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Computer Networks: Basics of DHCP

This document discusses the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP). DHCP is a standardized network protocol used on Internet Protocol (IP) networks for dynamically distributing network configuration parameters, such as IP addresses, to computers and other devices. DHCP allows a server to centrally manage the assignment of IP addresses on a network. Key points covered include the basics of how DHCP works, its benefits like centralized administration and flexibility, and some limitations and security issues.

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Shivam Rathore
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139 views

Computer Networks: Basics of DHCP

This document discusses the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP). DHCP is a standardized network protocol used on Internet Protocol (IP) networks for dynamically distributing network configuration parameters, such as IP addresses, to computers and other devices. DHCP allows a server to centrally manage the assignment of IP addresses on a network. Key points covered include the basics of how DHCP works, its benefits like centralized administration and flexibility, and some limitations and security issues.

Uploaded by

Shivam Rathore
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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COMPUTER NETWORKS

BASICS OF DHCP

SHUBHANKUR -16/ICS/052
SANDEEP KUMAR -16/ICS/048
SHIVAM SINGH RATHORE-16/ICS/050
DHCP

• Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)


• From 1993
• An extension of BOOTP, very similar to DHCP
• Same port numbers as BOOTP

• DHCP is the preferred mechanism for dynamic assignment


of IP addresses
• DHCP can interoperate with BOOTP clients.

2
DHCP

• Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol

• It is a method for assigning Internet Protocol (IP)


addresses permanently or to individual computers
in an organization’s network

• DHCP lets a network administrator supervise and


distribute IP addresses from a central point and
automatically sends a new IP address when a
computer is plugged into a different place in the
network
MOTIVATION FOR DHCP

• Static Vs Dynamic IP

• Configuration parameters for network hosts


 IP address
 Router
 Subnet Mask
 Others..
DYNAMIC HOST CONFIGURATION
PROTOCOL (DHCP)
• Four Key benefits to DHCP:
• Centralized administration of IP configuration.
• Dynamic host configuration.
• Seamless IP host configuration.
• Flexibility and scalability.
DISADVANTAGES OF DHCP

• When DHCP server is unavailable, client is


unable to access enterprises network

• Your machine name does not change when


you get a new IP address

• Uses UDP, an unreliable and insecure protocol.

• DNS cannot be used for DHCP configured hosts.


SECURITY PROBLEM

• DHCP is an unauthenticated protocol


When connecting to a network, the user is not
required to provide credentials in order to obtain
a lease
Malicious users with physical access to the DHCP-
enabled network can instigate a denial-of-service
attack on DHCP servers by requesting many
leases from the server, thereby depleting the
number of leases that are available to other
DHCP clients
LIMITATIONS

• Some machines on your network need to be at


fixed addresses, for example servers and routers
• You need to be able to assign a machine to run the
DHCP server continually as it must be available at
all times when clients need IP access
DHCP INTERACTION (SIMPLIFIED)

Argon
128.143.137.144
00:a0:24:71:e4:44 DHCP Server
DHCP Response:
IP address: 128.143.137.144
Default gateway: 128.143.137.1
Netmask: 255.255.0.0

9
DHCP OPERATION
DHCP Client
00:a0:24:71:e4:44 DHCP Server

DHCPDISCOVER
DHCP DISCOVER Sent to 255.255.255.255

DHCP Server

DHCP Client
00:a0:24:71:e4:44 DHCPOFFER DHCP Server

DHCPOFFER
DHCP OFFER

DHCP Server

10
DHCP OPERATION
DHCP Client
00:a0:24:71:e4:44 DHCP Server
DHCPREQUEST

DCHP DISCOVER DHCPACK

At this time, the DHCP DHCP Server


client can start to use the IP
address
DHCP Client
00:a0:24:71:e4:44 DHCP Server
DHCPREQUEST

Renewing a Lease DHCPACK

(sent when 50% of lease


has expired)
If DHCP server sends DHCP Server
DHCPNACK, then
address is released.
11
DHCP OPERATION
DHCP Client
00:a0:24:71:e4:44 DHCP Server
DHCPRELEASE

DCHP RELEASE

At this time, the DHCP DHCP Server


client has released the IP
address

12
BOOTP/DHCP MESSAGE FORMAT
OpCode (1 = Req, 2 = Hardware Type (1 = Hardware Address
Hop Count
Reply) Ethernet) Length
Unused (in BOOTP)
Number of Seconds
Flags (in DHCP)
Transaction ID

Client IP address

Your IP address

Server IP address

Gateway IP address

Client hardware address (16 bytes)

Server host name (64 bytes)

Boot file name (128 bytes)

Options

(There are >100 different options) 13


DHCP MESSAGE TYPE

Message type is sent as an Value Message Type


option.
1 DHCPDISCOVER

2 DHCPOFFER

3 DHCPREQUEST

4 DHCPDECLINE

5 DHCPACK

6 DHCPNAK

7 DHCPRELEASE

8 DHCPINFORM
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