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RESEARCH STUDY NOTES

The document outlines the structure and components of a research proposal, including the introduction, literature review, and methodology. It emphasizes the importance of a clear problem statement, research questions, and a robust research design to ensure valid and reliable findings. Key takeaways highlight the necessity of thorough background information, rigorous methodology, and the integration of literature to justify the study's significance.

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hanose
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2 views

RESEARCH STUDY NOTES

The document outlines the structure and components of a research proposal, including the introduction, literature review, and methodology. It emphasizes the importance of a clear problem statement, research questions, and a robust research design to ensure valid and reliable findings. Key takeaways highlight the necessity of thorough background information, rigorous methodology, and the integration of literature to justify the study's significance.

Uploaded by

hanose
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter One: Introduction

1.1 Background of the Study

 Purpose:
– Provide a general description of the study area to spark the reader’s interest.
– Establish context by summarizing relevant historical, social, or scientific background.

 Key Tip:
– Clearly articulate the context so that readers understand why the topic is important.

1.2 Problem Statement

 Definition:
– A concise explanation of the problem being investigated.
– Should detail how the problem manifests and its potential implications.

 How to Write:
– Link the problem to existing facts or statistics.
– Explain why the issue is significant and worthy of research.

1.3 Research Questions

 Role:
– Serve as a roadmap for the study.
– Derived from the problem statement, they focus on aspects that need answers.

 Characteristics:
– Specific, clear, and directly related to the main problem.

1.4 Research Objectives

 General Objectives:
– Outline the overall purpose of the research.

 Specific Objectives:
– Break down the general objective into measurable components that the study will address.

1.5 Delimitation and Scope of the Study

 Scope:
– Defines what will and will not be covered in the research.
– Helps in keeping the study manageable.

 Delimitations:
– The boundaries set by the researcher regarding the study’s focus.

1.6 Significance of the Research

 Purpose:
– Justifies why the research is important.
– Describes how the study contributes to existing knowledge and its practical implications for
stakeholders.

1.7 Definition of Terms

 What to Include:
– Operational definitions for key concepts, unfamiliar terms, or acronyms used throughout the
research.

 Benefit:
– Provides clarity and ensures that readers interpret terms as intended.

1.8 Organization of the Study

 Outline:
– A brief summary of what each chapter or section will cover.
– Helps guide the reader through the structure of the document.

Chapter Two: Review of Relevant Literature and Theoretical Framework

Literature Review

 Purpose:
– To present an account of what has been published on the topic by credible scholars.
– Demonstrate the researcher’s understanding of the subject area.

 Key Elements:
– Organization: Structure the review around your research questions or thesis statement.
– Synthesis: Summarize and integrate findings from multiple sources.
– Critical Analysis: Identify strengths, weaknesses, and areas of controversy in the literature.
– Gaps & Questions: Highlight what is not known and propose areas for further research.

Theoretical Framework

 Definition:
– The set of theories and concepts that underpin your research study.

 Role:
– Provides a lens through which the research problem is examined.

 Usage:
– Guide the design of the study and interpretation of findings.

Chapter Three: Method

3.1 Research Design


 Definition:
– The overall strategy or blueprint for conducting the research.

 Components:
– Should align with the research objectives and provide clear guidance for data collection and
analysis.

3.2 Research Approaches

 Qualitative vs. Quantitative:


– Decide based on your research questions whether to use qualitative, quantitative, or mixed
methods.

 Reiteration of Research Questions/Hypotheses:


– Restate them if needed after reviewing literature to ensure alignment with the study’s focus.

3.3 Study Population

 Definition:
– The group of individuals or items from which data will be collected.

 Tip:
– Use the “working population” (those who are accessible and relevant to your study).

3.4 Sampling Techniques and Procedures

 Methods:
– Random sampling (for unbiased representation) or non-random methods (if justified).
– Explain why a particular sampling method is chosen.

 Sample Size:
– Must be appropriate to address the research questions effectively.

3.5 Data Collection Instruments

 Tools:
– Questionnaires, interviews, observation checklists, etc.

 Development:
– Instruments should be designed to accurately measure the variables of interest.

3.6 Pilot Studies

 Purpose:
– Pre-test your data collection tools to ensure reliability and validity.

 Outcome:
– Use pilot results to refine and improve your instruments.

3.7 Data Processing Procedure


 Plan:
– Describe how data will be organized, coded, and prepared for analysis.

 Relevance:
– Ensure procedures align with the scale and type of data collected.

3.8 Data Analysis

 Methods:
– Statistical tests, qualitative analysis techniques, software packages, etc.

 Explanation:
– Provide a rationale for the chosen methods and how they will address the research questions.

Appendices and References

 Appendices:
– Include supporting documents such as the approved research proposal, sample
questionnaires, maps, and additional data.

 References:
– List all sources cited in the proposal following the APA house style.
– Ensure all cited references appear in the reference list.

Summary Format of a Final Research Proposal

Front Matter:

 Title/Cover Page

 Declaration Page

 Board of Examiners Approval Sheet

 Acknowledgment

 Abstract

 Table of Contents

 List of Tables/Figures (if applicable)

 List of Acronyms

Main Body:

 Chapter 1: Introduction
– Background, Problem Statement, Research Objectives, Significance, Scope, Limitations,
Organization.

 Chapter 2: Literature Review


– Review of relevant literature, theoretical framework.
 Chapter 3: Research Method
– Research design, methodology, sampling, data collection and analysis.

 (Additional Chapters as Required)


– Detailed findings and discussion (for completed research papers).

Back Matter:

 References

 Appendices

Key Takeaways

 Clear Structure:
A well-organized proposal follows a structured format that guides the reader from the research
problem to the proposed method of investigation.

 Thorough Background:
Providing a comprehensive background and problem statement sets the stage for justifying the
study.

 Rigorous Methodology:
A robust research design, including careful selection of methods and sampling techniques, is
essential to gather valid and reliable data.

 Literature Integration:
The literature review should critically synthesize existing knowledge and highlight the research
gap your study aims to fill.

 Practical Considerations:
Pilot studies, clear data processing procedures, and detailed analysis plans ensure that the study
is feasible and that the findings will be credible.

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Sources: Adapted from “Research Project I.pdf” ()

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