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Modal

The document discusses various English modal auxiliaries and expressions used to show modality or necessity. It provides examples of basic modal verbs like can, could, may, must, etc. and similar expressions like be able to, be going to. It also discusses polite requests using modal verbs like may, could, can when the subject is "I" or "you". Additionally, it covers expressions like "would you mind" for asking permission or asking someone to do something. The document concludes with examples expressing necessity, lack of necessity, and prohibition using must and have to.

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Ifah Aaifah
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23 views

Modal

The document discusses various English modal auxiliaries and expressions used to show modality or necessity. It provides examples of basic modal verbs like can, could, may, must, etc. and similar expressions like be able to, be going to. It also discusses polite requests using modal verbs like may, could, can when the subject is "I" or "you". Additionally, it covers expressions like "would you mind" for asking permission or asking someone to do something. The document concludes with examples expressing necessity, lack of necessity, and prohibition using must and have to.

Uploaded by

Ifah Aaifah
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MODAL AUXILIARIES

Basic Modal
Can
Could
May
Might
Must
(I, We, You They, He, She, It)+ Ought to
Shall
Should
Will
Would
Had better
Similar Expression
• Be able to
• Be going to
• Be supposed to
• Be to
• have to
• Have got to
• Used to
Polite Requests with “ I ” as the subject

May Used to equally polite (only with I and we in subject)


Could Present or future meaning, not a past meaning

Can Used to informally request (talking to


someone knows fairly well)
Might Quite formal and polite

E,g: May I borrow your pen?


Polite Requests with “ You ” as the subject
• Would More polite
• Will Polite Request

• Could Same with would, different function


(e,g: would you: do you want to do this please?, could
you: do you want to od this please and is it possible for
you to do this)
• Can informally (less polite)

E,g: would you pass the salt?


exercises
1. You and I are good friends. We’re in my apartment. You
want to use the phone.
2. I’m your instructor. you want to leave the class early.
3. I’m your teacher at school. You knock on office door. I’m
sitting at my desk. You want to come in.
4. I’m Dr. North’s secretary. You want to make an appointment
to see Dr. North.
5. I’ m stranger next to you at an airport. You want me to save
your place in line and keep an eye on your luggage while you
get a drink of water.
Would You Mind
• Asking Permission
Would you mind if I is followed by the simple past
E,g: Would you mind if I closed the window?
(the meaning: May I close the window? Is it all right if I close
the window? Will it cause you any trouble or discomfort if I
close the window?)

• Asking someone else to do something


Would you mind is followed by –ing (a gerund)
E,g: Would you mind closing the window?
( the meaning: would that cause you any inconvenience?)
Exercises
using asking permission and asking someone to do something

1. I don’t like this TV program. Would you mind (change) ….


The channel?
2. Excuse me, Would you mind (speak) …. a little more slowly?
I didn’t catch what you said.
3. It’s getting hot in here. Would you mind (open) … the
window?
4. I know I promised to go with you, but I’m not feeling very
good. Would you mind (stay) … home?
5. I still don’t understand how to work this material problem.
Would you mind (explain) … it again?
Imperative
• An imperative sentence can be used to give directions. E.g;
turn right at the corner, etc
• An imperative sentence can be used to give an order. E.g; shut
the door, etc
• An imperative sentence can be used to make a polite request,
add ‘please’. e,g; shut the door,please. etc
Exercises
(Change imperative to be polite requests)
1. Turn on the light
2. Give me that book
3. sit down
4. Say that again
5. Give me your pen
6. Pass me the butter
7. Give me a ride home in your car
8. Tell me what time it is
9. Mail these letters if you go to the post office
10. Close the window and turn on the air conditioner
11. Let me out of the elevator
Exercises
you have said in the following places
1. In this classroom
2. At a service station
3. At a restaurant
4. At a clothing store
5. At an airport
6. On the telephone
Expressing Necessity
• Must Both express necessity
• Have to

o Must is usually stronger than have to and can indicate urgency


or stress importance.
Eg; I must talk to her right away

o Have got to is the same meaning with have to. But, it is


informal.
o Present or Future: I have to/ have got to/ Must study tonight.
o Past: I had to study last night.
Lack of necessity and Prohibition: have to and must
in the negative

LACK OF NECESSITY
• Do not have to. E.g: tomorrow is holiday. We don’t have to go
to class.

PROHIBITION
• Must not. E.g: You must not tell anyone my secret. Do you
promise?
Exercises
1. You ……. Introduce me to Dr. Gray. We’ve already met.
2. In order to be a good salescleck, you ….. Be rude to a
costumer.
3. A person …. Become rich and famous in order to live a
successful life.
4. I ….. Go to the doctor. I’m feeling much better.
5. We …. Go to the concert if you don’t want to, but it might be
good.
6. A person …. Get merried in order to lead a happy and
fulfilling life.

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