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Computer Network - CS610 Power Point Slides Lecture 26

1. The document discusses how subnet and classless addressing were developed to overcome limitations in the original classful addressing scheme as the Internet grew. This allowed division of addresses on arbitrary boundaries rather than just three classes. 2. It explains how subnet masks allow addresses to be divided at arbitrary boundaries by specifying a network prefix and keeping a 32-bit address mask to define the boundary. 3. CIDR notation is introduced which uses a modified dotted decimal format with a prefix size to represent classless addresses in a more flexible way and partition address space among multiple customers.

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Ibrahim Choudary
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69 views

Computer Network - CS610 Power Point Slides Lecture 26

1. The document discusses how subnet and classless addressing were developed to overcome limitations in the original classful addressing scheme as the Internet grew. This allowed division of addresses on arbitrary boundaries rather than just three classes. 2. It explains how subnet masks allow addresses to be divided at arbitrary boundaries by specifying a network prefix and keeping a 32-bit address mask to define the boundary. 3. CIDR notation is introduced which uses a modified dotted decimal format with a prefix size to represent classless addresses in a more flexible way and partition address space among multiple customers.

Uploaded by

Ibrahim Choudary
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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COMPUTER NETWORKS

CS610
Lecture-26
Hammad Khalid Khan
Review Lecture 25
 Computing The Class of An Address

 Dotted Decimal Notation

 Division of Address Space

 A Classful Addressing Example


Subnets and Classless Addressing

 As the Internet grew, the original classful addressing


scheme became a limitation.

– The IP address space was being exhausted.

– Because all networks had to choose one of three


possible sizes, many addresses were unused.
Subnets and Classless Addressing

 Two new mechanisms were invented to overcome the


limitations:

– Subnet addressing
– Classless addressing
Subnets and Classless Addressing

 Instead of having three distinct address classes, allow the


division between prefix and suffix to occur on an arbitrary
boundary.

 The classless addressing scheme solves the problem by


allowing an ISP to assign a prefix that is 28 bits long (allowing
the host to have up to 14 hosts).
Subnet/Address Mask
 D = Destination Address
 (A,M) = (32-bit IP Address,32-bit Address
Mask)
– A == (D & M)
– Example:- 32-bit mask
– 11111111 11111111 00000000 00000000
– Denoted in dotted decimal as 255.255.0.0
Subnet and Classless Addresses
Subnet/Address Mask
– 32-bit network prefix

10000000 00001010 00000000 00000000


Denoted in dotted decimal value as 128.10.0.0
32-bit destination address 128.10.2.3
Binary equivalent:
10000000 00001010 00000010 00000011
Subnet/Address Mask

A logical ‘and’ between D and M produces the


binary result
10000000 00001010 00000000 00000000
Which is equal to prefix 128.10.0.0
Subnet/Address Mask

 How can an IP address be divided at an arbitrary


boundary?
 To use a classless or subnet address, table inside host
and routers that contain address must keep two pieces
of information with each address: the 32-bit address
itself and another 32-bit value that specifies the
boundary.
 Known as the Address Mask or Subnet Mask.
CIDR Notation

 Inside a computer, each address mask is stored as a 32-bit


value.

 When we enter a prefix and an address mask they use a


modified form of dotted decimal addressing called CIDR
addressing.

 Known as CIDR notation


128.10.0.0/16
CIDR Notation

 As an example of how CIDR adds flexibility, suppose a single


class B prefix (e.g. 128.211.0.0) i.e. 216 host addresses
 16-bit CIDR mask denoted as:
128.211.0.0 / 16
That is, by making CIDR mask correspond exactly to the old
classful interpretation.
CIDR Notation

 It will be fine if 216 hosts are attached. If it does have two


customers with only twelve computers each, the ISP can use
CIDR to partition the address into three pieces,
– Two of them each big enough for one of the customers.
– Remainder available for future customers.
CIDR Notation

 For example:-
– One customer can be assigned
128.211.0.16 /28
– And the other customer can be assigned
128.211.0.32 /28
Both customers have same mask size, the prefix differs.
i.e. each customer has a unique prefix.
CIDR Host Addresses
Summary Of Special IP Addresses
Summary
 Subnet and Classless Addressing

 Subnet/Address Mask

 CIDR Notation

 Special IP Addresses

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