1.0mwpKfk;

cyf khw;wq;fSf;F Vw;g ,d;iwa etPdfhyj;jpy; Gjpa fy;tp rPu; jpUj;jq;fSf;F

mikthf fy;tpj; Jiwapy; Gjpa fy;tp tplaq;fs; tsu;r;rp mile;J nry;fpd;wd. mjNdhL
khzt r%fj;jpd; tho;if KiwfSk; elj;ijfSk; fy;tpr; nraw;ghLfSk; khw;wkile;J
nfhz;Nl nry;fpd;wd. me;j tifapy; Muk;g fhy fy;tpapy;ghlf; Fwpg;G khj;jpuNk
fhzg;gl;lJ. Mdhy; khw;wq;fs; Vw;gl;L nraw;ghl;Lld; $ba Ma;t Kiw fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.

me;j tifapy; Gtpapay; ghlkhdJ nraw;ghl;Lld; $ba xU ghlkhf fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.

Vnddpy; khztu;fspd; mwpT jpwd; kdg;ghq;F vd;gtw;wpid xUq;fpide;j tifapy;
fl;bnaOg;Gtjw;F gapw;rpNa Kf;fpakhdjhf fhzg;hLfpd;wJ. ghlrhiyapy; Gtpapay;
ghlj;jpid fw;Fk; khztu;fspilNa ghlk; njhlu;ghd gy gpur;ridfs; Vw;gLfpd;wd. mJ
kl;Lkd;wp rpy nghJthd gpur;ridfSk; ,lk;ngWfpd;wd. Gtpapay; ghlj;jpy; mjpfstpyhd
FOr; nraw;ghLfSk; mtw;iw eilKiwg;gLj;Jtjw;F rpwe;j jyikj;Jt gz;GfSk;
mbg;gilahf fhzg;gl Ntz;Lk; ntWkNd mwpit khj;jpuk; Nghjpf;fhky; rpwe;j
jyikj;Jtg; gz;GfSk; FOthf ,ize;J gzpahw;Wk; jpwd;fisAk; tsu;gjd; %yk; ;
vjpu; fhyj;jpy; mtu;fs; tho;fiaf; nfhz;L elhj;j mtu;fshy; KbAk;.

8
1.1 gpur;rpid mwpKfk;

fle;j 2022.03.07 md;W kl; /fF/fpuhd; kj;jpa fy;Y}up fl;LWg; gapYy;T Mrpupauhf
epakpf;fg;gl;bUe;Njd;. Fwpj;j ,g;ghlrhiyapy; vdJ gpujhdghlkhfpa r%f tpQ;QHd
ghlj;Jiwapy; Gtpapay; tuyhW Fbapay; Mfpa ghlq;fis fw;gpj;J nfhz;bUf;fpd;Nwd;.
vdJ fw;gpj;jy; gapw;rpf;fhyj;jpd; NghJ fw;gpj;jy; njhlu;ghd gy;NtW gpur;rpidfis
vjpu;Nef;f $bajhf ,Ue;jJ ,jpy; vd;dhy; cldbahf jPu;T fhzKbahj gpur;rpidahf
juk; 07 K ,y; ,dq;fhzg;gl;l rpy khztu;fs; Gtpapay; ghlj;jpd; NghJ FOf; fw;wypd;
NghJ Kd; te;J <LgLk; nraw;ghLfspy; nraw;gLtjpy; Mu;tk; ,d;ik fhzg;gl;LJ.

vdNt Fwpj;j ,g;gpur;rpid khztuJ milT kl;lj;jpidAk; vjpu;fhyj;jpy; ve;jtpj

nraw;ghLfspYk; tpUg;gkpd;ik Nghd;w gpw;Nghf;fhd epiyf;F ,l;Lnry;Yk; vdf;fUjp
,jid nray;epiy Ma;tpw;F cl;gLj;j jpl;lkpl;Ls;Nsd;. ,jw;F khztu;fSf;F Gtpapay;
;ghlnraw;ghl;by; tpUg;gkpd;ikah my;yJ Kd;tUk; jd;ik ,y;yhikah FOthfr;
nraw;gLtjpy; jaf;fkh vd mwpe;J nfhs;tjw;fhf ,dq;fhzg;gl;l khztu;fSf;F
njhlu;rpahf Kw;NrhjidfisAk; mjDhlf nraw;ghl;by; Mu;tj;jpid Vw;gLj;JtJk;
,t;tha;tpd; Nehf;fkhFk;

9
1.2 gpur;rpidia tpsf;Fjy;

,d;iwafhy etPd cyfpy; tsu;e;J tUk; re;jjpapdu; gy Gjpa fz;Lgpbg;Gf;fisAk;

rhjidfisAk; gilf;fpd;wdu; me;jtifapy; mtu;fspd; Mw;wy; Mu;tj;jpid ghlrhiy
fw;wy; fw;gpj;jy; nraw;ghLfNs tsu;j;njLf;fpd;wJ. ,Ug;gpDk; ,dq;fhzg;gl;l rpy
khztu;fs; nraw;ghLfspy; Mu;tkpd;ikahf fhzg;gLfpd;wdu.; ,jw;fhd fhuzkhf
khztu;fSila myl;rpakhd nraw;ghLfSk; tpisahl;Lj; jd;ikAk; tFg;gpy; Vida
khztu;fSld; NruhJ xJq;fpf; fhzg;gLfpd;wikAk; ,J xU tPzhz nraw;ghL vd KbT
nra;J NtW nraw;ghl;by; <LgLjy; Nghd;w kdg;ghq;F mNef khztu;fsplk; fhzg;gLfpwJ.

NtW rpy khztu;fSf;F ghlk; njhlu;ghd rypg;Gj;jd;ikAk; gpw;Nghf;fhd

rpe;jidAk; cilatu;fdhf FOr;nraw;ghLfspd; NghJ Vida khztu;fSld;
,ize;J nraw;glhJ jdpikapy; fhzg;gl;ljid Neubahd mtjhdpg;gpd; %yk;
,dk; fhzg;gl;lJ.,jw;fhd fhuzj;ij gpd;tUk; jfty;fs; %yk; cWjp nra;Njd;.

 ,izg;ghltpjhdr; nraw;ghl;by; gq;F gw;whik.

 tFg;giw nraw;ghLfspy; xJq;fp fhzg;gly;.
 xOq;fhd tutpd;ik
 tFg;giwapy; xJq;fpf; fhzg;gly;,mikjpahd epiy
 Kd;tUtjpy; jaf;fk,;$r;rRghtk;,jtwhd kdg;ghq;F

10
1.3. gpur;rpidf;Fk; njhopy;thz;ik tfpghfj;Jf;Fk; ,ilapyhd njhlu;G

juk; 07 ,y; ,dq;fhzg;gl;l khztu;fs; Gtpapay; ghl nraw;ghLfspy; FOf;fw;wypd;

NghJ Kd; te;J <LgLk; nraw;ghLfspy; Mu;tkpd;ikahf fhzg;gl;ldu;.,tu;fis
Ma;Tf;F cl;gLj;jp jPu;T fhz;gjid Nehf;fkhf nfhz;L Ma;T
jpl;lkplg;gl;Ls;sJ.

,e;j tifapy; Ma;thsu; fw;wy; fw;gpj;jy; gpur;rpidia ,dk; fhz;ghu;. jpl;lkpl;L

tbtikg;gtu; vd;w tifapy; Ma;thsu; gy gpur;rpidfis vjpu; Nehf;Ffpd;whu.;
fw;wy; fw;gpj;jy; nraw;ghl;bd; NghJ khztu;fs; rig $r;rk; Kd;tuhj epiy
tFg;giw nraw;ghl;by; gpd;jq;fpa epiy tFg;giw nraw;ghLfs; xU tPzhd
nraw;ghL vd vz;Zk; kdg;ghq;F Nghd;wit ,lu;ghLila khztu;fsplk;
fhzf;$bajhf ,Ue;jJ. ,jd; fhuzkhf khztu;fs; kj;jpapy; fw;wy; fw;gpj;jy;
nraw;ghLfis ntw;wpfukhf Kd;ndLj;J nry;tJ ghupanjhU gpur;rpidahf
fhzg;gl;lJ.

tFg;giw Gtpapay; nraw;ghLfspy; Mu;tk; mw;wjhd epiy fhuzkhf khztu;fs;

jkJ ngWNgWfis ngWtjpy; gpd; miltpid vjpu; Nehf;Ffpd;wdu; ,t;thwhd
khztu;fis ,dq;fz;L Vida khztu;fisg; Nghy; tFg;giw rfy
nraw;ghLfspYk; Kd;te;J Mu;tjJld; nraw;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;gNj ,t; Ma;tpd;
Kf;fpa Nehf;fkhf Ma;thsu; fUJfpd;whu;. ,t; Ma;tpw;F cl;gLj;Jk; khztu;fspd;
ghJfhg;ig cWjpg;gLj;jy; khztu;fSf;F gy;NtW gapw;rpfis toq;fy; Ma;tpd;
jftiyg; ngw Neu;fhzy; mtjhdpg;G fye;Jiyahly; tpdhf;nfhj;J Nghd;w
Kiwfs; gad;gLj;jg;gl;ld. khztu;fis fw;wy; fw;gpj;jy; nraw;ghl;bw;F
Cf;Ftpw;gjw;fhf FOtpisahl;Lf;fs; jdpahs; nraw;ghLfs; khztu;fspd;
tpUg;gj;jpid Vw;gLj;Jk; tifapyhd fhndhsp fijg;glq;fs; nrhy;ml;ilfs;
Nghd;w tsq;fis gad;gLj;jy; %yk; Gtpapay; ghlj;jpy; Kd;Ndw;wk; mila
nra;ayhk; ,jd; fhuzkhf fw;wy; fw;gpj;jy; nraw;ghLfis tFg;giwapy; ,yFthf
eilKiwg;gLj;Jtjw;Fk; khztu;fs; midtUf;Fk; xNu Nju;r;rp kl;lj;ij mile;J
nfhs;tjw;Fk; ,yFthf ,Uj;Fk;. ,t;tpilaq;fis fUj;jpw; nfhz;Nl Ma;thsd;
,t; nray;epiy Ma;tpid Nkw;nfhs;s cs;Nsd;.

11
1.4 gpur;rpid njhlu;ghd Nehf;F

Gtpapay; ghlj;jpy; fhzg;gLk; nraw;ghLfis Nkw;nfhs;Sk; NghJ ,dq;fhzg;gl;l

02 khztu;fs; FOf;fw;wypd; NghJ Kd;te;J <LgLk; nraw;ghLfspy;
Mu;tkpd;ikahf fhzg;gl;lzu; me;j tifapy; ,t; khztu;fs; tFg;giw
nraw;ghLfspy; Kd;tuhik Mspilj; njhlu;G ,d;ik ,J xU tPzhd nraw;ghL
vd vz;Zjy; Nghd;w gpur;rpid cilatu;fshf fhzg;gl;lzu;

vdNt ,g;gpur;rpidia eptu;j;jp nra;a khztu;fsplk; jPu;Tj;jd;ik ,Ue;Jk; $l mtu;fspd;

ga czu;T $r;rczu;T jd;dk;gpf;ifahf nraw;gLk; kdg;ghq;fpd;ik myl;rpakhd
nraw;ghLfs; tpisahl;by; tpUg;gk; Vida khztu;fSld; Nru;tjpy; jaf;fk; Nghd;w
mff;fhuzpfSk; tPl;Lr;#oy; r%ffhuzpfs; tFg;giwapy; khztu;fSld; gofhik
Gwf;fhuzpfSk; nry;thf;F nrYj;Jtjdhy; njhlu;e;J ,g;gpur;rpid fhzg;gl;L tUfpwJ.

Nkw;gb ,g;gpur;rpid jPPu;f;fg;glhtpbd; vjpu;fhyj;jpy; ,k;khztu; njhopy; cyfpw;F vw;g

jd;id khw;wpf;nfhs;s ,lu; cilatuhff; fhzg;gLthu;. mjhtJ Gtpapay; ghlk;
khztu;fsplk; fhzg;gLk; #oy; gw;wpa mwpT jpwikfisf;nfhz;L vjpu;fhyj;jpy; Ntiy
cyfpw;F jahu; nra;tjid Nehf;fkhf nfhz;L rpW tajpy; ,Ue;J nraw;ghLfspy;
tpUg;gkpd;ik Vw;gbd; vjpu;fhy thof;ifapid ghjpf;Fk; vdNt ,J jPu;f;fg;gl Ntz;ba
xd;whff; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.

12
2.0 gpur;rpid njhlu;ghd tplaq;fis Njbawpjy;.
2.1 gpur;rpid njhlu;ghd mbg;gilj; jfty;fs; :
,d;iwa etPd cyfpy; tsu;e;J tUk; re;jjpapdu; Gjpa fz;Lgpbg;GfisAk;
rhjidfisAk; gilf;fpd;wdu;.mtu;fspd; Mw;wy; Mu;tj;jpid ghlrhiyfNs
tsu;j;njLf;fpd;wJ ,Ug;gpDk; ,dq;fhzg;gl;l rpy khztu;fspd; myl;rpakhd
nraw;ghLfSk; tpisahl;L jd;ikAk; tFg;gpy; Vida khztu;fSld; NruhJ
xJq;fp fhzg;gLfpd;wikAk; ,J xU tPdhd nraw;ghL vd KbT nra;J NtW
nraw;ghl;by; <Lgly; Nghd;w kdg;ghq;F mNdf khztu;fsplk; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. ,t;
,ay;Gfis cila khztu;fs; mtjhdpg;gpd; %yk; ,dq;fhzg;gl;ldu.;

ifahsg;gl;l Ma;TEl;g Kiwfs;

gpujpgypj;jy; Fwpg;NgL
tFg;giwfw;gpj;jy; nraw;ghLfspd; gpd; jpdKk; gpujpgypj;jy;
Fwpg;Ngl;ilNgdpte;Njd; mjd; mbg;gilapy; gpur;rpidia ,dq;fhdKbe;jJ.

 ghl tpla mwpT ,Ue;j NghjpYk; tpdhf;fs; njhLf;Fk;

NghJ vOe;J epd;W gjpy; $w $r;rg;gLfpd;wdu;.

 FO ,lg;gLj;jypd; NghJ xJq;Fk; nraw;ghl;il ntspg;gLj;jpdu;.

 FOf; fye;Jiuahlypd; NghJ njhlu;r;rpahf mikjpia Ngzpdu;.

 FOj; jiytu;fspd; topg;gLj;jy;fis ftdpahJ myl;rpa Nghf;if

ntspg;gLj;jpdu;.

 kjpg;gPl;L tpdhf;fSf;F rupahf tpilaspj;j NghjpYk; mjid vOe;J epd;W

$Wtjw;F mr;rg;gl;ldu;.

 njhlu;r;rpahf ,U khztu;fs; FOr; nraw;ghl;bd; NghJ Kd;te;J

nraw;gLtjw;F jaf;fk; fhl;bdu;

13
mtjhdpg;G

,yf;F FOtpdiu tFg;giw nraw;ghLfspd; NghJ NeubahfTk; kiwKfkhfTk;

mtjhdpf;fg;gl;lJ cjhuzkhf ,yq;if miktpl tpsf;fj;jpid FOthf
Kd;itf;f Kaw;rp nra;j NghJ mtjhdpf;fg;gl;lit.

 ghlNeuj;jpy; tFg;gpy; cwq;Ffpd;wik.

 njhlu;r;rpahd ghlrhiyf;F tutpd;ik.
 rPUilia Kiwahf mzpahik.
 ghlj;jpy; FOr; nraw;ghl;bd; NghJ NtW rpe;jidapy; ,Uj;jy;.
 Tpil $Wtjpy; jaf;fk; kw;Wk; mr;rj;ij ntspg;gLj;jy;.
 FOr; nraw;ghl;by; Kd;te;J nraw;gl ,lu;gl;ldu;.

fye;Jiuahly;

tFg;ghrpupau; jpU.rh[pj; mtu;fSld; A,B khztu;fs; njhlu;ghf fye;Jiuahba

NghJ ngwg;gl;l jfty;fs;.

 A,B ,U khztu;fSk; fUFLk;gj;ijr;Nru;e;jtu;fs;.

 ,UtupdJ je;ijahUk; ntspehl;by; gzpGupfpd;wdu;.
 r%fkag;gl tpUg;gkw;w jd;ikia ntspg;gLj;Jtu;fs;.
 Ghltpla mwpT ,Ue;j NghjpYk; mjid vOe;Jepd;W $w mr;rg;gLgtu;fs;.
 rf khztu;fSld; tpisahLtjpy; <LghL fhl;l khl;lhu;fs;.

14
Neu;fhzy;

njupT nra;ag;gl;l khztu;fis jdpj;jdpahf tha; nkhop %ykhfTk; ,U top

njhlu;ghly; %ykhfTk; ngwg;gl;l jfty;fs;.

01-Aaplk; -cq;fSf;F neUq;fpa ez;gu; ahu;?

ngupjhf ahUk; ,y;iy.

02-B aplk; -tPl;by; rNfhjuu;fSld; tpisahLtPu;fsh?

vdf;F rNfhjuu;fs; ahUk; ,y;iy.

03-Aaplk;-cq;fSf;F jdpahf gbf;f tpUg;gkh my;yJ FOthf ,ize;J gbf;f

tpUg;gkh?

ehd; jdpahf gbf;f tpUg;gk;.

04-Baplk;-tFg;giwapy; Vd; vg;NghJk; mikjpahf ,Uf;fpd;wPu;fs;?

vdf;F NgRtjw;F tpUg;gkpy;iy.

15
2.2 juT Kf;Nfhzg;gLj;jy; %yk; fhuzpfis ,dq;fhzy;
ml;ltiz 2.1 juT Kf;Nfhzg;gLj;jy;

mtjhdpj;j juTfs; Neu;fhzy; juTfs; Mtzf;fw;wha;T

ghlNeuj;jpy; tFg;gpy; Kd;ida ghl Mrpupaiu ghlj;jpw;Fupa Nju;r;rp
cwq;Ffpd;wik tpdtpa NghJ mwpf;if
FOr;nraw;ghl;by; xOq;fhf
<Lgltpy;iy vdf;
$wpaik. myFg;guPl;ir kjpg;gPl;L
Gs;sp
cupa khztu;fsplk;
tpdtpa NghJ
rfghbfSld; ,ize;J Gtpapay; gapw;rp nfhg;gpia
fw;f ntWg;ghf cs;sik xOq;fhf Ngzhik.
vdf; $wpaik.

tuT njhlu;ghd khztzplk; tpdtpa tuT ,lhg;G

gpur;rpidfs; NghJ nfhtpl; fhyq;fspy;
toq;fg;gl;l tpLKiw khztu; Kd;Ndw;w mwpf;if
fhuzkhf tpLKiwapy;
Mu;tk; Vw;g;gl;Ls;sik
vdf;$wpaik
ghlj;jpd; FOr;nraw;ghl;bd; khztdplk; tpdtpa NghJ khztu; Kd;Ndw;w mwpf;if
NghJ NtW rpe;jidapy; Xu; ,lj;jpy; ,Ue;J
,Ue;jik fw;gjw;F ntWg;ghf
cs;sjhf $wpaik.

fzpg;gPlL
; mwpf;if
tFg;ghrpupauplk; tpdtpa
NghJ vy;yh ghlq;fspYk;
fzpg;gPlL
; Gs;spfs; myFg;
guPl;ir Gs;spfs; Fiwthf
cs;sjhf $wpaik.
rPUil Kiwahf tPl;by; gbg;gjw;Nfh my;yJ rPUil
mzpahik Kiwahf ghlrhiyf;F
rPUil mzptjw;Nfh ghlg;Gj;jfk;
NghJkhd trjp ,y;iy vd
khztd; $wpdhd; gapw;rpf;nfhg;gp

tpil $Wtjpy; jaf;fk; fw;gpf;Fk; tplaq;fis kPstypAWj;Jk; tpdhf;fis

kw;Wk; gpioahf $wpaik fpufpj;J $w Kbatpy;iy. tpdTk; NghJ gjpy;$w
vd khztd; $wpaik. ,lu;gl;lik.

vOe;J epd;W gjpy; $w

tha;g;gspf;Fk; NghJ cly; gpujpgypg;G Fwpg;NgL
eLq;Ffpd;wJ vdf$wpaik.

FOr;nraw;ghl;bd; NghJ FOtpd; rf khztu;fSld; FOr;nraw;ghL Kd;itg;G

Kd;te;J nraw;gl ,ize;J nraw;glhikahy; Fwpg;G ml;ilfs;
,lu;gl;lik ghltpla mwpT Fd;wpaik. G+uzg;gLj;jg;glhik.

16
2.3. mf;fhuzpfs; njhlu;ghd ,yf;fpa crhTif
ml;ltiz 2.2 ,yf;fpa crhTif

ntspaPl;L
Ehyhrpupaud; ntspapl; Ehypd; cupa cs;slf;fk;
,lKk; fz;lwpe;jit
ngau; lMz;L ngau; RUf;fk;
ntspaPl;lhsUk;
n[auhrh.r.gh 2006 Ma;T 148 gyhyp tPjp Ma;T vd;gJ Ma;tpd;
Kiwapay; guNk];tuh re;jp njhlu;r;rpahd Nehf;fq;fisAk;;
jpUney;Ntyp Njliy mjd;
aho;g;ghzk; Kd;ndLf;fpd;wJ Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ijA
; xU ehzaj;jpw;F k; mwpe;Jnfhs;s
,U gf;fq;fs; cjtpahf
Nghd;W mike;jJ
gpur;rpidfSk;
Nfhl;ghl;L tbtk;
vd;w mwpKiwia
xU
gupkhzkhfTk;
mjd; nray;
tbtj;ij kW
gupkhzkhfTk;
tiuaWj;jYf;F
Jidahf
mikAk;

rpd;dj;jk;gp..f 2011 fy;tp NrkkLg; ghlNtisapy; ghlNtisfspy;

Ma;tpay; gjpg;gfk; gapw;rpapd; NghJ
Gj;jfrhiy mtrpaj;ijAk; nraw;ghLfspd;
Nkw;nfhs;s mtrpaj;ij
Ntz;ba mwpe;J
KiwfisAk; nfhs;s
gapw;rpfs; Kyk; cjTfpd;wJ
ntspg;gLj;jyhk;

Kj;Jypq;fk;.r 1995 fy;tp fyhepjp.r. nky;y fw;Fk; FO ,lg;gLj;jy;

cstpay; Kj;Jypq;fk; khztu;fSf;fhd Kiw
Xd;lupNah fw;gpj;jy;
fdlh nraw;ghL

ehfuh[d;.fp 1995 fy;tpr; kfufk ntspaPL FO ,lg;gLj;jy; r%fkhd Nrhjid

r%ftpay; Kiw Kiw

ngdbf;w; 2000 fy;tp G+ghy rpq;fk; MSik MSik

ghyd;.Nah cstpay; Gj;jfrhiy 340 gz;Gf;$Wfs; Fiwghl;il

17
mbg;gilfs; nrl;bj;; njU jdpj;jd;ik eptu;j;jpf;Fk;
nfhOk;G-11 tha;e;jit jiyapl;L
Kiwfs;

.Rtu;zuh[h.f 2011 mwpif NrkkLg; jdpahs; NtWghL gpd;ddpiag;

njhopw;ghLf gjpg;gfk; vz;zf;fU nghWj;J MSikg;
Sk; Gj;jfrhiy khztu; gpd;ddp gz;Gfs;
Mrpupau;fSk; mwpa Ntz;Lk; newpg;gLj;jg;gl
Ntz;Lk;

Fzuhrh.f 1995 fpufpj;jy; fkyk; gjpg;gfk; fpufpj;jy; jd;ik fpufpj;jiy tpUj;jp

nra;Ak;
topKiwfs;

18
2.4. Ma;Tf;fike;j vz;zf;fUf;fis glkhf;fy;
glk; 2.1 Ma;T mbg;gil vz;zf;fU

,J xU tPzhd
nraw;ghL vDk;
kdg;ghq;F

khztUf;F Kd;tUtjpy;
ghlj;jpy; Mu;tk; jaf;fk;> $r;rk;
,y;iy

Gtpapay; ghlj;jpy; FOr;

ngw;Nwhu;fspd; ghlrhiyf;F
nraw;ghLfspy; Kd; te;J
fy;tp mwpt tUif juy;
nraw;gLtjpy; Mu;tk;
FiwT FiwT
,d;ik

,J ngw;Nwhu;fspd
tpisahl;by; nghUshjhu kl;lk;
Mu;tk; tWik

Vida
khztu;fsplk;
Nru;tjpy;
tpUg;gkpd;ik

19
3.0 Ma;T nrad;Kiw
3.1 nraw;ghLfSf;F mbg;gilahf mike;j Fwpf;Nfhs;fs;

kl;/fF/fpuhd; kj;jpa fy;Yhupapy; fl;LWg;gapr;rpapid Nkw;nfhs;Sk; NghJ juk; 07K

,y; Gtpapay; ghlj;jpy; fw;wy; fw;gpj;jy; nrad;Kiwapy; FOr; nraw;ghl;by;
Kd;te;J nraw;gLtjpy; ,lu;gLk; khztu;fis ,dq;fz;L mtu;fsJ Kd;te;J
nraw;gLk; jpwid Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;fhf Ma;tpid Kd;ndLj;Njd;.

,t; Ma;tpw;F Kw;Nrhjidfs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;L Ma;T khjpupfs; 02 NgUk; ngw;w

Gs;spfs; gFg;gha;T nra;ag;gl;lJ. ,jpy; fpilf;fg;ngw;w ngWNgW kpfTk;
tPo;rr
; pj;jd;ikAld; fhzg;gl;likapdhy; Ma;tpid mikj;J %d;W jiyaPl;Lj;
jpl;lq;fspy; MW nraw;ghLfspy; gd;dpnuz;L gbfspy; nraw;ghLfs;
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ.

,r; nraw;ghLfspd;NghJ Ma;T khjpupfs; Kd;Ndw;wk; NeubahfNt mtjhdpf;fg;gl;L

jiyaPl;Lj;jpl;lk; epiwT nra;jjd; gpd;du; Ma;T khjpupfSf;F gpw;Nrhjid
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ. ,jd; ngWNgw;wpd; mbg;gilapy; jiyaPl;Lj; jpl;lj;ij
eilKiwg;gLj;j Kd;du; ,Ue;j epiyiatpl khztu;fs; fw;wy; fw;gpj;jy;
nrad;Kiwapd; NghJ FOr; nraw;ghl;by; Kd;te;J nraw;gLk; jpwd; ghupa
tsu;rr
; pidAk; Kd;Ndw;wj;ijAk; mile;Js;sdu;. vd;gij mwpaf;$bajhf ,Ue;jJ.

vdNt ,t;thwhd nray;epiy Ma;tpd; Clhf vtiuAk; rupahd jpl;lq;fSld;

gapw;rr
; pfis toq;fpdhy; vjpu;ghu;j;j ,yf;Ffis mila KbAk; vd;gij
,r;nray;epiy Ma;tpid Nkw;nfhz;ljD}lhf ehd; fw;Wf;nfhz;Nld;.

20
3.2 jiyaplYf;fhd mbg;gilj; njhopw;ghLfspd; jpl;lk;
ml;ltiz 2.3 jiyaply; mbg;gilj; njhopw;ghl;Lj;jpl;lk;

vjpu;ghf;fg;gLk; fhy
vjpu;ghf;fg;gLk; nraw;ghLfSk; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; Neu msT
tsq;fs; elj;ij tiua
,yf;Ffs; gbKiwfSk;
khw;wq;fs; iw
khztu;fSf;F nraw;ghL 01 02 kzp
Mu;tk; cila khztu;fSld; Neuk;
nraw;ghLfis Neu;fhdy; khztupd; NgRk;
mwpe;Jmtw;iw %yKk; jpwid
mbg;gilahf; rfghbfSld; tsu;j;jy;
nfhz;L fye;jiuahly;
Kd;te;J %yKk;
nra;w;gLk; jfty;fis
jiykj;Jt ngWjy;
gz;ig
tsu;j;jy;. gb 01
khztu;fSld;
Neu;fhzy; Neu;fhdy;
%yk; jfty;fs;
jfty;fis tpdhf;nfhj;J
ngWjy; jfty;fs

gb 02
rfghbfSld;
fye;jiuahly;

nraw;ghL 02 Kd;tUk; 02 kzpNeuk;

tpisahl;Lf;fs; jpwid
%yk; mjpfupj;jy;
khztu;fs; jiykj;Jt
Kd;te;J gz;;Gfis
nraw;gl Vw;gLj;y
re;ju;g;gk;
toq;Fjy;

gb 01
FOtpw;F
jiyik
jhq;Fjy;;
rpW
tpisahl;Lfs;
tFg;giw
gb 02 tpisahl;Lf;fs;
tpisahl;bd;
eLtuhf
nraw;gLjy;

21
nraw;ghL-03 Kd;tUk; 02 kzp Neuk;
khztu;fSf;F NghJ Vw;gLk;
vspa jiyg;G Rghtj;ij
xd;iw toq;fp ePf;Fjy;
my;yJ
fhl;rpg;glk;
xd;iw
fhz;gpj;J mJ
njhlu;ghd
fUj;Jf;fis
Kd;
itg;gjw;fhd
jpwid
Nkk;gLj;jy;

gb -01
toq;fg;gLk; ,yq;if
jiyg;G miktplr;
njhlu;ghf 05 nrhy;yl;il
trdk; $Wthu; fhl;rpg;glq;fs;
rKj;jpuq;fs;

gb-02
fhl;rpg;glq;fis
fhz;gpj;J
fUj;Jf;fis
Kd;itj;jy;
jhdhf 02 kzp Neuk;
jiyikj;Jt nraw;ghL-04 Kd;tUk;
gz;Gfis jpwikahd cs tpUj;jp
Vw;g;gLj;j MNyhrid kdg;ghq;F
Cf;Ftpg;G topfhl;ly;fis Vw;g;gLj;jy;
nrhw;nghopTfs; Nkw;nfhs;sy;.
%yk; jhdhf
Kd;tUk; jpwid gb-01
Vw;g;gLj;jy;.
ghlrhiy
MNyhrfu; %yk; MNyhrid
MNyhrid topfhl;ly;
toq;fy; Fwpg;Gf;fs;

gb-02

vd;dhYk;
khztu;fSf;F
MNyhrid
toq;fy;

22
juk; 07 nraw;ghL 05
Gtpapay; nfhLf;fg;gLk;
ghlj;jpy; FOthf Ntiyia
jhdhf ,ize;J Kd;epd;W
Kd;te;J tFg;giwapy; epiwNtw;wy;
nraw;gLthu; ,yq;ifapd; Kd;itg;G
Njrpa jpwid
kuGupikfis mjpfupj;jy;
Kd;itj;jy;

gb-01 02 kzp
Neuk;
FOTld;
,ize;J Njrpa
kuGupik kuGupik
Fwpg;Gf;fis Fwpg;Gf;fs;
jahu;gLj;jy;

gb-02

jahu;gLj;jg;gl;l Kd;itg;G
Fwpg;Gf;fis Fwpg;Gf;fs;
Kd;itj;jy; bikd;
nrhy;yl;ilfs;

nraw;ghL 06 Kd;itg;Gf;fs; Kd;itg;G 02 kzp

Gtpapay; Fwpg;Gf;fs; jpwid Neuk;
ghlj;jpy; nrhy;yl;ilfs; mjpfupj;jy;
,yq;ifapy;
gy; fyhrhu
tp;laq;fis
njspthf
Kd;itg;ghu;;.

gb-01
gy; fyhrhu
mk;rq;fis
Kd; itj;jy;

23
3.3.Ma;T xOf;fq;fs;

 me;juq;fj; jd;ik : A.BMfpa ,U khztu;fspd; FLk;gk; rhu;

gpur;rpidfis Vidatu;fSf;F njupag;gLj;jhky; jfty;fis ghJfhj;J
Ngdpf; nfhs;Ntd;.

 cupaeguplk; mDkjpf;Nfhuy; : A.BMfpa ,U khztu;fs; fw;wypy; vjpu;

nfhz;Ls;s ,lu;ghl;bid eptu;j;jp nra;J nfhs;tjw;q;fhd ngw;Nwhu;
tFg;ghrpupau;fsplk; ,Ue;J mDkjp ngw;Wf; nfhs;Ntd;.

 ,yf;F FOtplk; tpUg;gj;ij ngwy; : A.BMfpa ,U khztu;fsplk; jkf;F

Vw;gl;Ls;s ,lu;ghLfis ,dq;fhzitj;J mt; epiyfis vLj;Jf; $wp
Ma;tpid Nkw;nfhs;s tp;guq;fis ngw;Wf; nfhs;Ntd;;

 mjpguplk; mDkjp ngw;Wf; nfhs;Ntd;.

 nghWg;G tpupTiuahsuplk; mDkjp ngw;Wf;nfhs;Ntd;

 cggPlhjpgjp{ njhlUW fy;tp} mDkjp ngw;Wf; nfhs;Ntd;.

24
3.4.Ma;tpd; tiuaiwfs;

kl;lf;fsg;G Njrpa fy;tpf; fy;Y}upapd; Mrpupa gapYduhfpa gh.gpurhe;j; Mfpa ehd;

vdJ fl;LW gapw;rp fhyj;jpy; Ma;T xd;wpid Nkw;nfhs;s Ntz;baJ mtrpakhd
xd;whFk;. me;j tifapy; kl;/fF/fpuhd; kj;jpaf; fy;Y}upapy; juk; 07 khztu;fspd;
Gtpapay; FOf; fw;gpj;jypd; NghJ Kd;te;J nraw;gLk; jpwid Nkk;gLj;jy; vDk;
jiyg;gpy; Ma;Tfis Nkw;nfhz;l NghJ fw;wy; fw;gpj;jy; nrad;Kiwapy;
Muk;gj;jpy; Mf;fr; nraw;ghL Ntiyj;jpl;lj;jpw;F ,zq;fp fw;gpf;Fk; NghJ
,g;gpur;rpid ,dq;fhzg;gl;lJ.

,jd; gpd;du; gpur;rpidia eptu;j;jp nra;Ak; nghUl;L mjpy; gpd; jq;fpa

khztu;fis ,dq;fhz;gjw;fhf Kw;Nrhjid elhj;jg;gl;lJ. ,jpy; ,lu;ghLila 02
khztu;fs; Ma;Tf;nfd njupT nra;J vdJ Ma;tpid Nkw;nfhz;Nld;.

,t; Mw;tpid Nkw;nfhz;l fhyf;fl;lj;jpy; gy gpur;rpidfis vjpu;nfhs;s Ntz;ba

epiy Vw;gl;lJ fPo;tUk; gpur;rpidfs; ,Ue;j NghjpYk; vdJ Ma;tpid rpwe;j
Kiwapy; Kd;ndLj;J nrd;Nwd; vd;gJ Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ.

Gtpapay; ghlj;jpy; Fiwe;jftdk; nrYj;jpaik.

ghlrhiyapy; rpy jutpUj;jp cs;sPLfs; fhzg;glhik.

Ma;T Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l fhyq;fspy; khztu; tUif rw;W ,ilapl;ljhf

fhzg;gl;lik.

Ma;Tf; fhyk; : 06 khjq;fs; ( itfhrp - fhu;j;jpif )

Neuk; - gp.g 2.00 njhlf;fk; 03 kzptiu

25
3.5 jiyaplYf;fhd mbg;gilahd nraw;ghLfspd; jpl;lj;ij
eilKiwg;gLj;jpa tpjk;(mbg;gilahd nraw;ghl;Lj; jpl;lj;Jld;
,ize;j gpujpgypg;G)

kl;/fF/fpuhd; kj;jpaf; fy;Y}upapy; juk; 07 ,y; fy;tp fw;Fk; rpy khztu;fs; FOf;
fw;wypd; NghJ Kd;te;J nraw;ghLfspy; Mu;tk; fhl;lhJ fhzg;gl;likf;fhd
fhuzj;ij ,dq;fz;L Kd;tUk; jpwid tpUj;jp nra;jy; vDk; jiyg;gpy; ,t;
Ma;T Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ.

,t; Ma;tpid Nkw;nfhs;Sk; nghUl;L Kjypy; gpur;rpidf;Fupa khztu;fis

mtjhdpg;gpd; %yk; ,dq;fz;L gpur;rpidf;Fupa khztu;fis mbg;gilahff;
nfhz;L juk; 07 ,y; fy;tp fw;Fk; khztu;fspy; FOf; fw;wypd; NghJ Kd;te;J
nraw;ghLfspy; Mu;tk; fhl;lhikf;fhd fhuzj;ij ,dq;fz;L Kd;te;J nraw;gLk;
jpwid Nkk;gLj;jy; vDk; jiyg;G njupT nra;ag;gl;lJ. ,t; Matpid
Nkw;nfhs;tjw;F nghWg;G tpupTiuahsu;fs; mjpgu; MfpNahuplk; mDkjpiag; ngw;W
gpd;du; For; nraw;ghLfspd; NghJk; Kw;Nrhjidapd; NghJk; Vida Mrpupau;fspd;
mtjhdpg;gpd; %yKk; ,uz;L khztu;fis mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L ,t;tha;T
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ.

,k;khztu;fspd; nraw;ghLfid mjpfupf;Fk; Nehf;fpy; %d;W jiyaPLfis

cUthf;fp xt;nthd;wpw;Fk; %d;W nraw;ghLfs; tPjk; elj;jp nraw;ghl;by; ngw;w
Gs;spAld; Kw;Nrhjidg; Gs;spfs; xg;gpl;L Nehf;fg;gl;ld nraw;ghLfs;
xt;nthd;wpYk; mjpfkhd Gs;spfisg; ngw;whu;fs; vdpd; ,q;F Kw;Nrhjidapd;
gpd;du; khztu;fspd; gpd;dilT eptu;j;jp nra;Ak; nghUl;L gytpjkhd fw;gpj;jy;
El;gq;fs; nraw;ghLfs; Nkyjpf tpdhf;fs; Nghd;wtw;wpd; %yk; mtu;fs;
Nkk;gLj;jg;gl;lhu;fs;.

,yf;f FO khztu;fspd; tpguk;

ml;ltiz 2.4 ,yf;F FO khztu;fspd; tpguk;

khztu;fspd; khjpup ngau;

A
B

Nkw;$wg;gl;l khztu;fs; FOr;nraw;ghl;bd; NghJ Kd; te;J nraw;gLk; jpwd;

Fiwe;jtu;fs; vd ,dq;fhzg;gl;ltu;fs;.

26
Kw;Nrhjidg; Gs;spfs; ml;ltid

ml;ltiz 2.5 Kw;Nrhjidg; Gs;spfs;

khztu; ngau; Gs;spfs;

A 40
B 30

glk; 2.2 Kw;Nrhjidg;Gs;sp ryhif tiuG

27
jiyaPL – 1
njupT nra;ag;gl;L Ma;Tf;F cl;gLj;jpa khztu;fis Ma;tpd; Nehf;fk;
milag;ngWtjw;F gapw;rpfSf;F cl;gLj;jp mtu;fis tpUj;jp nra;jy;
fl;lhakhdjhFk;. me;j tifapy; ,k; KjyhtJ jiyaPlhdJ khztu;fs; A B Mfpa
,UtUf;Fk; Mu;tk; cila tplaq;fis Neu;fhzy; %yk; mwpe;J mr;
nraw;ghLfSf;F jhkhf Kd;te;J nraw;gl;L jiyikj;JtG; gz;Gfis tpUj;jp
nra;J mtu;fis FOf;fw;wypd; NghJk; Kd;te;J nraw;gLk; jpwid tpUj;jp
nra;jy; MFk;. Neu;fhzy; nra;tjd; %yk; AB Mfpa ,UtupdJk; Mu;tk; cila
tpilaq;fis mwptNjhL mtu;fspd; NgRk; Mw;wiyAk; tsu;f;f KbAk;. mj;NjhL
tpisahl;L kw;Wk; gpbj;j tplak; njhlu;ghd jfty;fis Kd; te;J midtUf;Fk;
$Wk; NghJ mtu;fspd; $r;rRghtk; ePq;FtNjhL jiyikj;Jtg; gz;GfSk; tsUk;.

nraw;ghL – 1
khztu;fis Ma;Tf;F cl;gLj;j Kd;du; khztu;fspd; tpUg;gk; jfty; Njit
vd;gdtw;iw mwpjy; Ntz;Lk;. mjw;fhf AB Mfpa ,U khztu;fisAk; Neu;fhzy;
nra;tjd; %yk; jfty;fisg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;s KbAk;. mtu;fsJ rfghbfis
Neu;fhzy; nra;tjd; %yk; AB Mfpa khztu;fs; njhlu;ghd Nkyjpf
jfty;fisAk; ngw;Wf; nfhs;s KbAk;.

gbKiw – 1
AB Mfpa ,U khztu;fisAk; jdpj; jdpahf Neu;fhzy; Nkw;nfhz;L mtu; njhlu;ghd
jfty;fs;> gpd;ddp kw;Wk; mtu;fSf;Fupa Mu;tk; cila tplaq;fisAk; mwpe;J
nfhz;Nld; AB Mfpa ,U khztu;fSf;Fk; tpisahLjy; ghl;Lg; gbj;jy; Nghd;w
tplaq;fspy; Mu;tk; nfhz;ltu;fs; vd mwpe;J nfhz;Nld;.gpd;G khztu;fs; ,UtUf;Fk;
jdpj;jdpahf tpdhf;nfhj;Jf;fis toq;fp mtu;fs; njhlu;ghd Nkyjpf tpguq;fisAk;
mwpe;Jnfhz;Nld;. Neu;fhzy; %yk; gakpd;wp gjpyspf;Fk; Mw;wy; mtu;fspy; fhzg;gl;lJ.

gbKiw – 2
Fwpg;gp;l;l khztu;fs; AB njhlu;ghd Nkyjpf jfty;fisg; ngw;Wf; nfhz;l
mtu;fsJ rfghbfis Neu;fhzYf;F cw;gLj;jp mk; khztu;fspd; elj;ij>
kdntOr;rp nraw;ghLfs; Nghd;wtw;iw mwpe;J nfhz;Nld;.

28
KjyhtJ nraw;ghl;Lg; Gs;sp

ml;ltiz 2.6 KjyhtJ jiyaplYf;fhd KjyhtJ nraw;ghl;Lg; Gs;sp

khztu;fs; Gs;spfs;
A 75
B 60

glk; 2.3 jiyaply; 01 ,w;fhd KjyhtJ nraw;ghl;bw;fhd ngw;w Gs;spfs;

njhlu;ghd ryhif tiuG

80

70

60

50

40 Kw;Nrhjid
nraw;ghl;L Gs;sp
30

20

10

0
A B

29
nraw;ghL – 2
nraw;ghL 1 ,d; %yk; fpilj;j jfty;fisf; nfhz;L ,r; 2 tJ nraw;ghL ,lk;
ngw;wJ tpisahl;by; mjpf Mu;tKila AB Mfpa ,U khztu;fisAk; Kd; te;J
nraw;gl gy tpisahl;Lr; re;ju;gq;fis Vw;gLj;jpf; nfhLj;J mtjhdpg;gpy;
<Lgl;Nld;.mtu; tpisahl;by; gq;Fjhuu;fshfTk; FOtpw;F jiytuhfTk; NkYk; rpy
tpisahl;Lf;F eLtuhfTk; mk; khztu;fis <LgLj;jpNdd;.,jd; %yk; mtu;fSs;
Mu;tk; J}z;lg;gl;L Kd;tUk; jpwd; jiyikj;Jt gz;Gfs; tpisahl;by; ntw;wp
ngWtjw;F jdf;fhd gq;fspg;G Nghd;w tplaq;fs;; tpUj;jpaila Vw;ghLfs;
nra;Njd;.

gbKiw – 01

ikjhdj;jpy; fug;ge;jhl;lk; fpupf;nfl; Nghd;w tpisahl;by; AB Mfpa ,U

khztu;fisAk; <LgLj;jp tpisahl;by; Mu;tj;ij Vw;gLj;jp gpd;du; mtu;fs;
,UtiuAk; xt;nthU mzpf;F jiytuhf epakpj;J tFg;giwapy; rpW
tpisahl;Lf;fspy; <LgLj;jp mtu;fsJ mzp ntw;wp ngWtjw;F mzpj; jiytu;
vd;w uPjpapy; mtu;fSs; mu;g;gzpg;ig mtjhdpj;Njd;. mtu;fs; ,UtUk; jkJ mzp
ntw;wp ngWtjw;F nghUj;jkhd cj;jpfis ifahz;L ntw;wpf;F Kaw;rpj;jij
mtjhdpf;f Kbe;jJ ,t;thW jiyikg;nghWg;ig toq;fpajd; ;%yk; mtu;fsJ
jyikj;Jtg; gz;Gfs; tpUj;jpaile;jd. AB Mfpa ,U khztu;fSk; rpwg;ghfNt
nraw;gl;ldu;.

gbKiw – 02
tFg;giwapy; ,U FOf;fshf khztu;fis gpupj;J tpdhf;fis tpdtp gjpy;
mspg;gJ Nghd;W xU tpisahl;il Nkw;nfhz;L AB Mfpa ,U khztu;fisAk;
eLtuhf epakpj;J xUtiu Gs;sp toq;FgtuhfTk; kw;wa khztid tpdhf;fis
tpdtp mJ rupahdjh vd KbT nra;Ak; gzpapYk; <LgLj;jp mtu;fsJ MSikg;
gz;Gfis mtjhdpj;Njd;. AB Mfpa ,U khztu;fisAk; kpfTk; jpwd;gl jkf;F
toq;fg;gl;l tplaq;fis Nkw;;nfhz;ldu;.mtu;fsplk; vt;tpj rQ;rypg;Gk; ,d;wp
KOikahf mg;gzpapy; gq;F gw;wpdu;.

30
nraw;ghl;L Gs;sp-02

ml;ltiz 2.7 KjyhtJ jiyaplYf;fhd ,uz;lhtJ nraw;ghl;Lg; Gs;sp

khztu; ngau; Gs;spfs;

A 90
B 85

glk; 2.4 jiyaply; 01 ,w;fhd ,uz;lhtJ nraw;ghl;bw;fhd ngw;w Gs;spfs;

njhlu;ghd ryhif tiuG

100

90

80

70

60

50 Kw;Nrhjid
40 nraw;ghl;L Gs;sp

30

20

10

0
A B

31
nraw;ghL – 03
,r; nraw;ghl;bd; Nehf;fk; khztu;fspd; Kd;tUtjw;fhd $r;r Rghtj;ij ePf;fp
xJq;fp epw;gij jtpu;j;J Kd; tUtjw;nfd re;ju;g;gj;ij toq;Fjy; MFk;. ,jw;fhf
khztu;fSf;F vspa jiyg;G> fhl;rpg;glk; xd;iw toq;fp mJ njhlu;ghd
tplaq;fis Vida khztu;fSf;F Kd; mjid njspTgLj;jpf; $WtjhFk; ,jw;F
AB Mfpa ,U khztu;fSk; cl;gLj;jg;gl;ldu;.

gbKiw – 01
A vDk; khztd; vdJ ez;gd; vDk; jiyg;gpy; 05 trdk; Rakhf jahupj;J
Kdte;J tplaj;jpid $wpdhd;. Muk;gj;jpy; jaq;fpdhYk; nfhLf;fg;gl;l jiyg;G
njhlu;ghd tplaqfis rpwg;ghf njspTgLj;jpdhu;. B vDk; khztd; ehd; fz;l
fdT vDk; jiyg;gpy; jdf;fhd nkhop eilapy; fUj;Jf;fis Kd;itj;jhu;. ,tu;
rw;W gjw;wj;JlNd Kd;itg;ig Nkw;nfhz;lhu;.

gbKiw - 02
,yq;ifapd; miktpl tpsf;fj;jpid ,yq;if GwTUt glj;jpidf; nfhz;L jdp
miktplj;jpid rhu;G miktplj;jpid tpsf;fk; mspf;f re;ju;g;gk; mspj;J NkYk;
cyfg; GwTUtg;glj;ij fhl;rpg;gLj;jp rKj;jpuq;fs; fz;lq;;fis ,dq;fz;L
Kd;itj;jhu;.

nraw;ghl;L Gs;sp-03

ml;ltiz 2.8 KjyhtJ jiyaplYf;fhd %d;whtJ nraw;ghl;Lg; Gs;sp

khztu; ngau; Gs;spfs;

A 75
B 70

32
glk; 2.5 jiyaply; 01 ,w;fhd %d;whtJ nraw;ghl;bw;fhd ngw;w Gs;spfs;
njhlu;ghd ryhif tiuG

80

70

60

50

40 Kw;Nrhjid
nraw;ghL
30

20

10

0
A B

gpujpgypg;G
AB Mfpa ,k; khztu;fSk; fw;wypd ghy; Mu;tk; Fd;wpatu;fshTk; tpisahl;L
,izg;ghltpjhd nraw;ghL Nghd;wtw;wpy; Mu;tk; cilatu;fshTk; fhzg;gl;ldu;.
,jd; %yk; mtu;fis tpisahl;Lf;F cl;gLj;jpad; %yk; mtu;fsJ jyikj;Jtk;
gz;G FOthf nraw;gly; eLepiyj;jd;ik vd;gd mjpfstpy; fhzg;gl;lij
mtjhdpf;f Kbe;jJ. tplak; njhlu;ghd fUj;Jf;fis gpwuplk; gfpUk;NghJ A vDk;
khztid tpl B vDk; khztd; gjw;wJld; fhzg;gl;lhd;. vDk; fhyg; Nghf;fpy;
mjid khw;Wk; tha;g;Gf;fs; mjpfkhf fhzg;gLfpd;wd.

33
jiyaPL – 02
KjyhtJ jiyaPl;by; vjpu;ghu;j;j elj;ij khw;wk; fpilf;fg; ngw;wij njhlu;e;J
mk; khztu;fSf;fhd ,uz;lhtJ jiyaPl;Lj; jpl;lj;ij eilKiwg;gLj;jpNdd.,j;
jiyaPl;by; mk;khztu;fSf;fhd jyikj;Jtkg; gz;GfisAk; Kd;tUk; cstpUj;jp
kdg;ghq;F vdgtw;iw Vw;gLj;Jk; Nehf;fhf jyikj;Jtg; gapw;rpfis toq;fpaik
kw;Wk; ngupahu;fspd; Cf;Ftpg;Gr; nrhw;nghopTfs; %yk; jhdhf Kd; tUk; jpwid
tsu;j;njLg;gjhFk;.

nraw;ghL – 1
mt;tpU khztu;fSf;Fk; jpwikahd MNyhrid topfhl;ly; Mrpupau; %yk;
topfhl;ly;fs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;ld. kl;Lkd;wp vd;dhYk; mk;khztu;fSf;F
MNyhrid topfhl;ly; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;ld.

gbKiw – 1
mk; khztu;fSf;fhd Cf;Ftpg;G kw;Wk; jhdhf Kd;tUk; cstpUj;jp kw;Wk;
kdg;ghq;F vd;gtw;iw Vw;gLj;Jtjw;fhf rpNu\;l Mrpupau; xUtuhy; mtu;fSf;fhd
MNyhrid topfhl;ly;fis Nkw;nfhs;s Vw;ghLfis nra;J nfhLj;Njd;.mjd;
gpufhuk; mk;khztu;fs; ,UtUf;Fk; rpwe;j Kiwapy; MNyhrid topfhl;ly; vd;gd
,lk; ngw;wd. ,J khztu;fSf;F kpfg; ngupa jhf;fj;ij cstpay; uPjpapy;
Vw;gl;lik tFg;giwapy; mtjhdpf;f Kbe;jJ.

gbKiw – 2
rpNu\;l Mrpupau; mtu;fSs; cjtpAld; mk;khztu;fSf;F vd; %yk; MNyhrid
topfhl;ly; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;ld. vq;fs; ,Utu; %yk; toq;fg;gl;l Nghjidfs; %yk;
mtu;fspd; cstpay; uPjpahd khw;wq;fs; Vw;gl;L mtw;wpd; ngWNgW rpwe;j Kiwapy;
tFg;giwr; nraw;ghLfspy; mtjhdpf;f Kbe;jJ.

34
nraw;ghl;L Gs;sp-01

ml;ltiz 2.9 jiyaPL-02 ,w;fhd KjyhtJ nraw;ghl;L Gs;sp

khztu;fs; Gs;spfs;
A 90
B 80

glk; 2.6 jiyaply; 02 ,w;fhd KjyhtJ nraw;ghl;bw;fhd ngw;w Gs;spfs;

njhlu;ghd ryhif tiuG

gpujpgypg;G
,j;jiyaPl;by; khztu;fs; KOikahf cl;gLj;jp kdjstpy; mtu;fsplk;
jyikj;Jtg; gz;Gfis tpUj;jp nra;jNjhL Kd;te;J tpidj;jpwdhf nraw;gLk;
Mw;wiy mjpfupj;jNjhL $r;r Rghtk; kw;Wk; gpd;thq;Fk; kw;Wk; xJq;fp epw;Fk;
kdg;ghq;if Fiwj;J khztu;fs; KOikahf nraw;ghLf;Ff; <LgLtjpy; Mu;tj;ij
Vw;gLj;j Kbe;jJ. ,j; jiyaPl;by; khztu;fspy; ebj;jy; nraw;ghl;by;
khj;jpuk;khztu;fs; $r;r Rghtj;ij ntspg;gLj;jpaJ mtjhdpf;f Kbe;jJ. jtpu
Vida tpilaq;fs; Ma;tpy; ntw;wpaspj;j xd;whfNt fhzg;gl;lJ.

35
jiyaPL – 3
Vw;fdNt eilKiw tUj;jg;gl;l jiyaPLfs; ,uz;Lk; nghJthf khztu;fsplk;
fhzg;gLk; gz;Gfis mjpfupg;gjw;fhf ,lk; ngw;wjhFk;. Mdhy; ,j; jiyaPlhdJ
jw;rkak; fy;tp fw;Wf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; juk; 07K tFg;gpw;fhd vd;Dila ghlk;
nrad;Kiwj; Gtpapay; ghlj;jpy; cs;slf;fg;gl;l ghl tplak; njhlu;ghd
nraw;ghLfis jhkhf Kd;te;J nra;tjw;F jahu;gLj;Jtjw;fhFk;. ,jd; %yk;
mtu;fSf;F toq;fgLk; nraw;ghLfs; FOtpdUld; ,ize;J gzpahw;wp Kd;epd;W
epiwNtw;Wtjw;F MFk;. ,jd; %yk; mtu;fspd; mu;gzpg;G gq;fspg;G jiyikj;Jtk;
Kd;itg;G nra;Ak; jpwd; ghlrhiy kw;Wk; tPLfspy; jhkhf Kd;te;J
nraw;ghLfis epiwNtw;Wk; jd;ikia ed;whf mtjhdpf;f Kbe;jJ.

nraw;ghL – 01
me;j tifapy; Gtpapay; ghlj;jpy; Njrpa kuGupik vDk; gFjpapy; ghlrhiyapy;
FOtpdu;fSld; ,ize;J Kd;itg;G xd;W Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ. ,t; Kd;itg;gpy;;
mk;khztu;fspd; <LghL kw;Wk; mtu;fspd; jiyikj;Jtk; vd;gtw;iw vd;dhy;
mtjhdpf;f Kbe;jJ.

gbKiw – 01
Kd;itg;Gf;fhf 04 FOf;fSf;Fk; FOj;jiytupd; fl;lisg; gb FOtpdUld;
,ize;J Njrpa kuGupik Fwpg;Gf;fis jahu; nra;jdu;. ,f; FOf;fspy; mk;
khztu;fs; ,UtUk; xt;nthU FOf;fSf;F jiytuhf epakpf;fg;gl;L mtu;fs;
jiyikj;Jtj;jpy; mf;FO Kd;itg;G nra;jij mtjhdpf;f Kbe;jJ.

gbKiw – 2
,t;thW jahu; nra;ag;gl;l Njrpa kuGupik Fwpg;Gf;fis njupT nra;J Kd;itg;G
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ. xt;nthU FOtpw;Fk; xt;nthU jiyg;G toq;fg;gl;ld.
FOtpdupd; cjtpAld; Njrpa kuGupik tiffis gpupj;J Kd;itg;G
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ. FOf;fspd; jiytu;fs; Nghl;bapl;L jkJ FOf;fis
Kd;dpiyg;gLj;j jPtpukha; cioj;jij fhzf; $bajhf ,Ue;jJ.

36
nraw;ghl;L; Gs;sp-01

ml;ltiz 2.10 jiyaPL-03 ,w;fhd KjyhtJ nraw;ghl;L Gs;sp

khztu; ngau; Gs;spfs;

A 95
B 90

glk; 2.7 jiyaply; 03 ,w;fhd KjyhtJ nraw;ghl;bw;fhd ngw;w Gs;spfs;

njhlu;ghd ryhif tiuG

37
nraw;ghL – 2
mLj;j fl;lkhf juk; 07 Gtpapay; ghlj;jpy; gy;fyhrhuk; vDk; ghlg;gug;gpy;
nghJthd kw;Wk; Fwpg;ghd mk;rq;fis gFj;jwpAk;NghJ mjid xOq;FgLj;jpa
Fwpg;Gf;fis njhFj;J mjid Kd;itg;Gr; nra;Ak; nraw;ghL tFg;giwapy; ,lk;
ngw;wJ. ,jd; Nehf;fk; $r;r Rghtkpd;wp FOthf ,ize;J nraw;gl;L
mt;tplaq;fis Kd;itf;Fk; Mw;wiy mjpfupj;jNy MFk;. me;j tifapy;
mjw;fhd nraw;ghLfs; ,uz;L gbKiwfspd; Clhf ,lk; ngw;wJ.

gbKiw – 01
gy;fyhrhuk; vDk; ghlg;gug;gpy; gy;fyhrhu mk;rq;fis njhFj;J 4 FOf;fSk;
Kd;itg;Gr; nra;jdu;. ,jpy; Ma;Tf;Fj; njupT nra;ag;gl;l ,uz;L khztu;fSk; jq;fsJ
FO rhu;ghf Kd;itg;gpid Nkw;nfhz;ldu;. Vida Kd;itg;GfSld; ; xg;gpLk; NghJ
,tu;fsJ Kd;itg;G rw;W ke;jkhfNt fhzg;gl;lJ. fhuzk; mtu;fsJ Kjy; Kd;itg;Gr;
nrad;Kiw ,JthFk;.

gbKiw – 02
mNj ghlg;gug;gpy; mtu;fSf;fhd ,uz;lhtJ Kd;itg;Gr; re;jug;gk; Vw;gLj;jpf;
nfhLf;fg;gl;lJ. 04 FOf;fSk; gy;fyhrhu mk;rq;fis Kd;itg;Gr; nra;jdu;.
,jpYk; A vDk; khztd; Vw;fdNt ,lk; ngw;w Kd;itg;ig tpl jpUg;jpfukhd
Kd;itg;ig Nkw;nfhz;lhu;. Mdhhy; B vDk; khztd; rw;W gpd; jq;fpNa
fhzg;gl;lhu;.gpd;G mtUf;F toq;fg;gl;l njhlu; gapw;rpfspd; gpd;du; Kd;itg;Gj;
jpwdpy; rpwg;ghd Kd;Ndw;wk; fhzg;gl;lJ.

38
nraw;ghl;L Gs;spfs; 02

ml;ltiz 2.11 jiyaPL-03 ,w;fhd ,uz;lhtJ nraw;ghl;L Gs;sp

khztu; ngau; Gs;spfs;

A 98
B 95

glk; 2.8 jiyaply; 03 ,w;fhd ,uz;lhtJ nraw;ghl;bw;fhd ngw;w Gs;spfs;

njhlu;ghd ryhif tiuG

100
90
80
70
60
Kw;Nrhjid
50
nraw;ghL
40
30
20
10
0
A B

gpujpgypg;G Fwpg;G
,k; %d;whtJ jiyaPl;bd; Nehf;fk; Gtpapay; ghlj;jpy; fhzg;gLk; nraw;ghLfis
jhkhf Kd;te;J jkJ FOTld; nraw;ghLfis ,ize;J mjid nra;J Kbj;jy;
MFk;. me;jtifapy; Gtpapay; gapw;rpfis ,t; ,U khztu;fSk; jkJ
FOtpdUld; ,ize;J jpwk;gl nra;J Kbj;jdu;. ,Ug;gpDk; mwpTld; njhlu;Gila
Kd;itg;Gf;fis Nkw;nfhs;Sk; NghJ ,lu;ghLfis ntspf;fhl;bdu;. fhuzk; Kjy;
Kd;itg;G vd;gjdhy; MFk;. kl;Lkd;wp ghl uPjpapy; gpd;jq;fpa epiyapy;
,Ue;jikAk; MFk;. ,Ug;gpDk; Gtpapay; gapw;rpapd; NghJ mtu;fs;
jiyikj;Jtk;mu;gzpg;G><LghL FOthf ,ize;J nraw;gLk; tpjk;
vd;gdNkNyhq;fpNa fhzg;gl;lJ. khztd; A tpl khztd; B midj;jpYk;
jpwk;glNt nraw;gl;lhu;.

39
3.6. Kjyhk; kPs; jpl;lj;ij eilKiwg;gLj;jpa tpjKk; gpujpg;ypg;G
fz;lwpjYk;

nray;epiy Ma;thdJ ep[ cyfpy; epfOfpd;wikahy; mjid ep[khd jd;ikapNy

fhl;L;tJ gpur;rpidahdjhf mikaf; $Lk;. Ma;thsu; vd;w tifapy; jpl;lkpl;l
jiyaPl;Lg; gbKiwapd; nraw;ghLfis fhyr;rl;lfj;jpd; gb gbKiw gbKiwahf
eilKiwg;gLj;Jk; NghJ epfOgtw;iw nray;epiy Ma;T gpujpgypg;Gf;Fwpg;Ngl;by;
EZf;fkhf mtjhdpj;J gjpT nra;JsNsd; ,jd;NghJ ngw;wKbTfspd; gb
khztu;fs; Fwpj;j ,yf;fpid mile;J nfhs;Sk; Nehff;py nraw;gl;l Ntisapy;
Fwpg;gpll; rpy ,lq;fspy; ,lug;hLfis vjpu; nfhz;lhu;fs.; mt;thW ,lu;gLk;
,lq;fspy; Nkyjpf nraw;ghlhf rpy nraw;ghLfis kPsj; jpUj;jg;gl;LJ.

me;j tifapy; vdJ Ma;tpd; Nehff;khdJ juk; 07,y; khztu;fs; FOf; fw;wypd;
NghJ Kd;te;J nraw;gLk; jpwid tpUj;jp nra;jy;. ,jw;fhf khztu;fSf;F %d;W
jiyaPL Clhf nraw;ghLfis toq;fp ,t;tha;tpid Nkw;n;fhz;Nld;.

jiyaPL -01 ,y; %d;W nraw;ghLfs; Clhf khztu;fSld; tFg;giw uPjpahd

fye;Jiuahly; kw;Wk; Neu;fhzy; vd;gtw;wpd; %yKk; khztu;fSf;F gpbj;j
tplaq;fs; %yKk; nraw;ghLfis toq;fp jiyaPl;bid eilKiwg;gLj;jpa NghJ
jiyaPL-01 ,y; khztu;fs; Kd;itg;gpy; jaf;fk; fhl;bdhYk; Vida
nraw;ghLfspy; rpwg;ghfNt nraw;gl;ldu;. mjd; gpd; jiyaPL-02 I
eilKiwg;gLj;jpa NghJ mJ ntw;wp ngw;w xd;whfNt fhzg;gl;lJ. mjidj;
njhlu;e;J jiyaPL-03 I eilKiwg;gLj;jpa NghJ khztu;fSk; kpfTk; rpwg;ghf
nraw;gl;ldu;.

me;jtifapy; vdJ nray;epiy Ma;tpd; %d;whtJ jiyaPl;by; khztu;fs;

ve;jtpjkhd ,lug;hl;bid vjpu;nfhs;shky; rpwg;ghf nraw;gl;ldu;. vdNt
,j;jiyaPlhdJ ntw;wpfukhd Kiwapy; khztu;fs; kj;jpapy; Kd;Ndw;wk;
mile;Js;sJ vd;gJ Gydhfpd;wJ.

jiyaPL-01 ,Yk; jiyaPL-03 ,Yk; Kd;itg;gpy; ,lug;l;l khztu;fSf;Fwpa

nraw;ghLfs; Nkyjpfkhf toq;fg;gl;l gapw;rpfs; %yk; mtu;fs; Kd;Ndw;wk;
mile;J Nju;r;rp ngw;wdu; ,jid ,t;gpur;rpidf;Fupa kPs;jpl;lkhf
eilKiwg;gLj;jpNdd;.

40
3.7. ,uz;lhk; kPs; jpl;lj;ij eilKiwg;gLj;jpa tpjKk; gpujp;ypgg;G
fz;lwpjYk;

,uz;lhk; kPs; jpl;lj;jpid eilKiwgLj;Jtjw;fhd mtrpak; vdJ ,t;tha;tpw;F

Vw;gltpy;iy Vnddpy; ehd; vjpu;ghu;j;j tplaqf;s; vdf;F ,t;tha;tpy; ngWk;ghYk;
fpilj;J tpl;lJ.

3.8 ngw;w Gjpa mwpT

gpur;rpidiaj; jPu;g;gjw;fhd jiyaPl;L kjpg;gPlL; epakq;fis ,dq;fz;L nfhz;l

gpd; mjidr; rpwe;j Kiwapy; jpl;lkplL; eilKiwg;gLj;jy; Kf;fpakhdjhFk; me;j
eilKiwg;gLj;jypNy Ma;tpd; ntw;wp jq;fpAs;sJ vdyhk;. me;j tifapy; ehd;
,dq;fz;L nfhz;l gpur;rpidfSf;fhd jPu;Tfis gpd;tUkhW eilKiwg;gLj;jpNdd;.

Kjypy; khztu;fSf;F Neu;fhzy; fye;Jiuahly; vd;gtw;wpd; %yk; mk;

khztu;fSf;F gpbj;j tplaq;fisf; fz;L mtu;fis Kd;nfhz;L tu jiyaPLfis
jpl;lkpl;Lf; nfhz;Nld;.. xt;nthU khztuJ fy;tpawpT kl;lk; mtu;fsJ
gpur;rpidfs; vd;gtw;iw fUj;jpw; nfhz;L vdJ nraw;ghl;ilj; jpl;lkpl;Nld;.
khztu;fSf;F ghl Mrpupau; tUif juhj NghJ mg;ghl gjpy; ghl Mrpupauhf
nrd;W khztu;fSld; fye;Jiuahly; Nkw;nfhz;Nld; NkYk; Nkyjpf tFg;G
Neuq;fspYk; vdJ nraw;ghl;il eilKiwg;gLj;jpNdd;.

mLj;J khzth;fSf;F MNyhrid topfhl;ly; tpisahl;L Kd;itg;G vd;gtwwpd;

%yk; $r;r Rghtk; gpd;dilthd kdepiy vd;gtw;iw khw;wp mtu;fis
tsg;gLj;jpf; nfhz;Nld;.

NkYk; khztu;fSf;F FOr; nraw;ghl;by; cs;s jilfis ePf;fp mtu;fs; gakpd;wp

nraw;gl tha;g;Gf;fis Vw;gLj;jpf; nfhLj;Njd;. ,jw;fhf gy;NtW Elg;q;fis
gad;gLj;jpNdd;.

,t;thW vdJ jiyaPl;Lr; nraw;ghLfis Nkw;n;fhs;ifapy; xt;nthU

khztu;fspdJk; kdepiyiaf; fUj;jpy; nfhz;L mjw;Nfw;g nraw;ghLfisj;
jpl;lkpl;N;ld;. ghuhl;Lf;fs; toq;fp Cf;fg;gLj;jpNdd;. ,t;thwhd topKiwfshy;
jhDk; ghuhl;Lff;isg; ngwNtz;Lk; vd;w Nehff;py; khztu;fs; rpwg;ghfr;
nra;jhu;fs.; ,jdhy; fw;wy; fw;gpj;jy; nraw;ghl;b;y; xt;nthU khztUk;
Kd;N;dw;wkhd ghijia mile;J nfhs;thu; vd ek;Gfpd;Nwd;.

41
Ma;tpd; %yk; ehd; fw;Wf;nfhz;lJ.
kl;/fF/fpuhd; kj;jpa fy;Yhupapy; juk; 07 ,y; fy;tp gapYk; khztu;fs; Gtpapay; ghlj;jpy;
“khztu;fs; FOf;fw;wypd; NghJ Kd;te;J nraw;gLk; jpwid tsu;j;jy;” vDk; jiyg;gpy;
nray;epiy Ma;tpid Nkw;nfhz;ljdhy; ehd; fw;Wf; nfhz;litfs;>

1. nray;epiy Ma;T vd;why; vd;d vd;gJ gw;wpf; fw;Wf; nfhz;N;ld;.

2. gpur;rid xd;wpid vt;thW ,dq;fhz;gJ vd;gJ gw;wpf; fw;Wf; nfhzN;ld;.

3. gpur;rid xd;iw vt;thW Ma;Tf;Fl;gLj;jp jPu;T fhz;gJ vd;w jpwidAk;>

mDgtj;ijAk; fw;Wf; nfhz;Nld;.

4. Ma;twpf;if xd;iw vt;thW jahupf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gjidf; fw;Wf; nfhz;Nld;.

,t;thW khztu;fSila gpur;rpidia jPu;j;J ,r; nray;epiy Ma;tpid

Nkw;nfhz;ljd; tpisthf gpd;tUk; njhopy;rhu; jpwd;fis tpUj;jp nra;J nfhs;s
KbAk; vd;gjid ehd; fw;Wf; nfhzN;ld;.

1. gpur;ridf;F jPu;T fhZk; jpwidg; ngWtjd; Clhf njhopy; thz;ikia tpUj;jp

nra;J nfhs;s KbAk;.

2. vjpu;fhy> epfo;fhy fy;tp epiyia tpUj;jp nra;J nfhs;s KbAk;.

khztu;fspd; jpwd; miltpid Nkk;gLj;j KbAk;

42
khztu; ngw;w ed;ikfs;.

1. jd;dk;gpf;if jiyikj;Jt gz;G vd;gd tsu;f;fg;gl;ld.

2. cly; Njhw;wj;ijAk; fk;gPuj;jijAk; tsu;g;gjw;F mtrpakhff; fhzg;gl;lJ.

3. khztu;fspilNa xw;WikAk; tpl;Lf; nfhLf;Fk; kdg;ghq;Fk; tsu;f;fg;gl;lJ.

4. khztu;fspilNa FOf; fw;wy; njhlu;ghd ey;nyz;zq;fis J}z;l Kbe;jJ.

5. clw;jifik gz;Gfis tsu;j;J MNuhf;fpak; cilatu;fshf khw;w Kbe;jJ.

6. MSikg; gz;Gfs; tsu;f;fg;gl;lJ.

7. $r;r Rghtj;ij ePf;fp Kd; itg;Gfis ,yFthf;fpaik.

8. mtu;fsplk; fhzg;gLk; Mw;wy; ntspf;nfhzug;gl;lJ.

Ma;tpd; KbT

Fwpj;j Ma;T ngUk;ghYk; vdf;F ntw;wpaspj;j xd;whfNt fhzg;gl;lJ. ,t;

Ma;tpd; Kbtpd; gb khztu;fs; FOr; nraw;ghl;bd; NghJ Kd; te;J nraw;gLk;
jpwidf; nfhz;L tUtjw;F nra;ag;gl;l jiyaPLfs; xt;nthd;wpd; Clhf mj;
jpwidg; ngw;Wf; nfhz;ldu; vd;gJ Gydhfpd;wJ. NkYk; khztu;fs; Vida
ghlq;fspYk; FOr; nraw;ghL Nkw;nfhs;Sk; NghJ jkJ jpwd;fis ntspf;
fhl;Lthu;fs; vd ek;g Kbfpd;wJ. kw;Wk; Kw;Nrhjidfs; %yk; Gs;spfis jw;NghJ
xg;gpLk; NghJ mtu;fspy; Kd;Ndw;wk; ,Ug;gij mtjhdpf;f Kbfpd;wJ. kl;Lkd;wp
mtu;fsJ MSik jiyikj;Jtg; gz;G Kd;itg;Gj; jpwd; vd;gd tpUj;jp
mile;jpUg;gij mtjhdpf;f Kbfpd;wJ. Nkw;Fwpg;gpl;l tplaq;fspd; mbg;gilapy;
vdJ Ma;thdJ ntw;wp ngw;Ws;sJ.

43
Kw;Nrhjidapd; KbT
glk; 2.9 Kw;Nrhjidapd; KbT njhlu;ghd ryhif tiuG

Kw;Nrhjid
45

40

35

30

25

20 Kw;Nrhjid
15

10

0
A B

nraw;ghl;bd; gpd;duhd Gs;sp

glk; 2.10 nraw;ghl;bd; gpd;duhd ngw;w Gs;spfs; njhlu;ghd ryhif tiuG

jiyaPPLfspd; gpd;du;
91

90

89

88

87

86 jiyaPPLfspd; gpd;du;
85

84

83

82
A B

Nkw;Fwpg;gpl;l Gs;spfshdJ rfy nraw;ghLfisAk; Kiwahf njhFj;J ruhrupahf

,lg;gl;l Gs;spfshFk;.

44
jiyaPL 1 Fwpa ,idg;Gf;fs;

45
jiyaPL 02 njhlu;ghd ,idg;Gf;fs;

46
jiyaPL 03 Fwpa ,izg;Gf;fs;

47
crhj;Jiz E}y;fs;

1. n[auhrh.r.gh (2004), „‟Ma;T Kiwapay;‟‟ 148 ,gyhyp tPjp guNk];tuh re;jp

,jpUney;Ntyp, aho;g;ghzk;

2. rpd;dj;jk;gp.f. (2011) ‘’fy;tp Ma;tpay;‟‟; NrkkL gjpg;gfk;

3. Kj;Jypq;fk;.r (1995) „‟fy;tp cstpay;‟‟; fyhepjp.r.Kj;Jypq;fk; xd;lwpNah,

fdlh

4. Njrpa fy;tp epWtfk; (1995) ‘’fy;tpr; r%ftpay;‟‟ kfufk ntspaPL

5. Njrpa fy;tp epWtfk; (1995) „‟fy;tpr; topfhl;ly; MNyhrid‟‟ kfufk

ntspaPL

6. ngdbf;w; ghyd;.Nah (2000) „‟fy;tp cstpay; mbg;gilfs;‟‟ G+ghyrpq;fk;

Gj;jfrhiy, 340 ,nrl;bj;njU, nfhOk;G-11

7. Rtu;zuh[h.f (2011) ‘’mwpif njhopw;ghLfSk; Mrpupau;fSk;‟‟; NrkkL

Gj;jfrhiy, nfhOk;G

8. Fduhrh.f (1995) ‘’fpufpj;jy;’’ fgfk; gjpg;gfk; ntspaPL.

48
nry;td;.gh.gpurhe;

kl;lf;fsg;G Njrpa fy;tpf; fy;Y}up>

jhoq;Flh.

mjpgu;>

kl;/fF/ fpuhd; kj;jpa fy;Yhup

Iah>

nray; epiy Ma;tpid Nkw;nfhs;tjw;fhd mDkjp Nfhuy;.

kl;lf;fsg;G Njrpa fy;tpf; fy;Y}upapd; 2022 Mk; Mz;bw;fhd fl;LWg; gapw;rp

Mrpupag; gapYdu; nry;td;.gh..gpurhe; Mfpa ehd; kl;/fF/ fpuhd; kj;jpa fy;Yhupapy;
nray;epiy Ma;tpid Nkw;nfhs;sTs;Nsd;. juk; 07K ,y; fy;tp gapYk; khztu;fs;
Gtpapay; ghlj;jpy; “FOr;nraw;ghl;bd; NghJ Kd;te;J nraw;gLk; jpwid tpUj;jp
nra;jy;” vDk; jiyg;gpy; vdJ nray; epiy Ma;tpid Kd;ndLj;Jr; nry;y
mDkjp toq;FkhW kpfj;jho;ikAld; Nfl;Lf; nfhs;fpdNwd;.

,g;gbf;F

cz;ikAs;s Mrpupag;gapYdu;.

………………………… …………….

(gh.gpurhe;)

........................................................................

ghlrhiy mjpgu;

49
nry;td;.gh.gpurhe;

kl;lf;fsg;G Njrpa fy;tpf; fy;Y}up>

jhoq;Flh.

cg gPlhjpgjp(njhlUWfy;tp)

kl;lf;fsg;G Njrpa fy;tpf; fy;Y}up>

jhoq;Flh.

fdk; mk;kzp>

nray; epiy Ma;tpid Nkw;nfhs;tjw;fhd mDkjp Nfhuy;.

kl;lf;fsg;G Njrpa fy;tpf; fy;Y}upapd; 2022 Mk; Mz;bw;fhd fl;LWg; gapw;rp

Mrpupag; gapYdu; nry;td;.gh.gpurhe; Mfpa ehd; kl;/fF/ fpuhd; kj;jpa fy;Yhupapy;
nray;epiy Ma;tpid Nkw;nfhs;sTs;Nsd;. juk; 07K ,y; fy;tp gapYk; khztu;fs;
Gtpapay; ghlj;jpy; “FOr;nraw;ghl;bd; NghJ Kd;te;J nraw;gLk; jpwid tpUj;jp
nra;jy;” vDk; jiyg;gpy; vdJ nray; epiy Ma;tpid Kd;ndLj;Jr; nry;y
mDkjp toq;FkhW kpfj;jho;ikAld; Nfl;Lf; nfhs;fpdNwd;.

,g;gbf;F

cz;ikAs;s Mrpupag;gapYdu;.

……………………………………….

(gh.gpurhe;)

........................................................................

cg gPlhjpgjp(njhlUW fy;tp)

50
cj;Njr fhyr;rl;lfk;

51
Nkw;ghu;itahsu; mwpf;if

Mrpupag; gapYeu; ngau; - nry;td;.gh.gpu\he;

gjptpyf;fk; - 2019/BNOE/SO.SC/T/M/64

fw;ifnewp – r%f tpQ;Qhdk;

ghlrhiy - kl;/fF/ fpuhd; kj;jpa fy;Yhup

Ma;Tj; jiyg;G – juk; 07K khztu;fs; FOf; fw;wypd; NghJ Kd; te;J nraw;gLk;
jpwid tpUj;jp nra;jy;

njhlu; Nkw;nfhz;l nray; MNyhrfupd; xg;gk;

,y
01 gpujpgypg;G gjpNtl;L mwpf;iffisg;
guprPypj;jYk; Muha;rr
; pg; gpur;rpidiaj;
njupTnra;a cjTjYk;

02 Muha;r;rp Kd;nkhopit jahupf;f

topfhl;ly;

03 jiyaPl;ilj; jpll;kpl;L
eilKiwg;gLj;Jtjw;fhd MNyhrid
toq;fYk; Nkwg;hu;it nra;jYk;

04 Muha;r;rp ehl;Fwpg;Ngl;il
mtjhdpj;jYk; Njitahd toq;FjYk;

05 mwpf;ifg;gLj;j MNyhrid toq;fYk;

gUkl;lhd mwpf;ifia mq;fpfupj;jYk;

,e;j Muha;rpf; fl;Liu NkNyngau; Fwpg;gplg;gl;l gapy;T ehbapdhy; Rakhf

jahupf;fg;gl;l Mf;fk; vd;gij cWjpg;gLj;JfpNwd;.

………………… …………………… …………………….

jpfjp ifnahg;gk; tpupTiuahsu;

52
MNyhrf tpupTiuahsupd; tpje;Jiug;G :-

ifnahg;gk; :

ngau; :

jpfjp :

cggPlhjpgjp(njhlUWMrpupau;fy;tp)........................................................................................................

jpU/jpUkjp/nry;tp tz....................................................................................................................vdJ

nray;epiy Ma;T ,Wjp mwpf;ifiaAk; Ma;Tg; gjpNtl;ilAk; (N[u;dy;)

................................ Me; jpfjpad;W nghWg;Ngw;wikia cWjpg;gLj;Jfpd;Nwd;.

cg gPlhjpgjp (njhlUW Mrpupau;fy;tp)

…………………………......................

ifnahg;gk;

jpfjp :- gjtp Kj;jpiu :-

53