JavaScript Functions

JavaScript Functions
1. Introduction to Functions
📌 What is a Function?
A function is a reusable block of code that performs a specific task.

It helps in avoiding code repetition and makes programs modular.

💡 Example:
function greet() {
console.log("Hello, world!");
}
greet(); // Output: Hello, world!

2. Function Declaration (Named Function)

📌 Definition:
A function declared using the function keyword.

Can be called before declaration due to hoisting.

💡 Example:
function add(a, b) {
return a + b;
}
console.log(add(5, 3)); // Output: 8

3. Function Expression (Anonymous Function)

📌 Definition:
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A function assigned to a variable.

Not hoisted (must be defined before calling).

💡 Example:
const multiply = function(a, b) {
return a * b;
};
console.log(multiply(4, 2)); // Output: 8

4. Arrow Functions (ES6)

📌 Definition:
A shorter syntax using => .

No this binding.

💡 Example:
const square = (num) => num * num;
console.log(square(5)); // Output: 25

5. Parameters & Arguments

📌 Definition:
Parameters: Variables listed in function definition.

Arguments: Actual values passed when calling the function.

💡 Example:
function greet(name) { // name is a parameter
console.log("Hello, " + name);
}
greet("Alice"); // "Alice" is an argument

6. Default Parameters (ES6)

📌 Definition:

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Allows setting a default value for parameters.

💡 Example:
function greet(name = "Guest") {
console.log("Hello, " + name);
}
greet(); // Output: Hello, Guest
greet("Bob"); // Output: Hello, Bob

7. Rest Parameters (ES6)

📌 Definition:
Allows passing multiple arguments as an array.

💡 Example:
function sum(...numbers) {
return numbers.reduce((acc, num) => acc + num, 0);
}
console.log(sum(1, 2, 3, 4)); // Output: 10

8. Arguments Object (Pre-ES6)

📌 Definition:
arguments is an array-like object in traditional functions.

💡 Example:
function showArgs() {
console.log(arguments);
}
showArgs(10, 20, 30); // Output: [10, 20, 30]

🚨 Note: Not available in arrow functions.

9. Immediately Invoked Function Expressions (IIFE)
📌 Definition:

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A function that runs immediately after defining it.

💡 Example:
(function() {
console.log("IIFE executed!");
})(); // Output: IIFE executed!

Tasks On Functions
📝 Beginner Level (Tasks 1-10)
1️⃣ Write a function that takes a name as an argument and returns a greeting
message.
Example:

greet("Alice");

Output:

Hello, Alice!

2️⃣ Write a function that takes two numbers and returns their sum.
Example:

add(4, 7);

Output:

11

3️⃣ Write a function that checks if a number is even or odd.

Example:

isEven(5);

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Output:

Odd

4️⃣ Write a function that finds the square of a number.

Example:

square(6);

Output:

36

5️⃣ Write a function that takes an array of 5 numbers and returns their sum.
(Don't use built-in methods)

Example:

sumArray([2, 4, 6, 8, 10]);

Output:

30

6️⃣ Write a function that takes a number n and returns "Positive" , "Negative" , or
"Zero" .
Example:

checkNumber(-3);

Output:

Negative

7️⃣ Write a function that returns the factorial of a number using a loop.
Example:

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factorial(5);

Output:

120

8️⃣ Write a function to reverse a string without using built-in methods.

Example:

reverseString("hello");

Output:

olleh

9️⃣ Write a function that finds the largest number in an array of 5 numbers
(without using built-in methods).

Example:

findMax([12, 34, 7, 89, 23]);

Output:

89

🔟 Write a function that counts the number of vowels in a given string.

Example:

countVowels("hello");

Output:

📝 Intermediate Level (Tasks 11-15)

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1️⃣1️⃣ Write a function that takes any number of arguments and returns their
sum using rest parameters.
Example:

sum(1, 2, 3, 4, 5);

Output:

15

1️⃣2️⃣ Write an IIFE that logs "IIFE executed" to the console.

Output:

IIFE executed

📝 Advanced Level (Tasks 16-20)

1️⃣7️⃣ Write a function that returns the longest word in a sentence.
Example:

longestWord("This is a JavaScript function test");

Output:

JavaScript

1️⃣8️⃣ Write a function that takes an array and removes duplicates without using
built-in methods.
Example:

removeDuplicates([1, 2, 2, 3, 4, 4, 5]);

Output:

[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

1️⃣9️⃣ Write a function using currying that adds numbers step by step.
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Example:

add(2)(3)(4);

Output:

2️⃣0️⃣ Write a function that checks if a string is a palindrome without using

built-in methods.
Example:

isPalindrome("racecar");

Output:

true

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