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Process Design of Distillation Column

This document discusses the design of a distillation column to separate a mixture of phenol and cumene. Key details include: - The feed composition is 277 kg/hr of phenol and 71 kg/hr of cumene. - Calculations determine the bottom temperature is 191.1°C and top is 152.57°C, with an average of 171.86°C. - Relative volatility of phenol to cumene is calculated as 2.239. - Minimum reflux ratio is determined to be 5.036 and maximum as 7.554. - Number of theoretical plates is 20, and with 75% efficiency the number of actual plates needed is 27.

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Uzair Wahid
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390 views

Process Design of Distillation Column

This document discusses the design of a distillation column to separate a mixture of phenol and cumene. Key details include: - The feed composition is 277 kg/hr of phenol and 71 kg/hr of cumene. - Calculations determine the bottom temperature is 191.1°C and top is 152.57°C, with an average of 171.86°C. - Relative volatility of phenol to cumene is calculated as 2.239. - Minimum reflux ratio is determined to be 5.036 and maximum as 7.554. - Number of theoretical plates is 20, and with 75% efficiency the number of actual plates needed is 27.

Uploaded by

Uzair Wahid
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 22

Process design of

distillation column
Diagram
Feed
Distillate
Bottom
Cumene 0.996
Phenol 0.004
X
d

Cumene 0.0016
Phenol 0.9984
X
b

Cumene 0.17
Phenol 0.83
X
f

Feed composition
Feed stream composition
Feed Mass(Kg/hr)
Phenol 277.452
Cumene 66.972
AMS 4.381
Cont
Since the amount of AMS in feed stream is negligible and its properties
resembling close to cumene. Hence it can be merged with cumene for easier
calculations.

Feed Mass(Kg/hr) Mass(Kgmol/hr) X
f

Phenol 277.452 2.948 0.83
Cumene 71.353 0.594 0.17
Calculation for bottom temperature
Bottom pressure = 1.28 atm = 972.8 mmHg

Using Antoine equation
=

+


Antoine equation constants for phenol

A = 16.4279
B = 3490.89
C = -98.59
Cont
Putting the constants in above equation

ln 972.8 =
3490.89
98.59
16.4279

= = .

The top temperature as given in process conditions is

= .

Taking avg temperature
Now taking the average of these temperatures

= ( + )/2

=
152.5 +191.215
2
= 171.86
Calculating vapour pressure of cumene
Using antoine equation

=

+

Here

= 171.86

The following are the antoine constants for cumene

A = 13.957
B = 3363.3
C = 207.78
Cont
Putting the values in eq above


=
3363.3
171.86 +207.78
13.957

= . = .
Calculating vapour pressure of phenol
Using antoine equation

=

+

Here

= 171.86

The following are the antoine constants for phenol

A = 14.4387
B = 3507.80
C = 175.4

Cont
Putting the values in eq above


=
3507.80
171.86 +175.4
14.4387

= . = .
Calculating relative volatility
= (. )/(. )

Putting the corresponding values of pressure in above eq

=
1277.6
570.48
= 2.239
The following corresponding vapor-liquid relation is obtained

X .002 .02 .10 .20 .30 .40 .50 .60 .70 .80 .90 1.0
Y .004 .043 .19 .35 .49 .60 .69 .77 .84 .90 .95 1.0
VLE diagram
Since the feed is entering at its boiling point hence q-line is vertical

0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2
VLE Diagram
Calculating minimum reflux ratio
So from graph

m
= 0.165



=
0.996
0.165
1 = 5.036
Calculating maximum reflux ratio
Taking
= .



= 1.5 5.036 = 7.554

=

/(+)

=
.996
7.554 +1
= .12
Calculating the number of theoretical
and real plates required
= 1 = 21 1 = 20

Here = 21 obtained from the graph

Assuming efficiency = 75%

=
no. of ideal stages
no. of real stages


. =
20
0.75
= 26.66~27

Calculating flooding velocity
At top plate
= 70.965

= = 7.554 70.965 = 536.07


+ = 607.03
At bottom plate
= 277.84

+ = 884.875

= 607.03
Density at top

= 152.57

= 775 /
3

= 3.44 /
3






Cont
Density at bottom

= 191.1

= 930 /
3

= 3.16 /
3

Surface tension
Top Cumene = 29.01 mN/m
Bottom Phenol = 37.66 mN/m

= (

)(

)
Top = 0.05880
Bottom = 0.0849
Tray spacing = 0.30m


Figure
Cont
So from the previous figure
Top
1
= 0.06
Bottom
2
= 0.058
Surface tension correction
Top
1
= (
29.01
20
)
0.2
0.06 = 0.064
Bottom
2
= (
37.66
20
)
0.2
0.058 = 0.065
Flooding velocity

=
1
(

)
Top

= 0.958 /
Bottom

= 1.113 /
Cont
Design for 85% flooding velocity at max flow rate
Top

= 0.958 0.85 = 0.81 /


Bottom

= 1.113 0.85 = 0.94 /


Max vol.flowrate of vapour
Top . =

= 0.049
3
/
Bottom . =

= 0.0534
3
/
Net area required
Top =
.

= 0.060
2

Bottom N =
.

= 0.0568
2

Calculating column area and diameter
Downcomer area = 12% of column area

= 0.12

0.12


Top

= 0.0503
2

Bottom

= 0.047
2

Column diameter

= (
4

)
Top

= 0.253
Bottom

= 0.245

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