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C Language Notes

The document provides an overview of algorithms and flowcharts, including definitions, examples, and symbols used in flowcharts. It also covers the history, importance, and basic elements of the C programming language, including data types, variables, constants, and storage classes. Additionally, it presents algorithms and flowcharts for basic operations like addition and simple interest.

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2 views5 pages

C Language Notes

The document provides an overview of algorithms and flowcharts, including definitions, examples, and symbols used in flowcharts. It also covers the history, importance, and basic elements of the C programming language, including data types, variables, constants, and storage classes. Additionally, it presents algorithms and flowcharts for basic operations like addition and simple interest.

Uploaded by

rathodashwini325
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1.

Algorithm:

An algorithm is a step-by-step procedure to solve a problem.

Example: To add two numbers:

1. Start

2. Input two numbers

3. Add them

4. Show result

5. End

2. Flowchart:

A flowchart is a diagram that shows steps of a process using symbols.

Example: A flowchart to add two numbers has Start, Input, Process, Output, and End symbols.

3. Flowchart Symbols:

- Terminator: Start/End (Oval)

- Process: Task or Operation (Rectangle)

- Input/Output: Data Input or Output (Parallelogram)

- Decision: Yes/No or True/False (Diamond)

- Arrow: Flow of steps

4. History of C:

C was developed by Dennis Ritchie in 1972 at Bell Labs. It was made to write the UNIX OS.

5. Importance of C:

- Fast and powerful

- Used in system and embedded programming


- Portable and easy to learn

6. C Character Set:

Includes letters (A-Z, a-z), digits (0-9), symbols (+, -, *, etc.), and special characters.

7. C Tokens:

Smallest units in a C program: Keywords, Identifiers, Constants, Strings, Operators, etc.

8. C Keywords:

Reserved words with special meaning. Example: int, return, if, else, for.

9. Identifier:

Name given to variables, functions, etc.

Rules:

- Can't start with digit

- Only letters, digits, underscore

- No keywords

10. Constant:

Fixed value. Types: Integer, Float, Character, String

11. Variable:

Named memory location. Declared as:

int a; float b; char c;

12. Data Types in C:


- int: integers

- float: decimal numbers

- char: characters

13. Storage Classes:

- auto: default

- extern: external linkage

- static: retains value

- register: fast access

14. Assign Values:

int a = 10;

15. Symbolic Constants:

Constants defined using #define.

Example: #define PI 3.14

16. Variable as Constant/Volatile:

- const int x = 10; // constant

- volatile int y; // value may change anytime

17. Escape Sequences:

- \n: new line

- \t: tab

- \": double quote


18. Structure of C Program:

- Header files

- main() function

- Variable declarations

- Statements

19. Format Specifiers:

- %d: int

- %f: float

- %c: char

- %s: string

20. Algorithm for Addition:

1. Start

2. Input A, B

3. Sum = A + B

4. Print Sum

5. End

21. Flowchart for Multiplication:

(Include basic input, process, and output symbols)

22. Algorithm + Flowchart for Simple Interest:

Algorithm:

1. Start

2. Input P, R, T
3. SI = (P * R * T) / 100

4. Print SI

5. End

(Flowchart includes input/output/process symbols)

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