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Fundamentals of Data Science

Data science is an interdisciplinary field that integrates statistics, computer science, and domain knowledge to extract insights from data. It involves various processes such as data collection, cleaning, exploration, modeling, and communication, utilizing algorithms for classification and analysis. Key components include data engineering, modeling, evaluation, and visualization, with data scientists playing a crucial role in interpreting and communicating results.

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Nisha Gupta
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3 views10 pages

Fundamentals of Data Science

Data science is an interdisciplinary field that integrates statistics, computer science, and domain knowledge to extract insights from data. It involves various processes such as data collection, cleaning, exploration, modeling, and communication, utilizing algorithms for classification and analysis. Key components include data engineering, modeling, evaluation, and visualization, with data scientists playing a crucial role in interpreting and communicating results.

Uploaded by

Nisha Gupta
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Fundamentals of Data Science

Chapter 1: Definition of Data Science

Data science is an interdisciplinary field that combines statistics, computer science, domain

knowledge, and data analysis techniques to extract insights and knowledge from structured and

unstructured data.

It draws upon tools and techniques from mathematics, statistics, data engineering, machine

learning, visualization, and domain-specific knowledge to transform raw data into actionable

intelligence.
Fundamentals of Data Science

Chapter 2: Basic Terminology

Basic terminology in data science includes:

- Dataset: A collection of data.

- Feature: A variable or attribute used in analysis.

- Label: The target variable in supervised learning.

- Algorithm: A procedure or formula for solving a problem.

- Model: The representation produced by training an algorithm on data.


Fundamentals of Data Science

Chapter 3: Venn Diagram of Data Science

A common Venn diagram for data science illustrates the intersection of three fields:

1. Computer Science (Programming and Software Engineering)

2. Mathematics & Statistics (Inference and Data Analysis)

3. Domain Expertise (Subject Matter Knowledge)

The center of this intersection is data science.


Fundamentals of Data Science

Chapter 4: Types of Data

Types of Data:

1. Structured Data: Organized in rows and columns (e.g., SQL databases).

2. Unstructured Data: No pre-defined format (e.g., text, images, videos).

Quantitative vs Qualitative Data:

- Quantitative: Numerical, measurable data (e.g., height, weight).

- Qualitative: Descriptive data (e.g., gender, color, opinion).


Fundamentals of Data Science

Chapter 5: The Four Levels of Data

The Four Levels of Data:

1. Nominal: Categorical without order (e.g., gender, color).

2. Ordinal: Categorical with order (e.g., ratings, education level).

3. Interval: Numerical without a true zero (e.g., temperature in Celsius).

4. Ratio: Numerical with a true zero (e.g., height, weight).


Fundamentals of Data Science

Chapter 6: Five Steps of the Data Science Process

Five Steps of the Data Science Process:

1. Data Collection: Gathering data from various sources.

2. Data Cleaning: Fixing or removing incorrect, incomplete, or duplicate data.

3. Data Exploration: Understanding patterns and distributions.

4. Modeling: Applying algorithms to build predictive models.

5. Deployment and Communication: Sharing results and deploying models.


Fundamentals of Data Science

Chapter 7: Data Science Classification

Data science classification refers to the process of categorizing data points into predefined labels or

classes using supervised learning techniques such as:

- Logistic Regression

- Decision Trees

- Random Forests

- Support Vector Machines (SVM)


Fundamentals of Data Science

Chapter 8: Data Science Algorithms

Common data science algorithms include:

- Linear and Logistic Regression

- Decision Trees and Random Forests

- K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN)

- Support Vector Machines (SVM)

- Naive Bayes

- K-Means Clustering

- Principal Component Analysis (PCA)


Fundamentals of Data Science

Chapter 9: Components of Data Science

Components of Data Science:

- Data Engineering

- Data Preparation

- Modeling

- Evaluation

- Visualization

- Communication
Fundamentals of Data Science

Chapter 10: Role of a Data Scientist

Role of a Data Scientist:

- Gather and preprocess data

- Analyze and interpret complex data

- Develop models and algorithms

- Communicate results to stakeholders

- Collaborate with domain experts and software engineers

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