Strings & Patterns

PHP Study Guide

PHP Basics
Functions
Strings & Patterns
Arrays
I/O
Security
Databases
Object Oriented Programming
Data Formats & Types
Web Features
Design and Theory
Strings & Patterns
Functions
Escape Sequences
Matching Strings
Extracting
Formatting
Print Family
Printf Formatting Specifiers
Replacement
PCRE Meta Characters
PCRE Pattern Modifiers
HEREDOC and NOWDOC
Functions
int strlen ( string $string )
int strpos ( string $haystack , mixed $needle [, int $offset = 0 ] ) - return the
position of the search string within the target
int stripos ( string $haystack, string $needle [, int $offset] )
int strrpos ( string $haystack, string $needle [, int $offset] )
string strstr ( string $haystack , mixed $needle [, bool $before_needle = false ] )
- return the portion of target from the beginning of the first match until the
end
string stristr ( string $haystack, string $needle )
int strspn ( string $subject , string $mask [, int $start [, int $length ]] ) -
returns the number of characters matching the mask
int strcspn ( string $str1 , string $str2 [, int $start [, int $length ]] ) - uses
a blacklist and returns the number of non-matching characters
string setlocale ( int $category, string $locale [, string $...] )
string str_pad ( string $input , int $pad_length [, string $pad_string = " " [, int
$pad_type = STR_PAD_RIGHT ]] )
string strrev ( string $string ) - Reverse a string
Escape Sequences
\n linefeed (LF or 0x0A (10) in ASCII)
\r
carriage return (CR or 0x0D (13) in ASCII)
\t horizontal tab (HT or 0x09 (9) in ASCII)
\\ backslash
\$ dollar sign
\" double-quote
\[0-7]{1,3} the sequence of characters matching the regular expression is a
character in octal notation
Matching Strings
int strcmp ( string $str1 , string $str2 ) - Returns < 0 if str1 is less than
str2 ; > 0 if str1 is greater than str2 , and 0 if they are equal.
int strcasecmp ( string $str1 , string $str2 ) – case insensitive version of
strcmp()
int strncasecmp ( string $str1 , string $str2 , int $len )
0 == FALSE and 0 !== FALSE
Extracting
string substr ( string $string , int $start [, int $length ] ) - to retrieve a
portion of a string
Array Syntax
The {} syntax is depreciated in PHP 5.1 and will produce a warning under E_STRICT
Formatting
sometimes governed by locale considerations
string number_format ( float $number , int $decimals , string $dec_point , string
$thousands_sep ) – by default formats a number with the comma as the
thousands separator, and no decimal
string money_format ( string $format , float $number ) – only available when the
underlying c library strfmon() is available (not windows)
http://php-guide.evercodelab.com/pages/strings-and-patterns.html
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Strings & Patterns
Print Family
int print ( string $arg ) - Outputs arg. (language construct)
int printf ( string $format [, mixed $args [, mixed $... ]] ) - Output a formatted
string
string sprintf ( string $format [, mixed $args [, mixed $... ]] ) - Return a
formatted string
int vprintf ( string $format , array $args ) - Display array values as a formatted
string according to format
mixed sscanf ( string $str , string $format [, mixed &$... ] ) -
http://ru2.php.net/sscanf
mixed fscanf ( resource $handle , string $format [, mixed &$... ] ) - Parses input
from a file according to a format
Printf Formatting Specifiers
% - a literal percent character. No argument is required.
b - the argument is treated as an integer, and presented as a binary number.
c - the argument is treated as an integer, and presented as the character with that
ASCII value.
d - the argument is treated as an integer, and presented as a (signed) decimal
number.
e - the argument is treated as scientific notation (e.g. 1.2e+2 ).
u - the argument is treated as an integer, and presented as an unsigned decimal
number.
f - the argument is treated as a float, and presented as a floating-point number
(locale aware).
F - the argument is treated as a float, and presented as a floating-point number
(non-locale aware). Available since PHP 4.3.10 and PHP 5.0.3.
o - the argument is treated as an integer, and presented as an octal number.
s - the argument is treated as and presented as a string.
x - the argument is treated as an integer and presented as a hexadecimal number
(with lowercase letters).
X - the argument is treated as an integer and presented as a hexadecimal number
(with uppercase letters).
Replacement
mixed str_replace ( mixed $search , mixed $replace , mixed $subject [, int
&$count ] )
mixed str_ireplace ( mixed $search, mixed $replace, mixed $subject [, int
&$count] )
mixed substr_replace ( mixed $string, string $replacement, int $start [, int
$length] )
string strtr ( string $str, string $from, string $to )
PCRE(Perl Compatible Regular Expressions) – Meta Characters
\d Digits 0-9
\D Anything not a digit
\w Any alphanumeric character or an underscore (_)
\W Anything not an alphanumeric character or an underscore
\s Any whitespace (spaces, tabs, newlines)
\S Any non-whitespace character
. Any character except for a newline
? Occurs 0 or 1 time
* Occurs 0 or more times
+ Occurs 1 or more times
{n} Occurs exactly n times
{,n} Occurs at most n times
{m,} Occurs m or more times
{m,n} Occurs between m and n times
PCRE – Pattern Modifiers
i – Case insensitive search
m – Multiline, $ and ^ will match at newlines
s – Makes the dot metacharacter match newlines
x – Allows for commenting
U – Makes the engine un-greedy
u – Turns on UTF8 support
e – Matched with preg_replace() allows you to call (deprecated in PHP 5.5.0 and
removed in PHP 7. Use preg_replace_callback() instead)
int preg_match ( string $pattern , string $subject [, array &$matches [, int $flags
[, int $offset ]]] ) – Returns the number of matches found by a
given search string
int preg_match_all ( string $pattern, string $subject, array &$matches [, int
$flags [, int $offset]] )
mixed preg_replace ( mixed $pattern , mixed $replacement , mixed $subject [, int
$limit = -1 [, int &$count ]] )
array preg_split ( string $pattern , string $subject [, int $limit = -1 [, int
$flags = 0 ]] )
HEREDOC and NOWDOC
http://www.php.net/manual/en/
language.types.string.php#language.types.string.syntax.heredoc
As of PHP 5.3.0, it’s possible to initialize static variables and class
properties/constants using the Heredoc syntax.
PHP 5.3.0 also introduces the possibility for Heredocs to use double quotes in
declarings.
Heredocs can not be used for initializing class properties. Since PHP 5.3, this
limitation is valid only for heredocs containing variables.
1 <?php
2
3 $str = <<<EOD
Example of string
4 spanning multiple lines
5
6 using heredoc syntax.
EOD;
http://php-guide.evercodelab.com/pages/strings-and-patterns.html
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Strings & Patterns
7
8 /* More complex example, with variables. */
9 class foo
10
11
{
var $foo;
12 var $bar;
13
14 function foo()
15 {
16
17
18
19
$this->foo = 'Foo';
$this->bar = array('Bar1', 'Bar2', 'Bar3');
}
}
20
21
22
$foo = new foo();
$name = 'MyName';
23
24
25 echo <<<EOT
My name is "$name". I am printing some $foo->foo.
26 Now, I am printing some {$foo->bar[1]}.
27
28 This should print a capital 'A': \x41
EOT;
29 ?>
http://www.php.net/manual/en/
language.types.string.php#language.types.string.syntax.nowdoc
Unlike heredocs, nowdocs can be used in any static data context. The typical
example is initializing class properties or constants
A nowdoc is specified similarly to a heredoc, but no parsing is done inside a
nowdoc.
A nowdoc is identified with the same <<< sequence used for heredocs, but the
identifier which follows is enclosed in single quotes, e.g. <<<'EOT' . All the
rules for heredoc identifiers
also apply to nowdoc identifiers, especially those regarding the appearance of the
closing identifier.
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