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Elec Shock & Hazards

Electric shock and arc flash are two hazards of working with electricity. Electric shock occurs when a person becomes part of an electrical circuit, while arc flash is a high-energy release caused by an electric arc. Both can cause serious injury such as burns, cardiac arrest, and even death. The extent of injury from electric shock depends on current magnitude, duration, and path through the body. Proper safety equipment and training are needed to work safely around electrical equipment and prevent injuries from electric shocks or arc flashes.

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Shubham Saksena
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334 views

Elec Shock & Hazards

Electric shock and arc flash are two hazards of working with electricity. Electric shock occurs when a person becomes part of an electrical circuit, while arc flash is a high-energy release caused by an electric arc. Both can cause serious injury such as burns, cardiac arrest, and even death. The extent of injury from electric shock depends on current magnitude, duration, and path through the body. Proper safety equipment and training are needed to work safely around electrical equipment and prevent injuries from electric shocks or arc flashes.

Uploaded by

Shubham Saksena
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Electric Shock &

Hazards
Electrical Hazards

1. Electrical Hazards can cause human injury in two ways. One is by electric shock
and the other is by arc flash.

2. Electric shock occurs when the body becomes part of an electrical circuit.
Shocks can happen in three ways.
• A person may come in contact with both conductors in a circuit.
• A person may provide a path between a conductor and the earth.
• A person may provide a path between an energised equipment
and the earth

3. The extent of injury accompanying electric shock depends on three factors.


• The amount of current conducted through the body.
• The path of the current through the body.
• The length of time a person is subjected to the current.

The amount of the current depends on the potential difference and the resistance.
The effects of current on the human body ranges from a temporary mild tingling
sensation to death.
Electric Shock (Cont…)

3. An electric shock can injure in the following ways.


• A severe shock can stop the heart or the breathing muscles, or both.
• The heating effects of the current can cause severe burns, especially at
points where the electricity enters and leaves the body.

4. Other effects include severe bleeding, breathing difficulty, and cardiac arrest. In
addition, you may have some other accident as a result of the shock ie. Fall down or
strike against something causing additional injury
Arc Flash

1. An arc flash is a release of energy caused by an electric arc. The flash causes
an explosive expansion of air and metal. The conductive material is vaporized by
temperatures in an arc which can be as high as 35,000 degrees Fahrenheit.

2. The blast produces

• a dangerous pressure wave

• a dangerous sound wave

• shrapnel (fragments from an exploding shell or bomb)

• extreme heat

• extreme light.

3. These dangers can result in blast injuries, lung injuries, ruptured eardrums,
shrapnel wounds, severe burns, and blindness. Arc flash injuries can also result
in death.
Protection from Arc Flash

4. Protection from an arc flash is afforded by protective clothing and equipment


such as
• wearing arc-rated clothing
• flame-resistant eye protection (arc-rated face shield is often required as
well)
• hand protection
• hearing protection.

5. Training: Ensure that employees are throughly trained in safe work practices and
procedures

6. Proper Signage and Labeling: Warning labels and signage on Power Panels,
High voltage machinery and Power lines are extremely important and can help to
ensure that employees take proper preventive measures before beginning working
on or near potentially dangerous components.
Basic Safety Rules

1. ALL ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT CONDUCTORS, BARE OR INSULATED,


ARE ASSUMED TO BE ENERGIZED UNTIL PROVEN OTHERWISE. THEY
SHALL BE DE-ENERGIZED, LOCKED OUT AND TESTED FOR THE ABSENCE
OF VOLTAGE BEFORE WORKING ON THEM OR WORKING NEAR THEM.
WORK ON ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT CONDUCTORS MAY ONLY BE PERFORMED
BY QUALIFIED PERSONNEL WHO HAVE BEEN AUTHORIZED TO DO THE
WORK.

2. Working on live circuits shall only be done by qualified employees who have
been trained to recognize electrical hazards and have been trained to avoid injury by
using safe practices, precautionary techniques and protective equipment.
Basic Safety Rules

3. Electromagnetic induction can create an electric current in a dead


circuit. The condition occurs when a magnetic field from another wire,
circuit, or device cuts across a wire in its path and produces a charge in that
wire. Temporary grounding will prevent electromagnetic induction.

4. Take care while removing a capacitor from a circuit. A capacitor


stores energy and if not properly discharged when removed it can easily
cause an electric shock.

5. Always use a circuit breaker or fuse with the appropriate current


rating. Circuit breakers and fuses are protection devices that automatically
disconnect the live wire when a condition of short circuit or over current
occurs. The selection of the appropriate fuse or circuit breaker is essential.
Normally for protection against short circuits a fuse rating of 150% of the
normal circuit current is selected.
Basic Safety Rules

6. Never put water on fires in live electrical equipment or wiring. Water is a


conductor and increases the risk of arc flash and electrocution. An electrical fire in
a confined space can rapidly deplete oxygen and may release toxic fumes. If
possible, switch off power. Avoid inhaling fumes and vacate the area at once. If
necessary, breathe through a damp cloth.
7. Use a Class C fire extinguisher intended for electrical fire. An ABC fire
extinguisher may also be used on an electrical fire.
8. Every worker who may be required to use a fire extinguisher must be trained in its
use. Report fires immediately.

9. All personnel using protective equipment must be properly trained and advised of
its limitations. This can be classified as follows:
Head Protection – Safety helmets, Hearing protection
Face and Eye Protection – Goggles and Facial shields
Respiratory protective equipment – Dust mask, Breathing apparatus
Hand and Foot Protection – Gloves, Safety shoes
Body protection – Safety belt, Apron
Basic Safety Rules

9. Use only approved test equipment and test probes during trouble shooting
and repairs.

10. Carry out proper maintenance of equipment, according to the ship’s planned
maintenance system.

11. Ensure that all guards, covers and doors are in place and securely fitted.
Effects of an Arc Flash / Arc Blast
Effects of Electric Shock
Effects of Electric Current on Human Body

Current in milliamperes Effects


1 or less No sensation; probably not noticed
1 to 3 Mild sensation not painful
3 to 10 Painful shock.
10 to 30 Muscular control could be lost or
muscle clamping
30 to 75 Respiratory paralysis
75mA to 4 amps Ventricular Fibrillation
Over 4 amps Tissue begins to burns. Heart
muscles clamp and heart stops
beating
Resistance Values

1. Current is the killing factor in electrical shock. Voltage is important only in that it
determines how much current will flow through a given body resistance.

2. The following values are given for human resistance to electrical current

TYPE OF RESISTANCE RESISTANCE VALUES

Dry skin 100,000 to 600,000 Ohms

Wet skin 1,000 Ohms

Hand to Foot 400 to 600 Ohms

Ear to Ear 100 Ohms

3. If skin contact in the circuit is maintained while the current flows through
the skin, the skin resistance gradually decreases.

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