Design Pattern Framework 4.

Head First Design Patterns for .NET

Companion document to Design Pattern Framework 4.0

by

Data & Object Factory, LLC www.dofactory.com

Copyright 2006-2010, Data & Object Factory, LLC All rights reserved

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Design Pattern Framework 4.0

Index

Index ............................................................................................................................... 2 Chapter 1: Intro to Design Pattern ................................................................................... 4 Page 18: Testing the Duck code .............................................................................. 4 Chapter 2: Observer Pattern ........................................................................................... 5 Page 57: Implementing the Weather Station ............................................................ 5 Page 67: Reworking the Weather Station with built-in support ................................. 5 Page 72: Other places youll find the Observer Pattern ............................................ 5 Chapter 3: Decorator Pattern .......................................................................................... 6 Page 95: Writing the Starbuzz Code ........................................................................ 6 Page 100: Real world Decorators: Java (i.e. .NET) I/O............................................. 6 Chapter 4: Factory Pattern .............................................................................................. 7 Page 112: Identifying the aspects that vary .............................................................. 7 Page 131: Its finally time to meet the Factory Method Pattern ................................. 7 Page 145: Families of Ingredients......................................................................... 7 Chapter 5: Singleton Pattern ........................................................................................... 8 Page 173: Dissecting the classic Singleton Pattern .................................................. 8 Page 175: The Chocolate Factory ............................................................................ 8 Page 180: Dealing with Multithreading ..................................................................... 8 Page 182: Use double-checked locking ................................................................. 8 Chapter 6: Command Pattern .......................................................................................... 9 Page 204: Our first command object ........................................................................ 9 Page 210: Implementing the Remote Control ........................................................... 9 Page 216: Undo ....................................................................................................... 9 Page 224: Every remote needs a Party Mode! ......................................................... 9 Chapter 7: Adapter and Facade Patterns ...................................................................... 11 Page 238: If it walks like a duck and quacks like a duck ..................................... 11 Page 249: Adapting an Enumeration to an Iterator ................................................. 11 Page 255: Home Sweet Home Theater .................................................................. 11 Chapter 8: Template Method Pattern ............................................................................ 12 Page 277: Whipping up some coffee and tea classes (in .NET) ............................. 12
Copyright 2006-2010, Data & Object Factory, LLC. All rights reserved.

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Design Pattern Framework 4.0

Page 280: Sir, may I abstract your Coffee, Tea? .................................................... 12 Page 300: Sorting with Template Method ............................................................... 12 Page 306: Swinging with Frames .......................................................................... 12 Page 307: Applets .................................................................................................. 13 Chapter 9: Iterator and Composite Pattern .................................................................... 14 Page 317: Menu ..................................................................................................... 14 Page 327: Reworking Menu with Iterator ................................................................ 14 Page 333: Cleaning things up with java.util.Iterator (.NET Iterator) ........................ 14 Page 360: Implementing the Menu Component...................................................... 14 Page 369: The Composite Iterator.......................................................................... 15 Chapter 10: State Pattern .............................................................................................. 16 Page 388: State Machines 101 .............................................................................. 16 Page 401: Implementing our State classes ............................................................ 16 Page 413: We still need to finish the Gumball 1 in 10 game .................................. 16 Chapter 11: Proxy Pattern ............................................................................................. 17 Page 431: Coding the Monitor ................................................................................ 17 Page 451: Getting the GumballMachine ready for remote service .......................... 17 Page 462: Get ready for Virtual Proxy .................................................................... 19 Page 474: Using .NET API Proxy to create a protection proxy ............................... 20 Chapter 12: Compound Patterns ................................................................................... 21 Page 501: Duck reunion ......................................................................................... 21 Page 503: When ducks are around, geese cant be far .......................................... 21 Page 506: Were going to make those Quackologists happy .................................. 21 Page 508: We need a factory to produce ducks! .................................................... 21 Page 513: Lets create a flock of ducks .................................................................. 21 Page 516: Can you say Observer? ....................................................................... 22 Page 534: Using MVC to control the beat............................................................... 22

Copyright 2006-2010, Data & Object Factory, LLC. All rights reserved.

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Design Pattern Framework 4.0

Chapter 1: Intro to Design Pattern

The book titled Head First Design Patterns has taken the developer community by storm and has been a bestseller ever since. What has attracted developers is its whimsical and informal approach to explaining advanced OO concepts and design patterns.

The book comes with a downloadable set of examples in Java. This is a problem for .NET developers because it is hard to deal with language differences while at the same time learning concepts that initially are not easy to grasp. To alleviate this, the .NET Design Pattern Framework from Data & Object Factory, LLC includes a complete set of Head First Design Pattern code samples in C# and/or VB. It includes 46 projects -- all within in a single .NET Solution for easy access. With the .NET translations we have attempted to stay relatively close to the original Java code. With a smaller gap between the two languages, we felt that a .NET developer would get more out of this book. Finally, just to be clear, to study the .NET code samples you do need a copy of the Head First Design Patterns book available to you.

This document does three things: 1) It associates the original Java projects with the .NET projects, 2) It references the .NET projects back to the page where the pattern is discussed, and 3) It highlights noteworthy items that came up during the translation process

We are hopeful that you will find the .NET code samples useful in your effort to better understand and apply design patterns in your own work.

Chapter 1 includes just one coding example: the Strategy pattern.

Page 18: Testing the Duck code

Java project name: strategy

Implemented as DoFactory.HeadFirst.Strategy

Copyright 2006-2010, Data & Object Factory, LLC. All rights reserved.

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Design Pattern Framework 4.0

Chapter 2: Observer Pattern

Page 57: Implementing the Weather Station

Java project name: observer/WeatherStation

Implemented as DoFactory.HeadFirst.Observer.WeatherStation

Page 67: Reworking the Weather Station with built-in support

Java project name: observer/WeatherStationObservable

Implemented as DoFactory.HeadFirst.Observer.WeatherStationObservable

.NET does not support the Observer/Observable built-in types so this example uses two alternative types: the IObserver interface and the Observable base class. However, a better way in .NET would be to use .NET multicast delegates as demonstrated in the next example.

Page 72: Other places youll find the Observer Pattern

Java project name: observer/Swing

Implemented as DoFactory.HeadFirst.Observer.DotNet

.NET does not support Swing, therefore, this example runs as a console application. In .NET the Observer Pattern is implemented with multicast delegates, which is demonstrated in this example.

Copyright 2006-2010, Data & Object Factory, LLC. All rights reserved.

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Design Pattern Framework 4.0

Chapter 3: Decorator Pattern

Page 95: Writing the Starbuzz Code

Java project name: decorator/starbuzz

Implemented as DoFactory.HeadFirst.Decorator.Starbuzz

Page 100: Real world Decorators: Java (i.e. .NET) I/O

Java project name: decorator/io

Implemented as DoFactory.HeadFirst.Decorator.IO

The IO namespace in .NET uses the Decorator pattern quite extensively. This example demonstrates the use of a CryptoStream that decorates a FileStream. The CryptoStream links data streams to cryptographic transformations (encryption and decryption services). To run this example you need a text file MyInFile.txt with some text in the project directory you could use I know the decorator pattern therefore I rule! as demonstrated in the Head First Design Patterns book. Two new files are created in the same directory; one the same as the input file, the other the same but encrypted (using the decorator pattern).

Copyright 2006-2010, Data & Object Factory, LLC. All rights reserved.

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Design Pattern Framework 4.0

Chapter 4: Factory Pattern

Page 112: Identifying the aspects that vary

Java project name: factory/pizzas

Implemented as DoFactory.HeadFirst.Factory.PizzaShop

Page 131: Its finally time to meet the Factory Method Pattern

Java project name: factory/pizzafm

Implemented as DoFactory.HeadFirst.Factory.Method.Pizza Note: page 137 details the DependentPizzaStore which also exists in this project.

Page 145: Families of Ingredients

Java project name: factory/pizzaaf

Implemented as DoFactory.HeadFirst.Factory.Abstract.Pizza

Copyright 2006-2010, Data & Object Factory, LLC. All rights reserved.

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Design Pattern Framework 4.0

Chapter 5: Singleton Pattern

Page 173: Dissecting the classic Singleton Pattern

Java project name: singleton/classic

Implemented as DoFactory.HeadFirst.Singleton.Classic

Page 175: The Chocolate Factory

Java project name: singleton/chocolate

Implemented as DoFactory.HeadFirst.Singleton.Chocolate

Page 180: Dealing with Multithreading

Java project name: singleton/threadsafe

Implemented as DoFactory.HeadFirst.Singleton.Multithreading This project includes an EagerSingleton which eagerly creates the instance. This occurs when the class is loaded for the first time. Furthermore, this is a thread-safe .NET solution to the multithreading issues discussed in this example.

Page 182: Use double-checked locking

Java project name: singleton/dcl

Implemented as DoFactory.HeadFirst.Singleton.DoubleChecked

Copyright 2006-2010, Data & Object Factory, LLC. All rights reserved.

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Design Pattern Framework 4.0

Chapter 6: Command Pattern

Page 204: Our first command object

Java project name: command/simpleremote

Implemented as DoFactory.HeadFirst.Command.SimpleRemote

Page 210: Implementing the Remote Control

Java project name: command/remote

Implemented as DoFactory.HeadFirst.Command. Remote

Page 216: Undo

Java project name: command/undo

Implemented as DoFactory.HeadFirst.Command.Undo A .NET enumeration named CeilingFanSpeed was added to replace the HIGH, LOW, MEDIUM, and OFF constants in Java.

Page 224: Every remote needs a Party Mode!

Java project name: command/party

Copyright 2006-2010, Data & Object Factory, LLC. All rights reserved.

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Design Pattern Framework 4.0

Implemented as DoFactory.HeadFirst.Command.Party A .NET enumeration named CeilingFanSpeed was added to replace the HIGH, LOW, MEDIUM, and OFF constants in Java.

Copyright 2006-2010, Data & Object Factory, LLC. All rights reserved.

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Design Pattern Framework 4.0

Chapter 7: Adapter and Facade Patterns

Page 238: If it walks like a duck and quacks like a duck

Java project name: adapter/ducks

Implemented as DoFactory.HeadFirst.Adapter.Duck

Page 249: Adapting an Enumeration to an Iterator

Java project name: adapter/iterenum

Implemented as DoFactory.HeadFirst.Adapter.IterEnum

Unlike Java, .NET does not have legacy Enumeration interfaces. This example builds on .NETs built-in facility to iterate over different types of collections.

Page 255: Home Sweet Home Theater

Java project name: facade/hometheater

Implemented as DoFactory.HeadFirst.Facade.HomeTheater

Copyright 2006-2010, Data & Object Factory, LLC. All rights reserved.

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Design Pattern Framework 4.0

Chapter 8: Template Method Pattern

Page 277: Whipping up some coffee and tea classes (in .NET)

Java project name: template/simplebarista

Implemented as DoFactory.HeadFirst.Template.SimpleBarista

Page 280: Sir, may I abstract your Coffee, Tea?

Java project name: template/barista

Implemented as DoFactory.HeadFirst.Template. Barista This example also includes code for page 292: Hooked on Template Method

Page 300: Sorting with Template Method

Java project name: template/sort

Implemented as DoFactory.HeadFirst.Template.Sort Uses the .NET built-in IComparable interface

Page 306: Swinging with Frames

Java project name: template/frame

Implemented as DoFactory.HeadFirst.Template.WindowsService
Copyright 2006-2010, Data & Object Factory, LLC. All rights reserved.

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Design Pattern Framework 4.0

Swing and Jframe do not exist in .NET. A good example of where .NET Template methods are used is when you write a Windows Services app which requires that you implement several hooks (or Template methods), such as OnStart() and OnStop(). The Visual Studio.NET generated boilerplate code requires that you simply implement the body of these methods. Note: this is a Windows Service and therefore does not run as a standalone executable.

Page 307: Applets

Java project name: template/applet

Implemented as DoFactory.HeadFirst.Template.Control

Applets are similar to controls in .NET. This example shows that a Windows event handlers are simply hooks that you can choose to implement or not. Typically, you will implement very few of the templated events that you can respond to.

Copyright 2006-2010, Data & Object Factory, LLC. All rights reserved.

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Design Pattern Framework 4.0

Chapter 9: Iterator and Composite Pattern

Page 317: Menu

Java project name: iterator/dinermerger

Implemented as DoFactory.HeadFirst.Iterator.DinerMerger

Page 327: Reworking Menu with Iterator

Java project name: iterator/dinermergeri

Implemented as DoFactory.HeadFirst..Iterator.DinerMergerI

Page 333: Cleaning things up with java.util.Iterator (.NET Iterator)

Java project name: iterator/dinermergercafe

Implemented as DoFactory.HeadFirst.Iterator.DinerMergerCafe In following the book, this example uses the built-in.NET IEnumerator interface. However, iterating over collections is far easier with the .NET foreach statement. On page 349 the book talks about iterators and collections in Java 5. It is interesting to note that the new Java 5 for statement is similar to C#s foreach statement.

Page 360: Implementing the Menu Component

Java project name: composite/menu

Copyright 2006-2010, Data & Object Factory, LLC. All rights reserved.

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Design Pattern Framework 4.0

Implemented as DoFactory.HeadFirst.Composite.Menu

Page 369: The Composite Iterator

Java project name: composite/menuiterator

Implemented as DoFactory.HeadFirst.Composite.MenuIterator

The .NET implementation was simplified because the iterator with the Stack example in Java is overly complex. The Java code includes dubious try/catch usage and adds little value to learning Design Patterns principles.

Copyright 2006-2010, Data & Object Factory, LLC. All rights reserved.

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Design Pattern Framework 4.0

Chapter 10: State Pattern

Page 388: State Machines 101

Java project name: state/gumball

Implemented as DoFactory.HeadFirst.State.Gumball

An enumeration GumballMachineState replaces the Java contants SOLD_OUT, NO_QUARTER, HAS_QUARTER, and SOLD.

Page 401: Implementing our State classes

Java project name: state/gumballstate

Implemented as DoFactory.HeadFirst.State.GumballState

Page 413: We still need to finish the Gumball 1 in 10 game

Java project name: state/gumballstatewinner

Implemented as DoFactory.HeadFirst.State.GumballStateWinner

Copyright 2006-2010, Data & Object Factory, LLC. All rights reserved.

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Design Pattern Framework 4.0

Chapter 11: Proxy Pattern

Page 431: Coding the Monitor

Java project name: proxy/gumballmonitor

Implemented as DoFactory.HeadFirst.Proxy.GumballMonitor

Page 451: Getting the GumballMachine ready for remote service

Java project name: proxy/gumball

Implemented as:

DoFactory.HeadFirst.Proxy.GumballState.Client DoFactory.HeadFirst.Proxy.GumballState.Host DoFactory.HeadFirst.Proxy.GumballState.Machine

(a console application exe) (a WCF Web Service) (a class library)

RMI only exists in the Java world. The new .NET 3.5 Communication Subsystem is WCF. In this example we demonstrate the use of a .NET Proxy object which is used to invoke a remote class. Three projects are required for this demonstration. Compile the above projects and set the Client as the Startup Project in Visual Studio. When running the Client you will see the ASP.NET Web Server starting up (see image on next page).

Copyright 2006-2010, Data & Object Factory, LLC. All rights reserved.

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Design Pattern Framework 4.0

The client GumballMachineClient is a proxy object that stands in for a remote object. This proxy object will communicate with a remote instance of the GumballMachine that is exposed by the Host project. The results of the interaction are printed on the console screen. Note: if you have an Internet security program and you are running the GumBallMachineClient for the first time you may see this dialog box. Simply select OK.

Copyright 2006-2010, Data & Object Factory, LLC. All rights reserved.

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Design Pattern Framework 4.0

Page 462: Get ready for Virtual Proxy

Java project name: proxy/virtualproxy

Implemented as DoFactory.HeadFirst.Proxy.VirtualProxy

This simple .NET Windows Application uses an ImageProxy object. ImageProxy retrieves a book cover image from amazon.com on a separate thread. In the meantime (while retrieving) it provides a placeholder image that is stored locally. Click twice on the button to see Virtual Proxy in action. Note: you do need Internet access to make this work. In addition, if you have an Internet Security program running you may see the following dialog box when running for the first time. Simply select the recommended action.

Copyright 2006-2010, Data & Object Factory, LLC. All rights reserved.

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Design Pattern Framework 4.0

Page 474: Using .NET API Proxy to create a protection proxy

Java project name: proxy/javaproxy

Implemented as DoFactory.HeadFirst.Proxy.DotNetProxy

A dynamic proxy dynamically generates a class that conforms to a particular interface, proxying all invocations to a single 'generic' method. This functionality is standard in Java but not in .NET. In .NET there are two ways to implement this: one is to use the built-in RealProxy class and another way is to use Reflection.Emit.

Prior versions of the Design Pattern Framework included the dynamic proxy pattern using the Reflection.Emit method. It was based on the Open Source Nmock project (nmock.org). However, the internal details of NMock are beyond the scope of our pattern discussions and there was little or no educational value to the Pattern student. Therefore, with version 3.5 of the Design Pattern Framework we have removed this project from the Head First Design Pattern solution.

Copyright 2006-2010, Data & Object Factory, LLC. All rights reserved.

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Design Pattern Framework 4.0

Chapter 12: Compound Patterns

Page 501: Duck reunion

Java project name: combining/ducks

Implemented as DoFactory.HeadFirst.Combining.Ducks

Page 503: When ducks are around, geese cant be far

Java project name: combining/adapter

Implemented as DoFactory.HeadFirst.Combining.Adapter

Page 506: Were going to make those Quackologists happy

Java project name: combining/decorator

Implemented as DoFactory.HeadFirst.Combining.Decorator

Page 508: We need a factory to produce ducks!

Java project name: combining/factory

Implemented as DoFactory.HeadFirst.Combining.Factory

Page 513: Lets create a flock of ducks

Java project name: combining/composite

Copyright 2006-2010, Data & Object Factory, LLC. All rights reserved.

Page 21 of 22

Design Pattern Framework 4.0

Implemented as DoFactory.HeadFirst.Combining.Composite

Page 516: Can you say Observer?

Java project name: combining/observer

Implemented as DoFactory.HeadFirst.Combining.Observer

Page 534: Using MVC to control the beat

Java project name: combined/djview

Implemented as DoFactory.HeadFirst.Combined.MVC

As mentioned before, there is nothing similar to Java Swing in .NET. Therefore, this example is built as a standalone WinForms application. A timer control is used to generate the beat (with Beep). The image on page 530 most closely resembles the implementation in this .NET example. The only exception is line 5 (I need your state information); there is no need for the View to query the Model because the state (the BeatsPerMinute) is sent as part of line 4 (I have changed) using event arguments.

Copyright 2006-2010, Data & Object Factory, LLC. All rights reserved.

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